Performance of VoIP and Mixed Traffic over HSPA

Johann Lienhart, Siemens AG, Vienna, Austria Mnir Askar, Martin Kuipers, Nokia Siemens Networks GmbH&Co. KG, Berlin, Germany

For internal use 1 Nokia Siemens Networks

Performance of VoIP and Mixed Traffic over HSPA / Johann Lienhart / 30.05.2007

Overview
Motivation for VoIP over HSPA investigations Dynamic System Level Simulation
Simulation Strategy HSPA Parameters

VoIP over HSDPA in Downlink

QoS, Scheduling Algorithm Results for VoIP and mixed traffic over HSDPA

VoIP over E-DCH in Uplink

QoS, Scheduling Algorithm Results for mixed traffic over E-DCH

Conclusions
2 Nokia Siemens Networks Performance of VoIP and Mixed Traffic over HSPA / Johann Lienhart / 30.05.2007

Motivation for VoIP over HSPA investigations

VoIP
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is
a technology allowing the routing of voice conversations over the Internet or any IP packet-switched network VoIP over cellular network stands for the support of VoIP packets over any mobile infrastructure based on the Packet Switched (PS) domain expected to become increasing importance for future mobile network generations

HSPA
designed for efficient transport of
traditional data traffic due to AMC Fast Scheduling HARQ interesting whether efficiency is also achievable for VoIP small packet sizes delay requirements

Investigation of VoIP over HSPA feasibility and

performance under Rel-5/6 constraints

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Performance of VoIP and Mixed Traffic over HSPA / Johann Lienhart / 30.05.2007

Dynamic System Level Simulation - Simulation Strategy

MoRSE Mobile Radio
4

Site/Node B

Simulation Environment Fully dynamic simulation with 57 cells mobility, handover, etc. 12 inner cells are reference cells Real interference from interferer rings Control channels (Rel5 & Rel6) with power control and soft handover Session based traffic model and satisfied user criterion QoS based dropping
Nokia Siemens Networks

UE

Reference Area Link Level-Performance: Actual Value Interface implemented

Performance of VoIP and Mixed Traffic over HSPA / Johann Lienhart / 30.05.2007

VoIP over HSPA - Simulation Parameter

HSPA
Site to site distance 1.5 km, PL according UMTS 30.03 Fast-fading models (PedA 3 km/h) Max Node B power 43 dBm Max UE power 21 dBm TTI 2ms for HSDPA and E-DCH HS-PDSCH just HHO; E-DPDCH also SHO HSDPA Rel5 and E-DCH Rel6 features

VoIP
ROHC with initial full header, partly and fully compressed header VoIP payload 31 byte per 20 ms, SID frames 6 byte per 160 ms Packet discarding according to delay budget

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Performance of VoIP and Mixed Traffic over HSPA / Johann Lienhart / 30.05.2007

VoIP over HSDPA Scheduler Principle VoIP User

Delayaware Linkadaptive No Yes

No

Yes

h T HOL

= channel state = throughput = waiting time of first packet in queue SM = T(h) / T

some implicit delay awareness in forgetting factor

(RR) PFS

FIFO VoIP

PFS metric: FIFO metric: VoIP metric:

4 3 2 1 0 0 20 80ms 120ms

SM = HOL SM = w(HOL) * h2 / h2

VoIP metric weight function

Packet aggregation small weight value in initial 40ms

weight value w

Link adaptation constant weight value 1 until final 30ms Delay awareness fast increasing weight value, when approaching delay threshold

40 60 weighting time

80

100

120

HOL

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Performance of VoIP and Mixed Traffic over HSPA / Johann Lienhart / 30.05.2007

VoIP over HSDPA Results for VoIP only traffic

VoIP Performance, Ped A, 3km/h, 2% packet loss rate
100 95 90 85 RSU [%] 80 75 70 65 60 55
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 100 VoIP Users per Cell [-]

VoIP, 80ms VoIP, 120ms FIFO, 80ms FIFO, 120ms PFS, 80ms PFS, 120ms

VoIP user is satisfied if: user is not dropped or blocked not more than 2% of packets are lost or discarded
102 83 83 72 VoIP FIFO PFS

110 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 60ms 80ms

PFS link adaptive

FIFO delay aware

VoIP link adaptive delay aware

VoIP Users per cell

71 64

56 47

Capacity: Number of users in ref. cells when 95% of users are satisfied

120ms

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Performance of VoIP and Mixed Traffic over HSPA / Johann Lienhart / 30.05.2007

VoIP over HSDPA Mixed service simulation

In real systems VoIP users have to
share radio capacity with other users therefore VoIP user and web traffic user are served within the same scenario Optimized scheduling and proper prioritization of services will be crucial to maintain the radio capacity 100% VoIP load is taken as reference value (PedA3 channel, VoIP specific scheduler with 80ms delay budget) Several VoIP load levels are kept constant (82%, 47% and 24%) in a scenario Web user load is stepwise increased The overall capacity of the system is determined if the threshold is reached where both user groups are just satisfied

VoIP load level

90
83 67

VoIP User per cell

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
100

39 20

82

47

24

Percentage of pure VoIP capacity

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Performance of VoIP and Mixed Traffic over HSPA / Johann Lienhart / 30.05.2007

VoIP over HSDPA Scheduler Principle data user

WWW and VoIP Users are
scheduled in a single step but different metric weight functions are used - special scheduler metric calculation for data user SM of data is intended to be directly comparable with VoIP SM Throughput aware component as well as channel condition component w is a general screw to weight the entire data SM w(r) increases if the average throughput falls below a threshold (rmin) and decreases if throughput becomes higher than the threshold

