2 Camnangnguphap PDF

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CD Ting Anh 12 LTH Trn Thin 0913.430 999 TRUNG TM TON OLYMPIC ISI

CHNG I: CHON T

*1. CA C GI I T TH NG GA P:
NHOM TNH T I V I GI I T :
1. Be out = i ra ngoa i, i va ng
2. Be absent from = va ng ma t
3. Be afraid of = s
4. Be amazed at = nga c nhie n
5. Be amused at = vui
6. Be angry at (sth) = gia n ve vie c g
7. Be angry with (sb) = gia n ai
8. Be aware of = nha n th c c
9. Be bored with = buo n, cha n na n
10. Be compared with = so v i
11. Be convenient for = thua n tie n cho ai
12. Be covered with = b che phu
13. Be crowded with = o ng u c v i
14. Be cruel to = o c a c v i
15. Be delighted at = vui thch
16. Be different from = kha c v i
17. Be excited about = ha o h ng
18. Be familiar with = quen v i
19. Be famous for = no i tie ng ve
20. Be far from = xa v i
21. Be fond of = thch
22. Be full of = no, a y
23. Be good at = gio i mo n g
24. Be good for = to t cho
25. Be interesting in = thch
26. Be kind to = tot v i ai
27. Be looking forward to = tro ng ch
28. Be made from = c sx kho ng thay o i cha t
lie u
29. Be made in = c sx ta i a u
30. Be made of = c sx thay o i cha t lie u
31. Be nice to = to t v i ai
32. Be pleased with = hai lo ng v i
33. Be polite to = le phe p
34. Be presented with = c trao ta ng v i
35. Be proud of = t ha o ve
36. Be satisfied with = thoa ma n
37. Be scared of = e de , s
38. Be similar to = tng t v i
39. Be sure of = cha c cha n
40. Be surprised at = nga c nhie n
41. Be tired of = me t moi, cha n
42. Be useful for =h u du ng e
43. Be worried about = lo la ng ve
44. Bewrong with = sai v i

NHOM O NG T I KEM GI I T
1. add sth to sth = the m ca i g va o ca i g
2. agree with = o ng y
3. amount of = so l ng l n
4. arrive at + ni cho n = e n (ni nho , kho ng te n)
5. arrive in + a danh = e n (ni l n co te n rie ng)
6. ask for = xin
7. be on = chie u phim
8. base on = d a va o
9. believe in = tin t ng
10. borrow sth from = m n t ai
11. bring back = mang tr lai
12. buy sth for someone = mua ca i g cho ai
13. change something into something = oi ca i g
tha nh ca i g
14. check in = a ng k
15. check up = kie m tra, kha m
16. clear up = la m sa ch, do n sa ch
17. compare with = so sa nh vi
18. complain about = than phie n ve
19. cook meals for someone = na u b a a n cho ai
20. cut down = o n xuo ng
21. depend on = phu thuo c va o
22. devide into = pha n chia tha nh
23. devote to = co ng hie n cho
24. die for = chet v (ai)
25. die of = che t v (be nh)
26. end up = cha m d t, ke t thu c
27. even up = san ba ng
28. fall down = ri xuo ng
29. fall in love with someone = ye u mot ng i na o
o
30. fill out = die n ra
31. find something for someone = tm cai g cho ai
32. find out = tm ra
33. flow across = cha y ngang qua
34. fly to somewhere = bay e n a u
35. follow someone to somewhere = theo sau ai e n
a u
36. get out of = thoa t kho i, i ra
37. get up = th c da y
38. give up = t bo
39. glad to+V = vui m ng la m g

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40. go for a swim = i bi
41. go for a walk = i ta n bo
42. go on = xa y ra, tie p tuc
43. go on a trip = i du lch
44. go on a vacation = i ngh
45. go up = gia ta ng, i le n
46. hear about (of) = nghe ve
47. help someone with sth = giu p ai vi
48. hundred of = ha ng tra m
49. insist on = nha n ma nh
50. interact with = a nh h ng, ta c du ng
51. join in = tham gia va o
52. keep someone awake = lam ai th c gia c
53. keep someone away = tra nh xa ai
54. laugh at = cho c ghe o
55. learn by heart = ho c thuo c lo ng
56. learn how to + V = ho c cach la m g
57. learn about something = ho c ve ca i g
58. line up = xe p ha ng
59. listen to = la ng nghe
60. live apart = so ng xa nhau
61. live on = so ng nh va o
62. live with somebody = so ng v i ai
63. look after = cha m so c
64. look at =nhn nga m
65. look for = tm kie m
66. look up = tra t ie n
67. look forward to = tro ng ch ai, cai g
68. love for = tnh ye u da nh cho
69. make something for someone = la m, may cai g
cho aai
70. millions of = ha ng trie u
71. nice to +V = tot, tuye t e la m g
72. open to = m c a cho
73. pick someone up = r c ai
74. plenty of = nhie u, phong phu
75. prepare for = chua n b cho
76. pull out = loi ra
77. put into = a t ca i g va o trong
78. put out = la m ta t, da p ta t
79. queue up = xe p ha ng
80. receive sth from someone = nha n ca i g t ai
81. return to = tr lai a u
82. sell something to someone = ba n ca i g cho ai
83. send something to someone = g i cai g cho ai
84. send sth from somewhere = gi ca i g t a u
85. separate sth from = ta ch ra
86. speak to someone = noi chuye n v i ai
87. spend + time (money) on= du ng th i gian (tie n
va o)
88. succeed in = tha nh co ng
89. suck up = nnh ho t
90. suitable for = thch h p cho
91. sum up = to m lai, to m ta t
92. take over = a m nha n
93. take care of = cha m soc
94. take part in = tham gia va o
95. take someone to somewhere = da n ai i a u
96. talk about = no i ve ca i g
97. talk to/with = no i vi ai
98. talk to someone about something = no i v i ai ve
ca i g
99. thanks for sth = ca m n ai ve ca i g
100. thanks to sth/sb = nh co ca i g/ai
101. the number of = mo t so l ng l n
102. think about = ngh ve
103. think of = ngh ve
104. thausands of = ha ng nga n
105. turn off = ta t (ma y)
106. turn on = m (ma y)
107. turn up = m to le n
108. wait for = i c
109. wake up = th c da y
110. walk along = i bo doc theo
111. walk into = i bo va o
112. walk up = i bo le n
113. wash up = r a che n, giat
114. weaar out = ta ra, ra ch ra
115. work for someone = la m viec cho ai
116. work with someone = la m vie c v i ai
117. worry about = lo la ng ve
118. write for = vie t cho toa ba o
119. write to someone = vie t cho ai
120. stay away from = tra nh xa
121. stay up late = th c khuya
122. stay with sb = v i ai

NH NG TR NG H P KHA C
1. "IN": trong a danh, tha ng, na m, mu a, buo i
in 2002 = va o na m 2002
in January = va o tha ng 1
in February = va o tha ng 2
in March = va o tha ng 3
in April = va o tha ng 4
in May = va o tha ng
in June = va o tha ng 6
in July = va o tha ng 7
in August = va o tha ng 8
in september = va o tha ng 9

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in October = va o tha ng 10
in November = va o tha ng 11
in December = va o tha ng 12
in spring =va o mu a xua n
in summer = va o mu a he
in autumn (fall) =va o mu a thu
in winter = va o mu a o ng
in the morning = va o buo i sa ng
in the afternoon = va o buo i chie u
in a few minutes = trong va i phu t
in a village = trong la ng
in England = nu c Anh
in English = ba ng tie ng Anh
in grade 6, 7, 8, = ho c l p 6, 7, 8
in London = Lua n o n
in industry = trong nga nh co ng nghie p
in the city = trong tha nh pho
in the countryside = mie n que
in town = trong th tra n
in the library = trong th vie n
in the living room = trong pho ng kha ch
in the middle of = chnh gi a cu a
in the ocean = ai dng
in the souvenir shop = trong c a ha ng lu nie m
in your free time = va o th i gian ra nh
in education = trong nga nh gia o duc
in front of = pha tr c
in the country = trong n c
in town = trong th tra n, tha nh pho
in the house = trong nha

2. "ON": tre n, th , tha ng, ngay lan lo n
on Monday = va o th 2
on Tuesday = va o th 3
on Wednesday = va o th 4
on Thurday = va o th 5
on Friday = va o th 6
on Saturday = va o th 7
on Sunday = va o chu nha t
on September 2
nd
= va o nga y 2 tha ng 9
on May 19
th
= va o nga y 19 tha ng nam
on Christmas Day = va o nga y Gia ng Sinh
on New Years' Day = va o nga y Te t
on Saturday morning = va o sa ng th 7
on a farm = no ng tra i
on the couch = tre n ghe salong da i
on the ground = tre n ma t a t
on the left = be n tra i
on the right = be n pha i
on = i ba ng cha n
on the way = tre n ng i
on TV (television) = tre n ti vi
on vacation = va o k ngh

