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BinLibrary- Do-It- Yourself

2013

BinLibrary
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copyright@ BinLibrary 2013

BinLibrary- Do-It- Yourself

2013

Know your: SD Card


SD, sound weird; what is SD as we know its memory device, it expanse as secure digital (SD).Its basically used in PDA device, Mobile device, GPS device, and many more. SD comes in different memory size, about 2 GB to 128 GB even more. The SD card comes with three specifications Standard, Mini, and Micro. SD card specifications are maintained by six hundred members association. Mini SD and Micro SD come with adapter support.

Standard SD vs Micro SD
Dimension Card Weight Operating Voltage Write Protect Pins Interface Current Consumption Standard SD 32 x 24 x2.1 mm 2.0 grams 2.7-3.6V Yes 9 SD or SPI <75mA (write) Micro Sd 21.5 x 20 x 1.4mm 1.0 grams 2.7-3.6V Yes 11 SD or SPI <40mA (write)

Transfer Rate:
SD card speed can be measured in three ways, KB/s (Kilobytes per second) MB/s (Megabytes per Second) x rate (CD-ROMS Speed) 4x:600KB/s 16x:2.4MB/s 40x:6.0MB/s 66x:10MB/s

Note: x rating similar to that of CD-ROMS where x is the speed


corresponding to 150KB/s.

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copyright@ BinLibrary 2013

BinLibrary- Do-It- Yourself

2013

Pin Layout:

1 9 3 4 5 6 7 8 2

SD

Standard SD card Pin Layout


Sno 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Name CD/DAT3/CS CMD/Datain VSS VDD CLK VSS2 DAT0 DAT1 DAT2 SD Description Data line 3 Command/response Supply ground Supply voltage Clock Supply Voltage Ground Data line 0 Data line 1 Data line 2

SPI- Serial Peripheral Interface


The SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) bus is a synchronous serial bus standard named by Motorola that operates in full duplex mode. Devices on a SPI bus operate in master slave mode, where the master device initiates the data transfer, selects a slave, and provides a clock for the slaves. This protocol used to interface SD card to microcontroller, this protocol used in following,

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BinLibrary- Do-It- Yourself

2013

Memory devices (SD cards) Sensors Real-time clocks Communications devices Displays

Reading Data
The SD card in SPI mode supports single-block and multiple-block read operations. The host should set the block length. After a valid read command the card responds with a response token, followed by a data block and a CRC check. The block length can be between 1 and 512 bytes. The starting address can be any valid address in the address range of the card. In multiple-block read operations, the card sends data blocks with each block having its own CRC check attached to the end of the block.

Writing Data
The SD card in SPI mode supports single- or multiple-block write operations. After receiving a valid write command from the host, the card responds with a response token and waits to receive a data block. A one-byte start block token is added to the beginning of every data block. After receiving the data block the card responds with a data response token, and the card is programmed as long as the data block is received with no errors. In multipleblock write operations the host sends the data blocks one after the other, each preceded by a start block token. The card sends a response byte after receiving each data block. Card Size Parameters SD cards are available in various sizes. At the time of writing, SanDisk Corporation (www.sandisk.com) offered the models and capacities. The company may now be offering models with 4GB or even greater capacity. In addition to the normal storage area on the card, there is also a protected area pertaining to the secured copyright management. This area can be used by applications to save security-related data and can be accessed by the host using secured read/write commands. The card write protection mechanism does not affect this area. the size of the protected area and the data area available to the user for reading and writing data. For example, a 1GB card has 20,480 blocks (one block is 512 bytes) of protected area and 1,983,744 blocks of user data area. Model SDSDB-16 SDSDB-32 SDSDJ-64 SDSDJ-128 SDSDJ-256 SDSDJ-1024 Protected Area 352 736 1376 2624 5376 20,480 User Area 28,800 59,776 121,856 246,016 494,080 1,983,744

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copyright@ BinLibrary 2013

BinLibrary- Do-It- Yourself

2013

1 Block = 512 bytes Data can be written to or read from any sector of the card using raw sector access methods. In general, SD card data is structured as a file system and two DOS-formatted partitions are placed on the card: the user area and the security protected area. The size of each area is shown in Table 7.7. For example, in a 1GB card, the size of the security protected area is 519 sectors (1 sector is 512 bytes), and the size of the user data area is 1,982,976 sectors.

Card Holder
A card can be inserted and removed from the bus without any damage. This is because all data transfer operations are protected by cyclic redundancy check (CRC) codes, and any bit changes caused by inserting or removing a card can easily be detected. SD cards typically operate with a supply voltage of 2.7V. The maximum allowed power supply voltage is 3.6V. If the card is to be operated from a standard 5.0V supply, a voltage regulator should be used to drop the voltage to 2.7V. Using an SD card requires the card to be inserted into a special card holder with external contacts so connections are easily made to the required card pins.

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