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8 PELQ@A [QHQ@[ AL [Q]LKQ KOP]Q @H[Q@]E AL[Q]LKQ OB E@Y \O]G ---------------------------------------------------------------------S PELQ@A [QHQ@[ OB HN@]LKH -hihlest- ]OE@JJ YLJ[OE, A`b`eahet.
N@NO]HEAPN & O]A@] 61-K]-8682 (EII)
---------------------------------------------------------------------S  ELKCOJH[ I. IH]HPBL[, Pelt`a [tht`s Alstrlkt Duai`. Qc` `x`kutloe ob tcos` wco hr` n`ethjjy r`thra`a vlojht`s motc tc` B`a`rhj A`htc V`ehjty Hkt hea tc` @lictc Hn`ean`et. [`` 83 P.[.K. § ;0<2(k)7 Htgles v. Rlrilelh, 0;2 P.[. ;61, ;=8 (=66=). A`b`eahet @hrj ]oe`jj Yljsoe, h koevlkt`a nura`r`r ob two uea`rkov`r pojlk` obblk`rs, kjhlns tcht c` ls n`ethjjy r`thra`a hea tc`r`bor` le`jlilmj` to r`k`lv` tc` a`htc p`ehjty. Bor tc` r`hsoes tcht bojjow, c` ls lekorr`kt.
L. MHKGI]OPEA
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Le =66;, Yljsoe nura`r`a two uea`rkov`r E\VA a`t`ktlv`s wco w`r` poslei hs iue  purkchs`rs. ([`` [`koea [up`rs`alei Lealktn`et (Agt. 89<) ²² 9, <.) C` whs trl`a le tcls kourt bor khplthj-`jlilmj` krln`s. (Qrlhj Qr. (Agts. ;2=-161).) Qc` dury koevlkt`a Yljsoe hea vot`a to lnpos` tc` a`htc p`ehjty. (Dury R`ralkt (Agt. ;08).) Qc` kourt hkkoraleijy s`et`ek`a Yljsoe to a`htc. (Duain`et (Agt. 169).) Yljsoe hpp`hj`a, hea tc` [`koea Klrkult hbblrn`a Yljsoe“s koevlktloes mut vhkht`a cls a`htc s`et`ek` oe koestltutloehj iroueas hea r`nhea`a to tcls kourt bor r`trlhj ob cls p`ehjty pchs`. Pelt`a [tht`s v. Ycltt`e, 286 B.;a 823 (=a Klr. =686).
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 Qc` kourt wljj alskuss oejy tc` mhkgirouea p`rtle`et to tc` lssu`s lt haar`ss`s le tcls opleloe. Haaltloehj  mhkgirouea khe m` bouea le tc` [`koea Klrkult“s a`klsloe le tcls khs`. [`` Pelt`a [tht`s v. Ycltt`e, 286 B.;a 823, 89;-99 (=a Klr. =686).
 
= Hbt`r tc` [`koea Klrkult“s nheaht` lssu`a, Yljsoe r`qu`st`a ‚h pr`trlhj c`hrlei to a`t`rnle` wc`tc`r c` ls h p`rsoe wltc n`ethj r`thrahtloe„ hea tcus le`jlilmj` bor tc` a`htc  p`ehjty uea`r tc` @lictc Hn`ean`et hea tc` B`a`rhj A`htc V`ehjty Hkt (tc` ‚Htgles kjhln„). (Agt. 281.) Qc` kourt irhet`a tcls r`qu`st hea s`t h skc`auj` bor `xkchei` ob `xp`rt lebornhtloe, notloes r`jht`a to tc` Htgles kjhln, hea he `vla`etlhry c`hrlei (tc` ‚Htgles c`hrlei„). ([`` B`m. =, =68=, Ora`r (Agt. 283).) Yljsoe provla`a eotlk` ob cls let`et to khjj bour n`ethj c`hjtc `xp`rts ht tc` Htgles c`hrlei4 (8) Doce Ojj`y, Vc.A., h psykcojoilst7 (=) Mruk` [chplro, N.A., h a`v`jopn`ethj  p`alhtrlklhe7 (;) Do`tt` Dhn`s, Vc.A., h e`uropsykcojoilst7 hea (1) I`ori` Yooas, Dr., h jlk`es`a  pcyslklhe. (Nhr. 9, =68=, A`b. Jtr. (Agt. 2;9).) Qc` Iov`ren`et stht`a tcht lt wouja khjj tcr`` `xp`rts ht tc` c`hrlei4 (8) ]om`rt A`ee`y, Vsy.A., h e`uropsykcojoilst7 (=) ]om`rt Nhpou, Vc.A., h e`uropsykcojoilst7 hea (;) ]hynoea Vhtt`rsoe, N.A., h psykclhtrlst. (Nhr. 9, =68=, Iov“t Jtr. (Agt. 2;3)7 Hpr. 2, =68=, Iov“t Jtr. (Agt. 292)7 Nhy =, =68=, Iov“t Jtr. (Agt. 2<9).) [lek` tc`e, tc` phrtl`s hea tc`lr `xp`rts chv` koeaukt`a `xt`eslv` alskov`ry hea t`stlei le  pr`phrhtloe bor tc` Htgles c`hrlei. Qc` kourt chs hjso lssu`a two opleloes le r`spoes` to notloes blj`a my tc` phrtl`s r`ihralei tc` skop` ob alskov`ry. [`` Pelt`a [tht`s v. Yljsoe, Eo. 61-K]-8682 (EII), =68= YJ ;3<6<08, ht *1-3 (@.A.E.\. [`pt. 9, =68=)7 Pelt`a [tht`s v. Yljsoe, Eo. 61-K]-8682 (EII), =68= YJ 2<2=<3=, ht *2-82 (@.A.E.\. Due` ==, =68=). Oe [`pt`nm`r 9, =68=, tc` phrtl`s `xkchei`a `xp`rt r`ports. ([`` [`pt. 9, =68=, A`b. Jtr. (Agt. 323).) @hkc ob tc` Iov`ren`et“s `xp`rts ople`a tcht Yljsoe ls eot n`ethjjy r`thra`a. (A`ee`y ]`p. (Agt. <02) ht 137 Vhtt`rsoe ]`p. (Agt. <09) ht 837 Nhpou ]`p. (Agt. <03) ht ;0.) @hkc ob Yljsoe“s `xp`rts ople`a tcht c` ls n`ethjjy r`thra`a. (Dhn`s ]`p. (Agt. <0<) ht 8, 897 Ojj`y ]`p. (Agt. <26) ht =37 [chplro ]`p. (Agt. <28) ht =, ==7 Yooas ]`p. (Agt. <2=) ht =<.)
 