3. "AT"= ta i, va o lu c
at Christmas = va o Gia ng Sinh
at night + va o ban e m
at noon = va o lu c tra
at the market = ta i ch
at the post office = ta i bu ie n
at the same time = cu ng luc
at 10 o'clock = va o lu c 10 gi

at home = tai nha
at number 1, 2, 3, = ta i so nha 1, 2, 3,
at school = tai tr ng
at the back of = pha sau lng cu a
at weekends = va o nh ng nga y ngh cuo i tua n
at work = ta i ni la m vie c

4. "AROUND" = xung quanh
aound the world = vo ng quanh the gi i
around the city = vo ng quanh tha nh pho
around the pool edge = xung quanh b ho
5. "SINCE" = ke t khi
Since last week = ke t tua n tr c
Since 2005 = ke t na m 2005
Since yesterday = ke t ho m qua

6. "FOR"= khoang (sau FOR + khoa ng hay tong so
thi gian)
for two days = khoa ng 2 nga y
for three weeks = khoa ng 3 tua n
for five month = khoana g 5 tha ng
for ten years = khoa ng 10 na m

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CHNG II: FAMILY WORD
Dang ung cua t (Correct Word Form)
PHA N I: CA CH DU NG CAC T LOA I
I. CA CH DU NG DANH T (Noun) (n)
1. DANH T NG SAU CA C MAO T (Article)
A Noun (danh t ) (so t, khong "s")
An Noun (danh t ) (so t, khon "s")
Noun (danh t ) (so t, khong "s")
The
Nouns (danh t ) (so nhieu , co "s")
*V du:-He is a writer (write) (anh a y la mot nha va n)
-We need the cooperation of the public. (cooperate)
(Chu ng to i ca n s co ng tac cu a qua n chu ng)
2. DUNG DANH T KHI NG SAU CA C: TNH T CH NH
This Noun (danh t ) (so t, khong "s")
That Noun (danh t ) (so t, khong "s")
These Nouns (danh t (so nhieu, co "s")
Those Nouns (danh t ) (so nhieu, co "s")
*V du:-This singer sings very well. (sing)
-These drivers are very caarefully. (drive)
3. DANH T NG SAU CA C TNH T S H U
My cu a toi
Your cu a ba n
His cu a anh a y
Her cu a co a y
Its cu a no
Noun
(danh t )
(so t, khong "s")
Our cu a chung to i
Their cu a ho
Whose cu a ai
'S cu a
Of cu a
Nouns
(danh t )
(so nhieu, co "s")
*V du:
To my amazement, he passed the exam easily. (amaze)
(Tha t nga c nhie n oi v i to i, anh ta a u k thi de da ng)
4. DUNG DANH T SAU: MANY, MUCH, A LOT OF, LOTS OF
Many Nouns(e m c, so nhieu, co "s")
Much Noun (khong e m c, kho ng "s")
A lot of = lots of Nouns (e m c, so nhie u, co "s")
A lot of = lots of Nouns (so nhie u, co "s")
One of Nouns (so nhie u, co "s")
Noun (khong e m c, kho ng "s")
Some = any
Nouns(e m c, so nhieu, co "s")
*V du: -There was much excitement before the celebration. (excite)
(co nhie u s ha o h ng tr c buo i le )
EChu y :
*Ta du ng danh t sau ma o t A, An, The; Tnh T Ch nh: this, that, these, those; Tnh T S H u: my, your,
her, his, its, our, their, KHI SAU CHO TRO NG CAN IE N KHO NG CO DANH T
*Thng sau cho trong co the la:

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-Gi i t , dau ca u, lien t , o ng t , ai t nhan xng

BA NG TO M TA T CA N CHU Y
A/AN
THE
THIS
Dau ca u:
Dau cha m, da u pha y
THAT
THESE
THOSE
ong t :
Am,is, are,were,was, go
MY
YOUR
HER
Lie n t :
And, but, because, when, so,as,
while, where,what, why, if
HIS
ITS
OUR
ai t nhan xng:
I, you, we, they, he, she, it
THEIR
WHOSE
MANY
Danh t :
The table, a teacher, my father,
Lan, Alice, Peter, Nam
MUCH
A LOT OF
LOTS OF
SOME/any
Noun (s)
Dung
Danh t
Gii t :
In - on - at - for - from - about - up
- with - without - into - by - of -
off
5. DUNG DANH T KHI NG SAU O NG T THNG:
NEU TRA L I C CAU HO I CA I G (WHAT)
S VERB (o ng t th ng) (the, a, an) Noun
Chu y : Nh ng o ng T ma sau no la Danh T
th ng ga p:
*BUY (bought) +Noun = mua
*FIND (found)+Noun = tm
*BRING (brought) + Noun = mang e n
*WANT (wanted) + Noun = muo n
*V du:
-Money can't buy happiness. (happy)
(Tie n kho ng mua c ha nh phu c)
-They bring excitement to spectators. (excite)
(Chu ng mang e n s ha o h ng cho kha n gia )

6. SAU GI I T DU NG DANH T: (Tr gi i t "TO")
In, on, at, of, off,from, about, with, by, up,
Without, into,
NOUN
(danh t )

*V du:
-I only do it for amusement. (amuse)
(To i ch la m ie u o e vui tho i)
II. V TR GI A DANH T (n) va TNH T (a)
A/ AN
THE
THIS
THAT
THESE
THOSE
MY
YOUR
HER
HIS
ITS
OUR
THEIR
ADJETIVE
(tnh t )
NOUNS

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WHOSE
MANY
MUCH
A LOT OF
LOTS OF
SOME/ any
*V du:
-I have never seen that boring film.(bore)
(To i cha t ng xem bo phim nao buo n nh va y)
III. CA CH DU NG TNH T :
1. TNH R NG SAU CA C
LINKING VERBS
ONG T NO I KE T
BE
Am, is, are,
was, were,
La , th,
Feel
felt
Cam tha y
Look
looked
Trong co ve
Seem
seemed
D ng nh
Become
became
Tr ne n
Smell
smelt
Ngi tha y
Taste
tasted
Ne m
S
Get
got
Tr ne n
Very
Quite
Too
So
Rather

(co the co hoa c khong)
ADJECTIVE
(Tnh T)
*V du:
-She looks very beautiful. (beauty) (Co ta tro ng co ve ra t xinh e p)
2. CA C CA U TRU C A C BIE T THNG GAP CO TNH T
FIND (nhan tha y)
MAKE (la m) S
KEEP (gi)
O
ADJETIVE
(tnh t )
*V du:
-She finds it difficult to learn this lesson. (difficulty)
(Co ta tha y tha t kho kha n e hoc ba i ho c na y)
-He makes me happy. (happily)
(Anh ta la m cho toi vui)
3. TNH T C DU NG SAU 3 CA CH SO SANH:
SO SANH HN - BANG - NHA T
AS + ADJECTIVE + AS
ADJECTIVE - ER + THAN
MORE + ADJECTIVE + THAN
THE ADJECTIVE-EST + NOUN
S BE
THE MAST + ADJECTIVE
*V du:
-She is the most beautiful girl in my class. (beauty)
(Co a y la co ga i e p nha t trong l p to i)
-She is more beautiful than me. (beauty)
(Co a y th e p hn toi)

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4. TNH T (ADJ) VA TRANG T (ADV)
HOW ADJECTIVE (tnh t) S BE!
HOW ADVERB (tra ng t ) S VERB! (o ng t thng)
*V du:
-How beautiful she is! (beauty) (Co a y e p la m sao!)
-How carelessly they drive! (care) (Ho lai xe ba t ca n la m sao!)
IV. CA CH DUNG TARNG5 T (Adverb - Adv)
1. TR C TNH T TA DUNG TRA NG T
BE
LOOK S
FEEL
ADVERB
(trang t )
ADJECTIVE
(tnh t )
*V du:
-She looks surprisingly well. (surprise)
(Co a y tro ng co ve khoe a ng ngac nhie n)
2. DUNG TRA NG T (ADV) SAU ONG T TH NG
-Sau o ng t th ng, ma tra l i c ca u ho i : NH THE NA O (HOW) th ta du ng Tra ng T
S
VERB
(o ng T Th ng)
very
quite
too
so
rather
(co the co hoa c khong co )
Adverb
(trang t )
*V du:
-They work very quietly. (quiet) (Ho la m viec tha t im la ng)
-He drives too carelessly. (careless) (Anh a y la i xe qua bat can)
3. TRANG T NG SAU TA N NG:
(ma tr c ta n ng la ONG T TH NG)
S
VERB
(ong t thng)
OBJECT
(tan ng )
Adverb
(trang t )
*V du:
He drives his car carelessly. (careless)
(Anh ta la i xe hi cua anh ta qua ba t ca n)
V. V TR CU A ONG T (Verb)
1. ONG T NG SAU CHU T (SUBJECT)
+Ca c chu t co the la:
-a i t nha n xng: T, YOU, WE, THEY, HE, SHE, IE
-Danh t : PETER, MARY, LAN, ALICE
-Cu m danh t : MY MOTHER, MY TEACHER, MY FRIEND
*V du:
-She arranged these books. (arrangement) (Co a y sa p xep nhng cuo n sa ch nay)
-Red symbolizes communist countries.(symbol) (Ma u o t ng tng cho ca c n c cong san)
2. SAU GI I T "TO" DUNG ONG T NGUYEN MAU
*V du: -It is difficult for him to decide between the two things. (decision)
(Tha t kho kha n e anh a y quye t nh cho n mo t trong hai th)
3. ONG T NG SAU CA C TRA NG T TAN SUA T
Trang t ta n sua t
always
usually
often
sometimes
seldom
rarely
S
never
VERB
(o ng T Th ng)
OBJECT
(Ta n Ng )

