International Journal of Environment, Ecology, Family and Urban Studies (IJEEFUS) ISSN 2250-0065 Vol.

3, Issue 1, Mar 2013, 71-78 TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM USING GEO-SPATIAL TECHNOLOGY

R. GOVINDARAJ1 & NISHCHAY NAILWAL2
1

Chief Technical Officer. UL Technology Solution Pvt. Ltd., Trivandrum, Kerala, India
2

Assistant System Engineer, Tata Consultancy Services, Pune, Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT
Today Electric utilities are realizing the benefits of GIS technology in the management of facilities for engineering, construction operations, and maintenance and services purposes. This project work illustrates the use of geospatial technology in electricity distribution. Geo-spatial technology is a combination of GIS, GPS & Remote Sensing. By using this technology electric energy is distributed to the consumer in an efficient way, by consumer indexing we can find the exact location of the consumer feeder, or transformer, or circuit number and or pole consumer is being supplied and with the help of energy auditing rate of energy consumption can be estimated and also find the different ways of energy saving. The Remote Sensing, GIS and GPS techniques can provide an efficient tool for the management and analysis of Energy Distribution System related tasks. As a result efficiency of the electricity distribution increases, energy losses is reduces which increases the countrys economy. A web based application is developed to calculate the energy consume by household instrument and to calculate the tariff.

KEYWORDS: Electricity Distribution, GIS, Geo-Spatial Technology, Remote Sensing, Consumer Indexing, Energy
Auditing

INTRODUCTION
Electricity is an important part of human being. It has brought many things that surely have made many wonders and life would seem so hard without it. Electricity is an aspect of the utility sector that is very essential to the smooth and meaningful development of a society. It supports the economy and promotes the well-being of individuals. The primary purpose of an electricity distribution system is to meet the customers demands for energy after receiving the bulk electrical energy from transmission or sub transmission substation. There are basically two major types of distribution substations: primary substation and customer substation. The primary substation serves as a load centre and customer substation interfaces to the low voltage network.

STUDY AREA LOCATION

The study area is Kumarapuram. It comes under Thiruvananthapuram district.Thiruvananthapuramformerly known as Trivandrum, is the capital of the Indianstate of Kerala. Kumarapuramis a posh residential locale situated between Kannanmoola and Medical College Junction in Thiruvananthapuram. Kumarapuram is situated between latitude 80 30 30N to 80 3130 N and longitude 7605530 E to 7605600 E.The area of Kumarapuram is 1 sq km. The area is fully electrified by Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB). The district is divided into three circles: Transmission circle, Thiruvananthapuram city and Kattakkada. Domestic consumers account for 43% of the total power consumption, or 90 million units per month. A 400 kV substation has just been commissioned by the Power Grid Corporation and will ensure high-quality power supply to the city.

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Figure1: Location Map

OBJECTIVES
To provide the electricity of different types of consumers in an efficient manner. To perform Consumer Indexing& Energy Auditing. Web based application for energy and tariff calculation

METHODOLOGY
The image of study area is taken by the satellite SPOT. It is a high-resolution, optical imaging Earth observation satellite system operating from space. The Panchromatic Resolution is 1 m and multispectral resolution is 4m. The number of bands is 4 (B, G, R & NIR). The software ERDAS IMAGINE 9.0 is used for visual and digital interpretation, Arc GIS 9.3 is used for vector layer generation, maintaining of database and layout preparation and ASP.Net 2008 is used for designing of web applications using different controls.Consumer indexing is a method for enumerating the total number of consumers in a utility and tagging them to their respective poles, transformers, and feeders. By consumer indexing and network mapping are taken and pole-to-pole survey for obtaining data. Energy Auditing is defined as the statistical study of energy in a building or plant and identifies energy saving opportunities. Web application is used to calculate the energy consumption and tariff.

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Figure 2: Methodology

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

A part of Kumarapuram, Trivandrum District, Kerala State is extracted from the Kumarapuram area (Figure 3). This has an area of 34406.568 sq.m. The roads along the boundary of this part of Kumarapuram are Kumarapuram Road and Pazhaya Road. The total numbers of buildings in this extracted area are 131. This part of Kumarapuram comes in mixed area category.

Figure 3: Extraction of Study Area

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Landuse map (Figure 4) is divided into five classes such as commercial, residential, mixed, vacant land and road area. The area covered by the commercial area is 5280.029937 sq m, residential area is 7049.752554 sq m, mixed area is 333.002027 sq m, vacant land area is 17977.123593 sq m and road area is 6084.246717 sq m. The first objective is to provide electricity to different types of consumer in an efficient manner and the land use map is used to find out the different types of consumers in the study area.