; Qc` kourt c`ja tc` Htgles c`hrlei ov`r ele` ahys le Eov`nm`r hea A`k`nm`r =68=. ([`` Nleut` @etrl`s (Agts. <06-00, <92-93).) Lt c`hra t`stlnoey bron hjj s`v`e ob tc` `xp`rts n`etloe`a hmov` hea bour otc`r wlte`ss`s. ([`` Htgles Cr“i Qr. (‚Qr.„).) Qc` phrtl`s sumnltt`a  mrl`blei oe tc` Htgles kjhln hbt`r tc` c`hrlei. (A`b. N`n. (Agt. <3=)7 Iov“t N`n. (Agt. <3;)7
=
 A`b. ]`pjy (Agt. <<<).)
LL. [QHEAH]A BO] N@EQHJ ]@QH]AHQLOE
 Qwo provlsloes ob jhw bormla b`a`rhj kourts bron lnposlei h a`htc s`et`ek` upoe h  p`rsoe wco ls n`ethjjy r`thra`a. Blrst, tc` B`a`rhj A`htc V`ehjty Hkt (‚BAVH„), orlilehjjy `ehkt`a my Koeir`ss le 8<33 hea hn`ea`a le 8<<1, provla`s tcht h ‚s`et`ek` ob a`htc schjj eot  m` khrrl`a out upoe h p`rsoe wco ls n`ethjjy r`thra`a.„ 83 P.[.K. § ;0<2(k). [`koea, tc` `x`kutloe ob n`ethjjy r`thra`a lealvlauhjs vlojht`s tc` @lictc Hn`ean`et“s mhe oe ‚kru`j hea ueusuhj puelscn`ets.„ Htgles v. Rlrilelh, 0;2 P.[. ;61, ;=8 (=66=)7 s`` P.[. Koest. hn`ea. RLLL (‚@xk`sslv` mhlj schjj eot m` r`qulr`a, eor `xk`sslv` ble`s lnpos`a, eor kru`j hea ueusuhj  puelscn`ets lebjlkt`a.„). Le Htgles, tc` [upr`n` Kourt bouea tcht, au` to tc` r`jhtlv`jy r`k`et j`ilsjhtlv` `bborts ob s`v`rhj stht`s, ‚h ehtloehj koes`esus chWa^ a`v`jop`a hihlest„ tc` `x`kutloe ob n`ethjjy r`thra`a obb`ea`rs. Htgles, 012 P.[. ht ;82. [ukc `x`kutloes w`r` tc`r`bor` lekoeslst`et wltc ‚–tc` `vojvlei stheahras ob a`k`eky tcht nhrg tc` proir`ss ob h nhturlei sokl`ty“„‑tc` iulalei  prleklpj` ob tc` @lictc Hn`ean`et. La. ht ;88-8= (quotlei Qrop v. Aujj`s, ;02 P.[. 32, 868 (8<03)). Qc` Kourt koekjua`a tcht hjtcouic tc` let`jj`ktuhj a`blkl`ekl`s ob n`ethjjy r`thra`a krlnlehjs ala ‚eot whrrhet he `x`nptloe bron
krlnlehj shektloes
„‑lekjualei jlb` lnprlsoen`et‑sukc krlnlehjs ‚scouja m` kht`iorlkhjjy `xkjua`a bron
`x`kutloe
„ bor two nhle
=
 Qwo ahys hbt`r bljlei lts mrl`b, tc` Iov`ren`et blj`a he ‚hn`ea`a„ mrl`b tcht korr`kts h b`w bornhttlei lssu`s wltc tc` orlilehj mrl`b. ([`` Agt. <31.) Hjj klthtloes to tc` Iov`ren`et“s mrl`b r`b`r to tc` blrst v`rsloe. ([`` Agt. <3;.)

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