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CHNG III
DANG HOAC TH UNG CUA O NG T
(Correct tense or form of the verbs)
OPHA N I: TENSE (CA C TH)
1. TH HIE N TA I N (Simple Present Tense):
Ne u chu ng kho ng pha i la ngoi th 3 so t th ta la y: S + V

S+V(chia co t 1)
V du :
I go. (To i i)
We go. (Chu ng to i i)
They buy. (ho mua)
You see. (ba n tha y)
Ne u chu ng la ngoi th 3 so t th ta phai cong the m "s" hoac "es" sau o ng t

S + V (the m "s" hoa c "es")
V du : He go + es = He goes (Anh a y i)
She buy + s = She buys (Co a y mua)
Chu y : Nh ng chu ng la ngo i th 3 so t th ng ga p la :
OHe: anh a y, o ng a y (giong c)
(Nh ng chu t na o co the ru t go n tha nh "HE" e u la ngo i th 3 so t)
*V du :
- My father + goes (Cha cu a to i i)
- Your father + goees (Cha cu a ba n i)
- Her teacher + goes (Tha y cu a co a y i)
- His friend + goes (Ba n cu a anh a y i)
Oshe: ch ay, co a y, ba ay (gio ng ca i)
(Nh ng chu ng na o co the ru t go n tha nh "SHE" e u la ngoi th 3 so t)
*V du :
- My mother + goes : me cu a to i i
- Your mother + goes : me cu a ba n i
- Her teacher + gose : Co gia o cu a co a y i
- His friend + goes: ba n cu a anh a y i
OIt: no (giong trung)
(Nh ng t ng na o co the ru t go n tha nh "IT" e u la ngo i th 3 so t)
*V du :
- My class + starts: l p cu a to i ba t a u
- Your car + has: xe hi cu a ba n co
- Her book + has: sach cu a co a y co
- His school + ends: tr ng cu a anh a y ket
thu c
CA CH NHA N BIE T TH HIE N TA I N
Trong ca u thng co ca c trang t ch thi gian sau:
Today = ho m nay
Every day = mo i nga y
Every week = mo i tua n
Every month = mo i tha ng
Every year = mo i na m
Ch ca n co EVERY + v i th i gian la ta du ng th hie n tai n
Cac tra ng t tan sua t (Adverbs of Frequency)
* always = luo n luo n (100%)
* usually = th ng th ng (70%)
* often = th ng (50%)
* sometimes = thnh thoa ng (20%)
* seldom = t khi (2%)
* rarely = hie m khi (2%)
* never = kho ng bao gi (0%)
2. TH HIE N TA I TIE P DIE N (PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE)
(PRESENT CONTINIOUS TENSE)
S + am / is / are + V-
ing

OCA CH NHAN BIE T TH HIE N TA I TIEP DIEN

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+Trong ca u th ng co ca c tra ng t ch thi gian sau:
* at (the) present = ba y gi
* at the moment = va o luc na y
* at this moment = va o luc na y
* at this time = va o lu c na y
* now = ba y gi
* right now = ngay ba y gi
* Listen! = ha y la ng nghe
* Look! = ha y nhn ka
* Be quiet! = ha y gi ye n la ng
CA CH THE M "ING" VA O SAU O NG T :
I. QUI TA C CHUNG:
=Ta ch viec the m "ing" va o sau o ng t o :
V du :
Eat eating
Do doing
Go going
II. QUI TA C RIE NG
1. Neu ong t ma tan cu ng la "e cam" th ta bo "e ca m" trc khi them "ing" pha sau:
=V du:
Receive receiving (nha n)
Provide providing (cung ca p)
Hike hiking (i bo ng da i)
2. Neu ong t co mo t van, co hnh th c : phu a m+nguye n a m+phu a m th ta pha i ga p o i "phu a m cuo i" ro i m i
the m "ing"
=V du:
Stop stopping (d ng lai)
Cut cutting (cat)
Put putting (a t e )
3. Neu ong t co 2 van, ma ho i u 2 ie u kien sau:
_ Co da u nha n na m va n cuoi
_ Va n cuo i co hnh thc : phu a m + nguye n a m + phu a m th ta pha i ga p o i phu am cuo i roi mi the m "ing"
=V du:
Begin beginning (ba t a u)
Prefer preferring (thch hn)
3. TH TNG LAI: (SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE)
S + WILL + (V)
Trong ca u th ng co ca c trang t ch th i gian sau:
Tomorrow = nga y mai
Tonight = toi nay
Next week = tua n ti
Next month = tha ng t i
Next year = na m ti
Next morning = sa ng mai
Next Sunday = chu nha t t i
Soon = cha ng bao la u
In + 2008 = In + na m cha e n
Ghi chu :
^Sau WILL + o ng t nguye n ma u kho ng co "to"
^Ch ca n co next + th i gian la ta du ng th tng lai n
4. TH QUA KH N (SIMPLE PAST TENSE)
S + V-
ed/2

+Trong ca u th ng co ca tra ng t ch th i gian sau:
Yesterday = ho m qua
Last week = tua n tr c
Last month = tha ng tr c
Last year = na m ngoa i
Last Sunday = Chu Nha t tr c
Ago = cach a y
In + na m a qua = in 2000
^Ne u la o ng t co qui ta c th ta the m "ed" pha sau o ng t
^Ne u la o ng t ba t qui tac (tc la kho ng theo qui ta c them "ed") tm o ng t co t 2 trong ba ng o ng t ba t qui tac

10


QUI TA C THE M "ED"
A. QUI TA C CHUNG:
*Ta ca n c viec the m ED vao sau ong t o
V du :
Want wanted (muo n)
Need needed (ca n)
Watch watched (xem)
Miss missed (nh )
B. QUI TAC RIE NG (co 4 qui ta c rie ng)
1.Ne u 1 o ng t ta n cu ng la "e ca m" th ta ch ca n the m "d" va o sau ma tho i.
V du :
Like /laik/ liked (thch)
Love loved (ye u thng)
2. Ne u 1 o ng t ta n cu ng la "y" ma tr c "y" la 1 phu a m th ta o i "y" tha nh "I" ro i m i co ng the m "ed" va o pha
sau.
V du :
Study studied (ho c)
WNhng ne u tr c "y" la 1 nguye n a m (O - A - E - U - I) th ta ch the m "ed" nh bnh thng.
V du :
Stay stayed ( tai)
3. Ne u 1 o ng t co 1 va n co hnh th c: "phu a m - nguye n am - phu a m" th ta phai ga p o i phu a m cuo i ro i m i the m
"ed".
V du :
Stop stopped (d ng la i)
4. Ne u mo t ong t co 2 va n ma ho i u ca 2 ie u kie n sau:
-Va n cuo i co hnh th c: "phu a m - nguye n a m - phu a m"
-Va co da u nha n tro ng a m va n cuo i.
Th lu c o ta phai ga p o i phu a m cuo i ro i m i the m "ed"
Prefer preferred (thch hn)
5. TH QUA KH TIE P DIE N (PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE)
S + WAS/WERE + V-
ING
+Trong ca u th ng co ca c tra ng t ch th i gian sau:
At that moment = va o lu c o
At that time = va o lu c o
At this time yesterday = va o lu c na y ho m
qua
At this time last night = va o luc na y to i ho m
qua
At 4 (5, 6 ) o'clock yesterday = va o lu c 4
(5, 6) gi ho m qua.
All day yesterday = suo t nga y hom qua
*V du :
-She was watching television at this time yesterday.
(Co a y ang xem TV va o lu c nay nga y ho m qua)
+Trong mo t so ca u truc ca u th ng ga p sau:

S + WAS/WERE + V-ING + WHEN + S + V
ED/2 (QUA KH
WHEN + S + V
ED/2 (QUA KH)
, S + WAS/WERE + V-ING
*V du :
-They were having dinner when we came.
(Ho ang a n to i khi chu ng to i e n)
S + WAS/WERE + V-ING + WHILE + S + WAS/WERE + V-ING
WHILE + S+ WAS/WERE + V-ING , S + WAS/WERE + V-ING
*V du :
-They were having dinner while we were watching TV.
(Ho ang a n to i trong khi chu ng to i ang xem TV)

