Causes of Brain Drain Brain drain is a term defined as the movement of highly skilled people from their country

to another one where they can earn more money and maintain their academic improvement.In recent years,according to authorities,brain drain has been one of the most crucial elements of developing process in underdeveloped countries.The factors leading to brain drain can be examined in three headings,namely,low salaries and lack of opportunities and necessary equipment. Low salaries and inefficent working conditions can be the first motive that triggers the movement to the countries with better living standarts and facilities.To demonstrate,Skilled workers aim to get pleasing salaries in return for their labour but the working conditions in their homeland don't fulfill their wishes.Therefore,those workers prefer to move another country in order to have better living conditions with high salaries. In developed countries,researchers are provided with funds and necessary equipment to carry out study, which can be another motive that attracts those deprived of these opportunities.Most scientists in underdeveloped countries, do not possess laboratory facilities and researchers can not get sufficient funds.Therefore,when deeloped countries offer these facilities,researhers and scientists naturally prefer to migrate to these countries. As a conclusion,Brain drain occurs because the individuals who aim at continuing their studies are in serach of better conditions and more support in academic studies.It is my contention that underdeveloped countries should support their skilled forces and researchers via providing with funds and necessary equipment.

Socialists like health minister Ghulam Nabi Azad won't admit it, but they rather liked the Berlin Wall. They think it's morally right to keep citizens captive at home, unable to migrate for better prospects. Azad has proposed not a brick wall but a financial one: he wants all doctors going to the US for higher studies to sign a financial bond that will be forfeited if they do not return.

Sorry, but the right to emigrate is fundamental. States can curb immigration, but not emigration . The UN declaration of human rights says in Article 13, "Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own." Article 12 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights incorporates this right into treaty law. It says: "Everyone shall be free to leave any country, including his own. The above-mentioned rights shall not be subject to any restrictions except those provided by law necessary to protect national security, public order, public health or morals or the rights and freedoms of others." The public health exception relates to communicable diseases, not a shortage of doctors.
Brain Drain means the migration of highly qualified experts like doctors, engineers, scientist and other trained persons from the under-developed countries to advancing countries. More or less, all the backward countires are suffering from this problem. India is also suffering from this brain drain seriously at the present moment. Thus brain drain is a direct loss, of trained experts in many fields, to the under-developed and poor countries. On the other hand, it is a net gain to the advanced countries. According to a UNO report, every year thousands of experts are migrating from backward countries to advanced countries like USA, UK, Canada, Germany etc. The under-developed countries are spending millions of rupees on the training of these experts. But the advanced countries are utilizing their services without spending a single penny on their training.

Every year, thousands of highly talented doctors, engineers, scientists and other intellectuals leave India and migrate to foreign countries. They generally go to U.S.A, UK, Canada, West Germany, etc for monetary gains and facilities for higher research. US is the biggest gainer from the loss of India due to brain drain. Most of the students who go abroad for higher studies do not return to India. After seeing, the affluent life of foreign countries they lose all interest in their own country. Many Indians are teaching at various US Universities and other Institutions of higher learning. Some of them are placed on quite lucrative and high posts. There are so many causes of the brain drain in India. First of all, there is the unemployment problem. Even a talented person cannot get job. India is lacking in facilities for higher research work. The top appointments are quite few in India. Thus the talented experts like to seek new pastures abroad. There is another attraction of leading a higher standard of living in foreign countries, because the technical experts and intellectuals, are give special facilities there. In foreign countries, there is the advantage that while learning a person can also earn his own living. The stipends in foreign countries are sufficient enough. A frugal Indian Student living there can also save something to send home. There is no doubt that India is having vast natural and man power resources. If both these resources are put to the maximum utilization astounding advancement can be

achieved in all fields. These technical and other talented reasons whom we lose every year, can greatly help in the development of our natural resources. The government must take speedy steps to lure back home these talented sons of India who are living abroad. These experts can surely help in making India a great power in the world. In this connection, even the people should also come forward and cooperate with the Government in solving this problem. The parents of the students should not encourage them to go abroad and settle there even if they are paid high salaries. The doctors, engineers and scientists owe a duty to their motherland. Our nation is spending huge amounts of money on their training. These people should not betray their own nation by serving foreign nations. Today thousands of young Indian scientists and technicians are devoted the cause of rebuilding our nation. The country has already achieved the nuclear status as well as become a space power. There are enough opportunities for all the Indian scientists and engineers settled abroad, if they come back to India. They should play an important role in future progress of our country and share the honour of participating in this sacred task. There is no doubt that India is bound to become one of the most industrialised and scientifically advanced countries in the world. Let every Indian scientist, engineer and technician share the privilege of participating in the noble task of building nation. Thus they can earn the gratitude of their people.

Brain drain is a problem, which has been discussed at length. And our authirities, the Governments, are fully aware of that. But what is the alternative? Our children study well and come out with very attractive results. When they enter the market of employment, they find high competition. Once entered into some job, very often, they find that the pay is not all attractive. The perks also may not be competitive. At the same time, their friends working in some advanced countries, with the same qualification,get very attractive salary and other facilities. So naturally they try for a change. Ultimately all, who can compete, end up with some foreign countries. There is another aspect in it. Our country is not loosing the required quality man power,even if many are exported, which is evident from the progress we are making in several fronts. Further, most of them working outside, with the qualification gained from within our country, for whom this country has spent a lot, are sending at least a portion of their income back to our country (look at the NRI investments). Again, in this age of globalisation, any invention or similar results obtained do perculate to every nation irrespective of who invented it. So the results of the works of the brains drained from our country might be coming back to us, and we will be making use of it.

With all these points I am not supporting the brain drain. But I was trying to look into various aspects connected with that.