Figure 4: Landuse Map Electricity network flow map (Figure 5) of the area is shown. It starts with the electric substation with an incoming voltage of 33KV and an outgoing voltage of 11KV. The high voltage of 33KV is being step down by the transformer in the substation. This 11KV goes to the distribution transformer through high tension wires from the high tension pole. This 11KV is again step down to 0.43KV .Then it goes to low tension wires from low tension pole and through cables from low tension pole it reaches to the consumers. Electricity network depicts the manner in which the electricity flows in the area and also gives the information about a particular consumers electricity consumption from the low tension pole.

Figure 5: Electricity Network Flow

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In (Figure 6) a low tension pole is clicked, it shows the all the required information regarding that low tension pole. The building location is shown (Figure 7). As the name of the consumer is clicked, the information as well as location of the building is also displayed. This is called pole to building relationship. Like this other relationship can be constructing in other to obtain required information by using single click i.e. consumer indexing.

Figure 6: Attributes of Selected Low Tension Pole

Figure 7: Location of the Selected Consumers Building The pie chart (Figure 8) showing the percentage of instruments used in study area by consumers. The maximum useable instrument is bulb with 58.28%. After bulb tube light is the next highest useable instrument with 15.52%. Fan, T.V., Computer, A.C., Motor, Camera, Refrigerator and X-Rays Machine have 13.89%, 2.93%, 3.26%, 2.61%, 1.36%, 0.47%, 1.53% and 0.11% respectively.

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Figure 8: Pie Chart Indicating Instrument Used by Different Consumers (%) Rank is classified into five classes (Table 1) according to the number of assets that the consumer using. The building that carries first rank has more than 160 numbers of instruments is a four star hotel and having 8 storeys. The maximum number of buildings is in fourth rank. All data is obtained through field survey. Table 1: Assign Rank According to Number of Assets Number of Assets Less than 40 41-80 81-120 121-160 Above 160 Rank 5 4 3 2 1 Number of Buildings 29 83 14 4 1

Connected load means maximum power required by the instrument to operate. Average load means minimum power required each instant of time by the instrument to operate. Average load should be 30%-50% of the connected load. The study area is divided into zones and zones are divided according to the number of instruments used by the consumers. Here connected load and average load of each zone is calculated (Table 2). Table 2: Connected Load & Average Load (KW) of Each Zone Zone Fan & Light 17.184 25.734 34.698 75.699 27.7 181.015 Connected Load in KW A.C & P.C & Refrigerator T.V 81.1 11 58.55 8.2 84.7 18 138.85 49.4 28.9 12.2 392.1 98.8 Total Connected Load (KW) 112.24 94.334 143.688 291.699 77.6 719.561 Average Load (KW) 52.2 44.25 67.226 155.23 35.9 311.982

Motor 2.96 1.85 6.29 27.75 8.8 47.65

1 2 3 4 5 Total

Table 3: Energy Consumption (KWHr) by Landuse Area Building Type Commercial Area Residential Area Mixed Area Fan 523.2 796.4 53.76 Bulb 283.38 433.89 32.87 Tube Light 170.24 213.12 16.4 A.C. 1449 1225 21 Refrigerator 105.6 228 8.4 P.C. 321.6 190.8 23.4 T.V 155.3 169.6 10.8

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Figure 9: Design of Energy Calculator In order to calculate the energy consumption by each intrument input like number of instrumnet , load of the intrument, operating hours per day should be given.The input is given to a lamp having load as 40 watts as number of instrument or equipment is given as 2 and operating hours per day is 5 then it will display the total energy consumption by that lamp in a month will be 12 units (Figure 9 ). In this way energy is calculated (1.1). Energy consumption in a month= Load of the equipment*number of equipment* Average operating per hours*30/1000 (1.1)

CONCLUSIONS
Electricity Distribution using geo-spatial technology has been done to the different types of consumers in an efficient manner. For future aspects proposed location of Distribution Transformer has been easily find so that with the development of the area, consumer demands for the electricity will increases then that distribution transformer help to meet the demands of consumer and they will not face electricity problem. By performing Consumer Indexing it is easy to get all the data about Poles, Distribution Transformer & Consumer. By using consumer indexing it reduces the use of queries. A common man can also extract the required information just by click on the feature. Consumer indexing helps to reduce electricity theft. By performing Energy Auditing energy consumption by each instrument is calculated, find the maximum consumption area and search for the different ways to save energy. It has been found that a.c., computer and refrigerator are the most energy consumption instrument among all. So in order to save energy at certain level these three instruments should be considered mostly. A web based application using ASP.Net 2008 with C# has been developed in order to calculate the energy consume by the household equipments so that consumer can know how much units its equipment consume in a month. For bill calculation tariff calculator has been developed so that consumer can know how much they have to pay before they will get the bill from electricity board.

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REFERENCES
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