11


6. TH H IE N TAI HOA N THA NH (PRESENT PERFECT TENSE)
S + HAS/HAVE + V
3/ED

I, YOU, WE, THEY + HAVE + V
3

HE, SHE, IT, TE N 1 NGI + HAS + V

3
+Trong ca u th ng co ca c tra ng t sau:
Already = m i v a xong
Before = tr c kia
Ever = a t ng
For = khoa ng
Frequently = th ng xuye n
Just = v a
Many time = nhie u la n
Never = cha t ng
Not yet = cha xong
Recently = ga n a y
Several time = nhie u la n
Since = ke t
So far = cho e n ba y gi
Up till now = cho e n ba y gi
Up to now = cho e n ba y gi
Up to present = cho e n ba y gi
Yet = cha
+Chu y :
"SINCE" = Ke t khi (sau SINCE + moc th i gian)
-since last week = ke t tua n tr c
-since 2005 = ke t na m 2005
-since yesterday = khoa ng 10 na m
S + HAVE/HAS + V
3

(hien
ta i hoa n tha nh) = SINCE + S + V
2(qua kh)
7. TH QUA KH HOA N THA NH (PAST PERFECT TENSE)
S + HAD + V
3/ED
+Th qua kh hoa n tha nh trong ca c cau tru c sau:

S + V
2/ED
+ AFTER +S + had + V
3/ED
AFTER + S + had + V
3/ED
, S + V
2/ED
S + V
2/ED
+ AS SOON AAS + S + had + V
3/ED
*V du : We came after the games had started.
(Chu ng to i en sau khi tra n au a ba t a u)
S + had +V
3/ED
+ BEFORE + S+ V
2/ED
BEFORE + S + V
2/ED
, S + had + V
3/ed
S + had + V
3/ED
+ BY THE TIME + S + V
2/ED

*V du : The games had started before we came.
(Tra n a u a ba t a u tr c kkhi chu ng to i e n)
WHEN + S + V
2/ED
, S + had (already) + V
3/ed
*V du : When we came, the games had already started.
(Khi chu ng to i e n, tra n a u a ba t a u ro i.)
EChu y :
After = sau khi
Before = tr c khi
As soon as = ngay sau khi
By the time = ngay tr c khi
When = khi
PHA N II: GERUND
(O NG T THEM "ING")
I. NHO M O NG T THE M "V-ING"
* admit + V-ing = cha p nha n
* avoid + V-ing = tra nh ne
* be busy + V-ing = ba n
* consider + V-ing = suy xe t
* delay = hoa n lai
* deny = phu nha n
* detest + V-ing = ghe t
* dislike + V-ing = kho ng thch

12


* enjoy + Ving = thch
* fancy + V-ing =thch
* finish + V-ing = ket thu c
* go + V-ing = i
* hate + V-ing = ghe t
* keep + V-ing = tie p tu c
* like + V-ing = thch la m g
* love + V-ing = ye u
* mention + V-ing = e ca p
* mind + V-ing = phie n muo n
* postpone + V-ing = hoa n la i
* prastise + V-ing = luye n ta p
* stop + V-ing = cha m dt
* suggest + V-ing = e ngh

II. CA C CAU TRU C S DUNG ONG T + V-ING
* S + spend + time + V-ing = to n th i gian la m g
* S + look forward to + V-ing = tro ng ch
* S + Be used to + V-ing = quen la m g
* S + get used to + V-ing = quen la m g
Chu y : Sau chu ng ma kho ng co "be" hoa c "get" ma ch co used to th o ng t pha sau nguyen ma u: S +
USED TO + V
III. SAU CA C GI I T DU NG + V-ING
* in, on, at, of, up, about, off, with, + V-ing
* Sau: Before + V-ing (Ne u sau Before kho ng co chu t )
* Sau: After + V-ing (Ne u sau After kho ng co chu t )
PHA N III: GERUND & TO - INFINITIVE
Nhng o ng t v a the m V-ing va v a co TO+V
1. *LIKE + TO + V = want = muo n
*LIKE + V-ing = enjoy = thch
*LIKE + TO + V
(Th ng du ng My du ng like + to c du ng trong ca 2 tr ng h p)
2. *Prefer + TO + V = du ng trong nhng trng h p cu the
Ex: It's a nice day. I prefer to go for a picnic.
(Ho m nay la mot nga y e p tr i. To i thch i picnic hn)
*Prefer + V-ing = ch le th ng hay thoi quen
Ex: My friend prefers going for a picnic.
3. Nhng o ng t sau ay c theo sau va "nguye n ma u co TO" v a "the m ing" ma ngha kho ng thay oi:
*Ba t a u:
+ Begin + to + V
+ Begin + V-ing
*Ba t a u:
+ Start + to + V
+ Start + V-ing
*Tiep tu c:
+ Continue + to + V
+ Continue + V-ing
*D nh:
+ Intend + to + V
+ Intend + V-ing (du ng nhie u hn)

4. Nhng o ng t sau ay c theo sau va "nguye n ma u co TO" v a "the m ing" ma ngha thay o i:
*Nh : chuye n cha e n, cha xa y ra ta + to + V
+ REMEMBER + TO + V
Ex: Remember to turn off the light before going to
bed.
(Ha y nh ta t e n tr c khi i ngu nhe )
*Nh : chuye n a qua, chuye n a xa y ra ro i ta + V-ing
+ REMEMBER + V-ING
Ex: I rmember reading that book last week.
(To i nh a o c cuo n sa ch o tua n tr c)

*Que n: chuye n cha e n, cha xa y ra ta + to + V
+ FORGET + TO + V
Ex: Don't forget to turn off the light before going
to bed.
( ng que n ta t e n tr c khi i ngu nhe )
*Que n: chuye n a qua, chuye n a xa y ra ro i ta + V-
ing
+ FORGET + V-ING
Ex: I forget turning off the light yesterday.
(To i a que n ta t e n ho m qua)
PHA N IV: TO - INFINITIVE
(NGUYE N MA U CO "TO")
I. NHO M O NG T NGUYE N MA U CO "TO" (to - infinitive)
Agree + to +V = o ng y Arrange + to + V = sa p xe p

13


Decide + to + V = quye t nh
Expect + to + V = mong i
Forget + to +V = que n
Intend + to + V = d nh
Manage + to + V = xoay s
Prefer + to + V = thch
Prepare + to + V = chua n b
Promise + to + V = h a
Seem + to + V = d ng nh
Wish + to + V = mong c
II. NHO M CAU TRU C CO ONG T NGUYEN MAU CO "TO"
1. o ng t ye u ca u:
S + advise (khuye n) + O +to + V
S + allow (cho phe p) + O + to + V
S + ask (ye u ca u) + O + to + V
S + get (ye u ca u) + O + to + V
S + order (ra le nh ) + O +to + V
S+ request (o i ho i) + O +to + V
S+ require (ye u ca u) + O+ to +V
S + tell (ba o) + O +to + V
S+ want (muo n) + O + to + V

2. Ca c ca u tru c co du ng o ng t nguye n ma u co "to"
IT + TAKES + O + TIME + TO + V
(Ai mat bao nhie n th i gian e lam g)
S+ BE + AJECTIVE + TO + V
S + USED + TO + V
(a t ng la m g)
PHA N V: BARE - INFINITIVE
(NGUYEN MAU "KHONG TO")
1. Modal Verbs (o ng t khiem khuye t = tnh tha i)
o ng t khie m khuye t hay co n go i la o ng t tnh tha i la 1 tr o ng t ma no cha a y u y ngha. Pha sau no la 1
o ng t nguye n ma u kho ng co "TO".
S + can, may, must, shall, will, should, would, could, might + V
S + can, may, must, shall, will, should, would, could, might + NOT + V
Can, May, Must, Shall, Will, Should, Would, Could, Might + S + V + ?
1. CAN = co the , co kha na ng
o ng t khie m khuye t CAN co qua kh la COULD c dung e ch kha nang (Possibility) , s co the
(Probability) hoa c s cho phe p (Permission).
Sau CAN (COULD) + V (nguye n ma u kho ng "TO")
EX: I can speak English.
(Toi co the no i tie ng Anh)
2. MAY = co le , co the :
o ng t khie m khuye t MAY co qua kh la MIGHT c dung e ch s cho phe p (co tnh cha t trang tro ng va
hnh th c hn CAN va COULD) hoa c ch kha na ng co the xay ra.
EX: May I sit here?
(To i co the ngo i a y c kho ng?)
I may go to Da Lat tomorrow.
(Co the nga y mai to i i a La t.)
3. SHOULD = ne n, pha i
o ng t khie m khuye t SHOULD : du ng e ch s e ngh, cho l i khuye n hoa c no i ve s ba t buo c, ngha vu .
EX: You should study hard.
(Ba n ne n ho c cha m ch)
You shouldn't drink beer.
(Ba n kho ng ne n uo ng bia)
4. MUST = pha i
- Du ng e die n ta s ba t buo c
EX: The children must obey their parents.
(Tre em pha i va ng l i cha me cu a chu ng)
- Du ng e die n ta mo t l i khuye n hoac e ngh c nha n manh.
EX: You must drive carefully.