SM

Data

= w w (r )

h h

2 2

general weight:

w =1
datarate dependend weight:

w( r ) =

r min r

r min = 64kbps

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Performance of VoIP and Mixed Traffic over HSPA / Johann Lienhart / 30.05.2007

VoIP over HSDPA Traffic model for Data user & QoS
Traffic Model
HTTP traffic proposal follows widely web
traffic model of TS 25.848 Session consists of 10 packet calls (representing web page download) Pareto distributed packet call size Mean size 25kbyte (UL mean size 5kbyte) Geometric distributed reading time mean: 5 sec

QoS
Mean user throughput of each session is
collected/drawn in a CDF Capacity of scenario is reached if at most 5% of the sessions have a average user throughput <= 64kbps

Packet call reading time

t
6 4

packet service session (10 packet calls)

10

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Performance of VoIP and Mixed Traffic over HSPA / Johann Lienhart / 30.05.2007

VoIP over HSDPA Mixed service simulation Results

Overall capacity if both user groups are satisfied
35 30
33

WWW User per cell

26

25 20 15 10 5
0 0 VoIP 84% VoIP 47% VoIP 24% VoIP 0% 12

0
VoIP 100%

Percentage of pure VoIP capacity

Web traffic users will be earlier unsatisfied as VoIP user Only RSU of web traffic users are determining the overall capacity Very high VoIP load dont allow any satisfied web user
11 Nokia Siemens Networks Performance of VoIP and Mixed Traffic over HSPA / Johann Lienhart / 30.05.2007

VoIP over E-DCH Scheduling Principle VoIP

VoIP traffic
276 bit VoIP payload (incl. RoHC) every 20ms
+ 16 bit RLC header + 18 bit MAC Header

VoIP packet fits into TBS of E-TFC 1 (354 bit)

Scheduling type
VoIP traffic is transported in unscheduled mode (signaling overhead reduced).
UE doesnt care about grants since in principle only one TBS is necessary.

every UE can send as soon as VoIP data is available

E-TFC 1 2 3 4 5 6 TBS [bits] 354 690 1026 2034 3377 6066 SF 4 4 4 2 4 4 No. Codes 1 2 2 2 6 6 TTI [ms] 2 2 2 2 2 2

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Performance of VoIP and Mixed Traffic over HSPA / Johann Lienhart / 30.05.2007

VoIP over E-DCH Scheduling Principle Data

VoIP user transmits in unscheduled mode.
Remaining UL capacity is scheduled for data users.
UL Interference Management:

NodeB scheduler:
RTWP (received at NodeB) is managed. NodeB scheduler grants resources to UE based on the estimated available E-DCH power and RTWP. Users are ranked according fair throughput metric. Available E-DCH power depends on inter/intra cell interference and on the RTWP target.
RTWP target

Available power for E-DCH

P(E-DCH_data)

P(n) P(2) P(1) Other cells interference I(oc) Thermal noise P(noise)

UE selection procedure:
UE selects E-TFC which fits to the granted resource. Max. UE TX power and buffer fill level is also taken into account.

Power used for any other physical channels e.g. E-DCH VoIP user

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Performance of VoIP and Mixed Traffic over HSPA / Johann Lienhart / 30.05.2007

VoIP over E-DCH QoS Satisfied User Criterion

VoIP satisfied user criterion the same like for DL VoIP scenario capacity (RSU): Capacity of the scenario is reached
if at least 95% of the speech users are satisfied

WWW satisfied user criterion the same like for DL but

different throughput threshold 32kbps instead of 64kbps

WWW scenario capacity (RSU) Capacity of scenario is

reached if at most 5% of the sessions have an average user throughput below 32kbps

RSU capacity

additional aspect in UL compared to DL

Radio network capacity is reached if 95th percentile of Noise Rise at the
NodeB exceeds 6 dB.

Noise Rise capacity

Final capacity is the minimum of RSU & NR capacity
14 Nokia Siemens Networks Performance of VoIP and Mixed Traffic over HSPA / Johann Lienhart / 30.05.2007

VoIP over HSPA Mixed service simulation Capacity Region

Percentage of VoIP user load over percentage of web user load
100 90 80
Perc. of http capacity [%]

HSDPA EDCH

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Perc. of VoIP capacity [%]

All mix combinations below curve can be served E-DCH: Smooth characteristics of the capacity region HSDPA: Non ideal at high share of VoIP users
15 Nokia Siemens Networks Performance of VoIP and Mixed Traffic over HSPA / Johann Lienhart / 30.05.2007

VoIP over HSDPA Conclusions

Delay-aware and Link-adaptive scheduling metric performs
best VoIP specific scheduler causes packet aggregation which leads to higher capacity Principally possible to schedule different user groups with HSDPA No general capacity breakdown at mixed traffic
Exception at high VoIP load levels, where no web user can be
scheduled

The transmit power is not the limiting resource in the mixed scenario The amount of possibly scheduled user per TTI is one of the limiting
factors

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Performance of VoIP and Mixed Traffic over HSPA / Johann Lienhart / 30.05.2007

VoIP over E-DCH Conclusions

Principally possible to serve unscheduled VoIP user group
together with scheduled web user group Regarding RSU criterion, web user satisfaction is the limiting factor in mix scenarios (VoIP User are preferred due to unscheduled mode) VoIP users always satisfied as long as the Data scheduler suceeds in Noise Rise restriction UL VoIP capacity limited by Noise Rise

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Performance of VoIP and Mixed Traffic over HSPA / Johann Lienhart / 30.05.2007

Thanks a lot for your attention

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Nokia Siemens Networks

Performance of VoIP and Mixed Traffic over HSPA / Johann Lienhart / 30.05.2007