Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2006
(1) (a) Not a group. The axiom (G1) is satised since the multiplication is associative. The axiom (G2) is satised since of But the axiom (G3) is not satised since for example the inverse
is not an element of
Z.
(b) Not a group. The axiom (G1) is not satised since tive. For example
a b is not associa(0 0) 1 = (0 0) 1 = 1 = 1 = 0 (0 1) =
0 (0 1).
(c) Is a group. tained in The multiplication is associative and therefore (G1) is Therefore (G2) is satised. If satised. Further the unit element of the multiplication is
x1 > 0
R+ .
under multiplication. (d) Not a group. As before, the multiplication is associative and therefore (G1) is satised. The unit element of the multiplication is tained in
and con-
Q.
0Q
an inverse. (e) Is a group. As before (G1) and (G2) is satised. Since for every holds that
x=0
xR
x R
also (G3) is satised. (f ) Is a group. The addition is associative and therefore (G1) is satised. The identity element is ed. Finally for every in
0 and is contained in R and thus (G2) is satisx R the inverse element is x and is contained
R.
(x y) z = x + y + z 4 = x (y z). 2 is the identity element since x 2 = x + 2 2 = x and 2 x = 2 + x 2 = x for every x Z. And if x Z, then 4 x Z is the inverse element of x. Therefore the axiom (G3) is satised.
In (ii): x
(2)
(a) The major mistakes in this denition are the following two:
identity is wrong.
The element
is called the
.
In addition to this it would be good to note in the denition of the identity element, that the equation
ex=xe=x
holds for in (iii) that
be preferable to emphasise
(b) The major mistakes in this denition are the following two:
A group is a set together with a binary operation. The student mentiones the set and the student mentiones a operation (and it is a
binary
The student mentiones the identity element and that every element
aG
a.
give the denition what is ment by identity element or what an inverse element is. This is missing in the denition.
(c) The major mistakes in this denition are the four following:
The statement the binary operation is dened does not make sense. It is not mentioned that the binary operation has to be associative. It is logical incorrect to dene the inverse element before the identity element! Even though the inverse element is mentioned the denition is not complete. One needs to mention that has an inverse element ment by
every
element
xG
x.
x x x = e.
x,
namely that
xx =
Even though the identity element is mentioned its meaning is not given. holds that One needs to add that for the identity element
xe=ex=x
for every
x G.
(d) The major mistakes in this denition are the three following:
(3)
under addition. The later expression does not make sense. In (ii): The expression {e} is not correct. Correct is just to write e. Moreover in (ii): The eect of the identity element is dened wrong, correct is (a) Assume that
ae=ea=e x. xy =e
(and
not a!).
is a right inverse of
Then:
y:
yxy =ye
The element
yxy =y
Multyplying from the right with the right inverse
of
y:
yxyz =yz
Using the fact that
y:
yxe=e
The element
yx=e
Therefore
is a left inverse of
x. x.
Then
xe=x
Using
e=yx
since
x:
xyx=x
Using that
e=xy
since
is an right inverse of
x:
ex=x
And thus
(4)
We rst show that axiom (G2') is satised. Then by assumption there exists an
Fix an element
b G.
()
eG
such that
b e = b.
Let
a G be an arbitrary element. c b = a.
cG
such that
yields
cbe=cb
and therefore
a e = a.
This shows that satised.
aG
Next we show that axiom (G3') is satised. By assumption there exists for every
xG
yG
x y = e.
In other words this means that every (G3') is satised. (5*) Let
Thus
x, y G
and set
z := x y .
Then
e = z z) z = x y) e=xx
and
e = y y)
is an abelian group.