14


(Ba n pha i la i xe ca n tha n hn)
- Du ng e a ra 1 suy lua n h p l.
EX: You must be tired after the trip.
(Cha c ha n ba n me t sau chuye n i)
5. OUGHT TO = Ne n
- Du ng e die n ta 1 l i e ngh,l i khuye n hoa c 1 bo n pha n
- Ngha cua OUGHT TO gio ng SHOULD va kho ng ma nh bang MUST.
- V i OUGHT TO va SHOULD ta co the l a cho n la m hoa c kho ng la n, nhng MUST se kho ng co s l a cho n.
+AFFERMATIVE FORM (The kha ng nh)
S + OUGHT TO + VERB (nguyen ma u kho ng TO)
Ex : You ought to phone your mother regularly.
(Ba n ne n go i ie n cho ba me ba n th ng xuyen.
+NEGATIVE FORM (The phu nh)
S + OUGHT + NOT + TO + VERB (nguye n mau khong TO)
EX: They ought not to go out.
(Ho kho ng ne n i ra ngoa i)
+INTERROGATIVE FORM (The nghi va n)
OUGHT + S + TO + VERB (nguyen ma u khong TO)?
Ex: Ought they to go out?
(Ho co ne n ra ngoa i kho ng)
- Du ng e a ra 1 suy d0oa n hoa c 1 ke t lua n kho ng qua quye t.
- Trong khi MUST c du ng e a ra ke t lua n cha c cha n kho ng co n nghi ng g ca .
Ex: He ought to be here soon. - He left home at six.
(Le ra anh a y pha i co ma t a y s m - Anh a y a r i nha lu c 6 gi )
2. Nho m ca u truc co ong t nguyen ma u kho ng "to"

*S + MAKE (la m) + + V(n/m khong TO)
*S + LET (e ) + + V(n/m khong TO)

PHA N VI: MO T SO TR NG H P A C BIE T

1.IT IS TIME + S + V
ED/2 (QUA KH)

= e n gi e chu ng ta la m g:
Ex: It's time we went.
(e n gi chu ng ta i ro i)
2. S + WOULD RATHER + S + V
ED/ (QUA KH)

= Ai muo n/ thch ai la m g hn:
Ex: I would rather you did the test well.
(To i thch ba n la m ba i kie m tra to t hn)
3. S + SUGGEST + V-ING
= Ai e ngh ne n la m chuye n g
Ex: I suggest fixing the faucet.
(To i e nghh s a vo i n c)
4. S + SUGGEST + (THAT) + S + SHOULD + V
= Ai e ngh ai ne n la m chuye n g:
Ex: I suggest that we should turn off the faucet.
(To i e ngh ra ng chu ng ta ne n ta t vo i n c)

15


CHNG IV: NG PHAP
(Grammar)

CHU E 1: SO SA NH BA NG
(COMPARISON OF EQUALITY)
Kha ng nh S + V + AS + ADJ/ADV + AS
Phu nh S + V + NOT + SO (AS) + ADJ/ADV + AS
*V du:
1. This girl is tall. Her brother is tall.
This girl is as tall as her brother (is)
(Co ga i na y cao ba ng anh trai cu a co a y)
Chu y :
Ne u o ng t chnh la o ng t a c bie t : BE (am, is, are, was, were) Modal verb (can, may, must, shall, will,
should, wold, cold, might) , th co the co hoa c kho ng pha sau chu ng 2.
2. She speaks English well. Her sister speaks English well.
She speaks English as well as her sister. (does)
(Co a y no i tie ng Anh cu ng gio i nh ch gai cu a co a y)
3. He does not play football well. His classmates play football well.
He does not play football as well as his classmates (do).
(Anh a y kho ng chi bo ng a gio i ba ng ba n hoc cu a anh a y)
Chu y :
Ne u o ng t chnh la o ng t th ng th ta co the m n tr o ng t e a t pha sau chu ng 2: DO, DOES, DID,
hoa c co the khong ca n.
CHU E 2: SO SA NH HN
So Sanh Hn Cu a Tnh T & Trang T
(COMPARATIVE OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS)

TR NG H P 1: SHORT ADJECTIVE (Tnh T Ngan)
S + Be + Short Adjective - er (than)
Ex: She is taller than me. (Co ta cao hn toi)
Chu y :
+Tnh t thong thng
= Young = tre younger = tre hn
= Old = gia older = gia hn
= Small = nho smaller = nho hn
= Tall = cao taller = cao hn
= High = cao higher = cao hn
= Long = da i longer = da i hn
= Short = ngan shorter = nga n hn
+Tnh t ngan ta n cu ng la "E" ch the m "R"
= Large = ro ng l n =larger = ro ng l n hn
= Wide = ro ng= wider = ro ng hn
+Tnh t ngan co da ng "Phu + nguye n + phu "ga p oi phu a m cuo i ro i the m "ER"
= Thin = mo ng= thinner = mo ng hn
= Big = to =bigger = to hn
= Hot = no ng= hotter = no ng hn
+Tnh t 2 va n ma ta n cung la "Y" c xem la tnh t nga n oi "Y" tha nh "I" ro i the m "ER"
= Busy = ba n= busier = ba n hn
= Happy = vui= happier = vui hn
= Pretty = xinh= prettier = xinh hn
= Easy = de =easier = de hn
TR NG H P 2: LONG ADJECTIVE (Tnh T Dai)
S + BE + MORE + LONG ADJ/ADV + THAN

16


Ex:
- This girl is beautiful. That girl is not beautiful.
(Co ga i na y e p. Co ga i kia kho ng e p)
= This girl is more beautiful than that girl.
(Co ga i na y e p hn co ga i kia)
Chu y :
- Tnh t nga n la tnh t ch pha t a m 1 va n.
- Tnh t dai la tnh t pha t a m 2 va n tr le n.
TR NG H P 3:
IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES
(Tnh t ba t qui ta t)

= Well, good = to t = better = to t hn
= Bad, ill = xa u, te , ye u = worse = xa u hn, ye u hn
= Many, much = nhie u = more = nhie u hn
= Little = t = less = t hn
= Far = xa = farther = xa hn (khoa ng ca ch)
Further = xa hn (tr u t ng)

CHU E 3:
SO SA NH NHA T
So sa nh ba c nha t cu a tnh t & tra ng t
(SUPERLATIVE OF ADJECTIVES)
+ TR NG HP 1: SHORT ADJECTIVE (Tnh t nga n)
S + Be + The + Short Adjective - EST
Ex: She is the most highest student in her class.
(Co ta la ho c sinh cao nha t trong l p)
EChu y:
+Tnh t tho ng th ng
- Young = tre younghest = tre nha t
- Old = gia oldest = gia nha t
- Small = nho smallest = nho nha t
- Tall = cao tallest = cao nha t
- High = cao highest = cao nha t
- Long = da i longest = da i nha t
- Short = nga n shortest = nga n nha t
+Tnh t nga n ta n cu ng la "E" ch the m "ST"
- Large = ro ng l n largest = ro ng l n nha t
- Wide = ro ng widest = ro ng nha t
+Tnh t nga n co da ng "Phu + Nguye n + Phu " Ga p oi phu a m cuo i ro i the m "EST"
- Thin = mo ng thinnest = mo ng nha t
- Big = l n biggest = l n nha t
- Hot = no ng hottest = no ng nha t
+Tnh t 2 va n ma ta n cu ng la "Y" c xem la tnh t ngan o i "Y" tha nh "I" ro i the m "EST"
- Busy = ba n busiest = ba n nha t
- Happy = vui happiest = vui nha t
- Pretty = xinh prettiest = xinh nha t
- Easy = de easiest = de nha t
+ TR NG HP 2: LONG ADJECTIVE (Tnh T Da i)
S + BE + THE MOST + LONG ADJ/ADV
Ex: She is the most beautiful girl in her class.
(Co a y la co ga i e p nha t trong l p cu a co a y)
EChu y :
- Tnh t nga n la tnh t ch pha t a m 1 va n
- Tnh t dai la tnh t pha t a m 2 va n tr le n
+ TR NG HP 3:

17


IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES
(Tnh t ba t qui ta c)
Well, good = to t best = to t nha t
Bad, ill = xa u, te , ye u worst = xa u nha t, te nha t, ye u nha t
Many, much = nhie u most = nhie u nha t
Little = t lest = t nha t
Far = xa farthest = xa nha t
CHU E 6:
IT + TAKES
CA U TRU C MA T BAO NHIEU TH I GIAN LA M G

IT + TAKES + O + TIME (thi gian) +TO + V
*V du : (Co ta vie t la th trong vo ng 2 tie ng)
-She writes that letter in two hours.

It takes her two hours to write that letter.
(Co ta ma t 2 tie ng e vie t la th o )
CHU E 7:
CA U HO I UO I
(Tag - Questions)
Ca u ho i uo i la ca u ho i c them va o cuo i ca u.
*QUI TA C HNH THA NH CAU HO I UO I:
1. Ta the m da u pha y va o cuo i ca u thay cho da u cha m ca u cu .
2. a o ng cu a ve a u ra pha sau
3. Ve tr c kho ng "NOT" th ve sau co "NOT" va ng c lai
4. T "NOT" ba t buo c pha i viet da ng ru t go n
5. Chu ng pha tr c la danh t hay cu m t khi a o ng ra pha sau pha i c ru t go n tha nh A I T
NHAN XNG tng ng.
V du :
-You are tall You are tall, aren't you?
-Lan is beautiful Lan is beautiful, isn't she?
-Your father is a teacher Your father is a teacher, isn't he?
-Nam doesn't go to the zoo Nam doesn't go to the zoo, does he?
- Her mother cooks well her mother cooks well, doesn't she?
Chu y :
1. MO T SO DANG VIE T RU T GON CU A "NOT"
-is not = isn't
-are not = aren't
-cannot = can't
-may not = mayn't
-must not = mustn't
-shall not = shan't
-will not = won't
-should not = shouldn't
-would not = wouldn't
-could not = couldn't
-might not = mightn't
-do not = don't
-does not = doesn't
-did not = didn't
-have not = haven't
-had not = hadn't
2. MO T SO TR NG HP BIE N O I O NG T THNG GAP:
*O NG T VE TRC *O NG T SAU UO I
1. is =isn't
2. are =aren't
3. am not =am
4. is not = isn't = is
5. are not = aren't =are
6. will =won't
7. can =can't

18


8. may =mayn't
9. mayn't = may
10. must =mustn't
11. must not = mustn't =must
12. shall =shan't
13. shan't =shall
14. will not = won't =will
15. cannot = can't = can
16. have = don't
17. has = doesn't
18. have not = haven't =have
19. has not = hasn't =has
20. V
2/ed
=didn't
21. was = wasn't
22. were =weren't
23. V =don't
24. V
s
hoa c V
es
=doesn't
25. don't + V =do
26. doesn't + V = does
27. didn't + V =did
28. should = shouldn't
29. shouldn't =should
30. would =wouldn't
31. wouldn't = would
32. could =couldn't
33. couldn't =could
34. might =mightn't
35. mightn't =might
3. MO T SO TR NG H P BIE N O I A C BIE T

1. A nice day, isn't it? (ve a u la ca u ca m tha n)
2. I'm tired, aren't I?
3. Let's go to the zoo, shall we?
4. Don't open your book, will you?
Open your book, will you hoa c won't you?
5. Everyone
Everybody doesn't like him, do they?
Some one comes here early, don't they?
Somebody
No one comes here, do they?
No body
6. Everything is expensive, isn't it?
Something isn't cheap, is it?
Nothing is cheap, is it?

19


CHU E 8:
THE NH KHIE N
(Causative Form)

*Cach o i 1 cau t Causative Active (Nh khien Chu ong) sang Causative Passive(Nh khie n B ong)

CA: S + HAVE + O
1
+ V + O
2

(ng i) (n/m kho ng "to") (va t)

CP: S + HAVE + O
2
+ V
3
+ BY O
1

(va t) (ng i)

Chu y :
Khi oi sang nh khie n b ong BY O
1
co the bo luon
*V du:
-We had someone carry our luggage upstairs
-We had our luggage carried upstairs (by us)
CHU E :9
PASSIVE VOICE
(Ca u B o ng)
*V du :
My mother planted that tree.
S V O

That tree was planted by my mother.
S BE V
3
BY O
ACTIVE VOICE : SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT
(Chu o ng)

PASSIVE VOICE: SUBJECT + BE + V
3
+ BY OBJECT
(B o ng ) (1) (2) (3) (4)
(*) OBJECT = ta n ng ; SUBJECT = chu ng
Chu thch:
Chu ng ta co 4 b c e oi 1 ca u t Chu o ng sang B ong.
B c 1:
+La y "OBJECT" trong ca u chu o ng em xuo ng lam "SUBJECT" trong ca u thu o ng.
- Ne u "OBJECT" la danh t hay cu m t th ta e nguye n em xuo ng .
- Ne u "OBJECT" la 1a i t nha n xng th ta o i nh sau:
"OBJECT"
(Tu c t )
"SUBJECT"
(Chu t )

B c 2:
- Th i ca u chu o ng la g th thi cu a "BE" trong ca u thu o ng th i o
- Ta co the tm th i cu a ca u chu o ng ba ng ca ch nhn va o ong t cu a ca u chu o ng. Va co the tham
kha o ba ng sau:
TH I CU A CAU CHU ONG TH I CU A CAU CHU ONG
1 HIEN TA I (Present) 1 AM/IS/ARE + V
3
ME YOU HIM HER IT US THEM

I YOU HE SHE IT WE THEY

20


2 QUA KH (Past) 2 WAS/WERE + V
3
3 TNG LAI (Future) 3 SHALL BE / WILL BE + V
3

4 ONG T KHIE M KHUYE T
CAN + V
MAY + V
MUST + V
SHALL + V
WILL + V
SHOULD + V
WOULD + V
COULD + V
MIGHT + V
HAVE TO + V
OUGHT TO + V
4
CAN BE + V
3
MAY BE + V
3

MUST BE + V
3

SHALL BE + v
3

WILL BE + V
3

SHOULD BE + V
3

WOULD BE + V
3

COULD BE + V
3

MIGHT BE + V
3

HAVE TO BE + V
3

OUGHT TO BE + V
3

5 HIE N TA I HOA N THA NH
Present Perfect
Has / have + V
3

5 HAS BEEN + V
3
HAVE BEEN + V
3

6 HIE N TA I TIE P DIE N
Present Continuous
Am / is / are + V-
ing

6 AM
IS + BEING + V
3

ARE
7 QUA KH TIE P DIE N
Past Continuous
Was / were + V-
ing

7 WAS / WERE + BEING + V
3

8 TNG LAI GA N
am/is/are + going to + V
8 AM/IS/ARE + GOING TO BE + V
3

B c 3:
- La y o ng t chnh trong ca u chu o ng, a ve da ng Past Participle = (V
3
) trong ca u thu o ng.
- Ne u o ng t co qui tac, th ta pha i the m "ED"
- Ne u o ng t bat qui ta c th ta la y co t 3 trong ba ng o ng t BA T QUI TA C. (ho c thuoc lo ng)
B c 4:
- La y "SUBJECT" trong ca u chu o ng em xuo ng la m "BY OBJECT" trong ca u thu o ng.
- Ne u "Subject" la 1 danh t hay cu m t ta e nguye n em xuo ng.
- Ne u "Subject" la 1:
- a i t nha n xng: I, YOU, WE, THEY, HE, SHE, IT
- Co the o i tha nh: by me, by you, by us, by them, by him, by her, by it
- Hoa c co the bo : by me, by you, by us, by them, by him, by her, by it
- Ca c chu t m ho: Th ta co the bo "BY OBJECT" trong ca u thu o ng.
V du
THEY =ho , ng i ta bo by them
PEOPLE = ng i ta bo by people
SOMEONE = mo t ng i na o o bo by someone
SOMEBODY = mo t ng i na o o bo by somebody
ANYONE = mo t ng i na o o bo by anyone
ANYBODY =mo t ng i na o o bo by anybody
EVERYONE = mo i ng i bo by everyone
EVERYBODY = mo i ng i bo by everybody
NO ONE = kho ng ai bo by no one
NOBODY = kho ng ai bo by nobody
Chu y :
- Khi ga p chu t m ho NO ONE va NOBODY
- sau khi bo ta nh the m "NOT" va o sau "BE" trong ca u thu o ng
V du :
-No one saw Peter at the cinema.
Peter was not seen at the cinema.

21


Chu y :
CA U TRU C PH C TA P CO : TH I GIAN & NI CHO N:

S + BE + V
3
ADV (PLACE) + BY OBJECT + ADJ (TIME)
CHU E 10:
A I T QUAN HE
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE - Me nh e tnh ng HAY RELATIVE PRONOUNS - ai t quan he
CA CH DU NG CA C RELATIVE PRONOUNS
SUBJECT
(Chu t )
OBJECT
(Tu c t )
POSSESSION
(S h u)
FOR PERSONS
(Ng i)
WHO WHOM WHOSE
THINGS,
ANIMALS
(Va t, con va t)
WHICH WHICH WHOSE
(OF WHICH)
1. WHO:
Thay the cho danh t hoa c cu m danh t ch ng i va la m chu t trong ca u pha sau:
V du 1: (a y la ng i a n o ng . Ng i a n o ng la tha y cu a to i)
This is a man. The man is my teacher.
This is the man WHO is my teacher.
V du 2: (Ng i a n o ng ma e n a y ho m qu la tha y cu a to i.)
The man WHO came here yesterday is my teacher.
2. WHOM:
Thay the cho danh t hoa c cu m t ch cg i va la m tu c t trong ca u pha sau:
V du 1: (a y la ng i a n o ng . Ba n ga p o ng a y ho m qua)
This is a man. You met him yesterday.
This is the man WHOM you met yesterday.
V du 2:
The man is my father. You saw the man yesterday.
The man WHOM you saw yesterday is my father.
3. WHICH:
Thay the cho danh t ch thu va t , s viec, va t va la m chu t la n tu c t trong ca u pha sau.
V du 1:
This is a dog. The dog is very big.
This is the dog WHICH is very big.
V du 2:
The dog is very big. The dog stands at the front gate.
The dog WHICH stands at the front gate is very big.
V du 3:
This is a book . You gave me the book yesterday.
This is the book WHICH you gave me yesterday.
4. WHOSE:
Thay the cho Tnh T S H u. (MY, TOUR, HER, HIS, OUR, THEIR) ma ng tr c danh t ch ng i , va t, s
vie c
Whose luo n luo n i ke m v i 1 Danh T
Chu y : WHOSE VA OF WHICH:
Theo van pha m co , th WHOSE ch s s h u du ng cho ng i co n OF WHICH thay cho thu va t, va t, s vie c.
V du 1: (Ng i a n o ng la tha y cu a to i. Con ga i cu a o ng a y la 1 ho c sinh to t)
The man is my teacher. His daughter is a good student.
The man WHOSE daughter is a good student is my teacher.
(Ng i a n o ng ma con ga i cu a o ng a y la 1 ho c sinh to t la tha y cu a to i)
V du 2:

22


The man is a teacher . I like his daughter very much.
The man WHOSE daughter I like very much is a teacher.
V du 3:
The table will be repaired. The legs of the table are broken.
The table the legs of which are broken will be repaired.
5. THAT
A. Nhn chung ta co the du ng THAT e thay the cho WHO, WHOM, WHICH
B. Kho ng c du ng THAT trong ca c tr ng h p sau:
1. Sau 1 gi i t :
Ex: The dog is very big and angry . I gave a bone to it.
The dog to which I gave a bone is a very big and angry.
Chu y :
Ne u muo n du ng "THAT" th ta em gi i t ra pha sau
2. Trong me nh e kho ng gi i ha n:
NON-RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE
C. Ba t buo c du ng THAT:
Sau 1 tie n tr t ho n h p : (ng i va t la n lo n)
(MIXED ANTECEDENT)
Ex: The old man and two dogs made much noise . They passed my house yesterday.
The old man and two dogs that I passed my house yesterday made much noise.
Sau 1 tnh t cc ca p (so sa nh ba c nha t = SUPERLATIVE)
Trong ca u th ng co THE BEST va THE MOST.
Ex: This is the most beautiful dress that I have.
-Sau ca c t sau:
ALL, EVERY, VERY, ONLY, FIRST, LAST, MUCH, LITTLE, SOME, ANY, NO
Ex1: He reads every book that he can borrow.
Ex 2 : You are only person that can help me.
Sau "IT + BE + THAT = chnh la "
Ex: It is my friend that wrote this sentence.
Sau a i T Nghi Va n (INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS)
WHO va WHAT?
Ex 1: Who is she that you say hello?
Ex 2 : What is it that makes tou sad?
RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE = DEFINING CLAUSE
(Me nh e gi i ha n)
Mo t me nh e tnh ng go i la gi i ha n khi na o no ca n thie t cho y ngha cua ca ca u. . Ne u bo no i th ca u se kho ng
a y u y ngha.
Chu y trong tr ng h p nay gi a me nh e chnh va me nh e tnh ng kho ng co dau phay (,)
Ex: The book waas interesting . I bought it yesterday.
The book which I bought yesterday was interesting.
NON-RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE
= NON - DEFINING CLAUSE
(Me nh e kho ng gi i ha n)
Me nh e tnhng kho ng gi i ha n la me nh e kho ng ca n thie t cho cau . Ne u bo no i th me nh e chnh va n co n u
y ngha . No ch the m va o me nh e chnh 1 t chi tie t ma tho i.
Chu y :
Gi a me nh e chnh va me nh e kho ng gi i ha n co dau phay (,)
Ex 1: an Tr ng is a famous singer. I admire him very much .
an Tr ng, who I admire him very much, is a famous singer.
Ex2: His sister lives in Paris . She speaks French.
His sister, who lives in Paris, speaksFrench.
Chu y :
Th ng ta du ng da u phay (,) sau:
- Danh t rie ng.
- Tnh t s h u : my, your, his, her, our, their

23


- Kho ng du ng THAT trong me nh e kho ng gii ha n.
CHU E 11:
CA U TRU C: "MAKE"

S+ MAKE + O + V (kho ng "to")
Chu y :
Tho ng th ng ng i ta th ng cho ca u co ch a "Because of" e o i ve ca u tru c Make.
V du :
-(Ho c i nhie u bi v nh ng anh he )
They laughed a lot because of the clowns
The clowns made them laugh a lot.
(Nh ng anh he la m cho ho c i nhie u)
Ca ch la m:
- Bo because of
- La y Cu m t sau Because of la m chu ng
- Xem o ng t chnh cu a ca u cu lath g th cho Mske th o
- La y chu t ca u cu o i tha nh ta n ng e a t sau Make
Chu y :
I me
You you
He him
She her
It it
We us
They them
La y o ng t ca u cu o i thanh nguye n ma u kho ng "to" ro i at sau ta n ng cua ca u m i.
CHU E 12:
O I "BECAUSE" SANG "BECAUSE OF"
Chu y :
- Sau "BECAUSE" la 1 me nh e (Clause = co S + V)
- Sau "BECAUSE OF" la 1 cu m danh t
(Non Phrase = Kho n S + V)
Thng co 4 dang c ban sau:
+Da ng 1:
BECAUSE + THE + NOUN + BE + ADJ
BECAUSE OF + THE + ADJ + NOUN
V du :
-We can't go to school today because the weather is bad.
We can't go to the school today because of the bad weather.
+Da ng 2:
BECAUSE + Tnh t s h u + NOUN + BE + ADJ
BECAUSE OF + Tnh t s hu + ADJ + NOUN
V du :
-He couldn't run very fast because his led was bad.
He couldn't run very fast because of his bad leg.
GHI CHU : TNH T S H U (my, your, her, his, its, our, their)
+Da ng 3:
BECAUSE + a i t nha n xng + BE + ADJ
BECAUSE OF + Tnh t s hu + NOUN
GHI CHU : TNX - A I T NHA N XNG TTSH - TNH T S H U
TNX: T YOU HE SHE IT WE THEY
TTSH: MY YOURE HIS HER ITS OUR THEIR
V DU :
-Mary doesn't go to school because she is ill.
Mary doen't go to school because of her illness.

24


+Da ng 4:
S
1
+ V BECAUSE + S
2
+ V
S
1
+ V BECAUSE OF + V-
ING
...
Chu y :
Ne u chu ng ve a u gio ng chu ng ve sau ta co the la m nh sau:
- Bo chu ng ve sau
- La y o ng t ve da ng V -ing
V du :
- Mary doesn't go to school because she is ill.
Mary doesn't go to school because of being ill
CHU E 13:
THOUGH = ALTHOUGH IN SPITE OF = DESPITE
(Mac Du )
Chu y : Ca ch la m gio ng nh : Because Because Of
* Sau "ALTHOUGH" "EVEN THOUGH" la 1 me nh e (Clause)
* Sau "IN SPITE OF" "DESPITE" la cu m danh t (Noun phrase)
Ex: Although she is very beautiful , she is very modest.
In spite of her beauty , she is very modest.
CHU E 14:
ENOUGH TO
(u e ma )

S + V + ADJECTIVE / ADVERB + ENOUGH + TO + V
V du :
-Mary is very old . She can see that film.
(Mary th l n, co ta co the xem bo phim o )
Mary is old enough to see that film.
(Mary l n u e xem bo phim o )
ie u kie n du ng:
-Ta du ng enough to khi chu ng ca u a u va chu ng ca u sau gio ng nhau (S
1
= S
2
)
-Va t le thua n: tc la va n e kho ng NOT , ve sau kho ng NOT co n ve a u co NOT th ve sau co NOT.
Ca ch ke t h p:
- a t ENOUGH TO ngay gi a 2 ca u.
- Bo chu t ca u sau.
- Bo CAN (CAN'T) hoa c COULD (COULDN'T)
- Sau o ghi tie p pha n co n la i.
Chu y :
Bo : VERY, TOO, SO ne u co tr c tnh t hoa c tra ng t ve a u ne u co .
CHU E 15:
ENOUGH FOR TO
(u cho ai e la m g)

S + V + ADJ/ADV + ENOUGH + FOR + O + TO + V
V du :
- The film is very interesting . We can see it.
(Bo phim th ra t hay . Chu ng toi co the xem no .)
The film is interesting enough for us to see .
(Bo phim th hay u cho chu ng toi xem)
ie u kie n du ng:
- Ta du ng ENOUGH FOR TO khi chu ng ca u a u va chu ng ca u sau KHA C nhau (S
1
= S
2
)
- Chu t ca u a u tng ng v i ta n ng ca u sau ( S1 O 2 )

25


- Va t le thua n: tc la ve a u khong NOT, ve sau kho ng NOT co n ve a u co NOT th ve sau co NOT.
Ca ch ke t h p:
- a t ENOUGH FOR ngay gi a 2 ca u.
- o i chu t ca u sau tha nh ta n ng :
I me ; You you ; He him ; She her ; It it ; We us ; They them
Danh t e nguye n kho ng tahy o i.
- o i CAN (CAN'T ) hoa c COULD (COULDN'T) tha nh TO
- Sau o ghi tie p pha n co n la i
- Va bo ta n ng ca u sau : th ng la IT , THEM , HER , HIM
Chu y :
Bo : VERY , TOO , SO ne u co tr c tnh t hoa c tra ng tha i t ve a u ne u co .
CHU E 16:
TOO TO
(Qu a kho ng the )

S + V + TOO + ADJECTIVE / ADVERB + TO + V
V du :
-Mary is very young . She can't see that film.
(Mary th ra t nho . Co ta kho ng the xem bo phim o )
Mary is too young to see that film.
(Mary th qua nho e xem bo phim o )
ie u kie n du ng:
- Ta du ng TOO TO khi chu ng ca u a u va chu ng ca u sau gio ng nhau. (S
1
= S
2
)
- Va t le nghch: tc la ve a u kho ng NOT, ve sau co NOT.
- Co n ve a u co NOT th ve sau kho ng co NOT.
Ca ch ke t h p:
- a t TOO tr c tnh t hoa c tra ng t .
- a t TO sau tnh t hoa c tra ng t (t c ngay gi a 2 ca u)
- Bo chu t ca u sau
- Bo (CAN'T) hoa c (COULDN'T) ca u sau.
Chu y :
Bo : VERY , TOO , SO ne u co tr c tnh t hoa c tra ng t ve a u ne u co .
CHU E 17:
TOO FOR TO
(Qu a cho ai kho ng the )

S + V + TOO + ADJ / ADV + FOR + O + TO + V
V du :
- The film is very boring . We can't see it.
(Bo phim th ra t nha m cha n . Chu ng toi kho ng the xem no )
The film is too boring for us to see.
(Bo phim qua nha m cha n cho chu ng toi xem)
ie u kie n du ng:
- Ta du ng TOO FOR TO khi chu ng ca u a u va chu ng ca u sau khac nhau (S
1
= S
2
)
- Chu t ca u a u tng ng v i ta n ng ca u sau.
- Va t le nghch: tc la ve a u kho ng NOT, ve sau co NOT va ng c la i.
Ca ch ke t h p:
- a t TOO tr c tnh t hoa c tra ng t cu a ca u a u.
- a t FOR ngay gi a 2 ca u.
- o i chu t ca u sau tha nh ta n ng :
I me ; You you ; She her ; It it ; We us ; They them

26


Danh t e nguye n.
- o i CAN'T hoa c COULDN'T tha nh TO.
- Va bo ta n ng ca u sau : th ng la IT , THEM , HER , HIM
Chu y : Bo : VERY , SO ne u co tr c tnh t hoa c tra ng t ve a u ne u co .
CHU E 18:
SO THAT
(Qu a e n no i)

S + V + SO + ADJ/ADV + THAT +CLAUSE
V du :
- The film is very interesting . We can see it many time.
The film is so interesting that we can see it many times.
(Bo phim th hay e n no i ma chu ng toi co the xem no nhieu la n)
CHU E 19:
SUCH THAT
(Qu a e n no i)

S + V + SUCH + a (an) ADJ/ADV + NOUN + THAT + CLAUSE
V du :
- It is an interesting film . We can see it many times.
It is such an interesting film that we can see it many times.
(o la bo phim hay e n noi ma chu ng to i co the xem no nhie u la n)
CHU E 20:
O I SO THAT VE SUCH THAT

S+ V + SO + ADJ/ADV + THAT + CLAUSE
S + V + SUCH + a (an) ADJ/ADV + NOUN + THAT + CLAUSE
Ca ch bie n o i:
- La y danh t sau THE a t pha sau tnh t tr c THAT.
- Xem danh t o ne u so t e m c, ta cho A hoa c AN sau SUCH
- Ta du ng A khi tnh t ba t a uba ng phu a m.
- Ta du ng AN khi tnh t ba t a u ba ng Nguye n A m : O - A - E - U - I - H ca m
V du :
- an interesting ; an easy ; an unhappy ; an old ; an amusing
The film is so interesting that we can see it.
It is such an interesting film that we can see it.
CHU E 21:
O I SUCH THAT VE SO THAT

S + V + SUCH + a (an) ADJ/ADV + NOUN + THAT + Clause
S + V + SO + ADJ/ADV + THAT + Clause
V du :
It is such an interesting film that we can see it.
The film is so interesting that we can see it.
Ca ch bie n o i:
- La y danh t TR C THAT them THE e a t a u ca u
- o i SUCH ve SO
- Bo A hoa c AN ve sau SUCH ne u co

27


- Ch gi la i tnh t a t gi a SO va THAT
- T sau THAT ghi lai.
CHU E 22:
SO MANY/SO MUCH THAT SUCH A LOT OF

tr ng hp 1: So much & So many Such a lot of
chu y : ta ch ca n la y SO MUCH & SO MANY o i tha nh SUCH A LOT OF
v du :
-He drinks so much wine that he can be ill.
(Anh ta uo ng qua nhie u r u e n noi anh ta co the b be nh)
He drinks such a lot of wine that he can be ill.
V du :
-She has so many exercises that she can't finish them.
(Co ta co nhie u bai ta p e n noi co ta kho ng the hoa n tha nh chu ng)
She has such a lot of exercises that she can't finished them.
Tr ng h p 2: Such a lot of So much & So many
Chu y ;
Th ng khi o i t SUCH A LOT OF sang SO MUCH va SO MANY ta ca n pha i:
Xem danh t sau A LOT OF ne u co "S" tc SO NHIE U E M C TH TA DU NG SO MANY.
Co n ne u danh t sau A LOT OF kho ng co "S" th ta du ng SO MUCH.
Nhng nh ng danh t sau a y kho ng co "S" ma c du ng SO MANY:
People (ng i ta) So many people
Children (tre con) So many children
Men (nh ng ng i a n o ng) So many men
Women (nh ng ng i a n ba ) So many women
Nhng: nh ng danh t th ng nha m
Money (tie n) So much money
Time (th i gian) So much time
V du :
-She has such a lot of homework that she can't finish it
She has so much homework that she can't finish it.
V du :
- He has such a lot of students that he can't remember their names.
He has so many students that he can't remember their names.
CHU E 23:
O I: TOO ENOUGH
V du :
- I am too young to see thaat film.
(To i qua nho e xem bo phim o )
I am not old enough to see that film.
(To i kho ng l n u e xem bo phim o )
V du :
- The film is too boring for us to see that film.
The film is not interesting enough for us to see.
Ca ch bie n o i
- Ta o i: TOO + Adj/Adv Not + tra i ngha cu a ADJ/ADV + Enough.
- Chu y mo t so tnh t tra i ngha th ng ga p:

+ SO MANY + NOUN
(EM C)
+ THAT + CLAUSE
+ SO MUCH + NOUN
(KHONG EM C)
+ THAT + CLAUSE
SUCH A LOT OF + NOUN + THAT + CLAUSE

28


Tnh T Tra i Ngha
1 Bad : Xa u # Good, fine : To t, e p
2 Beautiful : e p # Ugly Xa u x
3 Big : B , l # Small Xa u x
4 Bored : Buo n te # Amused,
excited
Vui
5 Boring : Buo n cha n # Interesting : Hay, ha p da n
6 Bright : Sa ng # Dark : To i
7 Busy : Ba n ro n # Free : Ra nh ro i
8 Careful(ly) : Ca n tha n # Careless(ly) : Ba t ca n
9 Cheap : Re # Expensive : Ma c, a t tie n
10 Clever : Khe o le o # Silly, stupid : Ng nga n
11 Cloudy : Co ma y # Couldless : Kho ng co ma y
12 Cold : La nh le o # Hot : No ng
13 Coll : Ma t me # Warm : A m
14 Difficult : Kho # Easy : De
15 Difficulty : Kho # Easily : De
16 Dirty : Ba n thu # Clean, pure : Sa ch, trong la nh
17 Dry : Kho # Wet : t
18 Early : S m # Late : Tre
19 Easy : De # Hard, difficult : Kho
20 Empty : Tro ng kho ng # Full : a y
21 Excited : Hay # Bored : Buo n, d
22 Exciting : Hay # Boring, bad : Buo n, d
23 Far : Xa # Near : Ga n
24 Fast : Nhanh # Slow : Cha m cha p
25 Free : Ra nh ro i # Busy : Ba n
26 Good : To t, gio i # Bad : D , te , xa u
27 Happy : Vui # Sad, bored : Buo n
28 Hard : C ng, kho # Soft, easy : Me m, de
29 High : Cao # Low : Tha p
30 Hot : No ng # Cold : La nh
31 Hungry : o i # Full : No
32 Interesting : Hay # Bering, bad : Buo n, d
33 Large : L n # Small : Nho
34 Late : Tre , khuya # Early : S m
35 Lazy (lazily) : L i bie ng # Hard : Sie ng na ng
36 Light : Nhe # Heavy : Na ng
37 Light : Sa ng # Dark : To i, sa m
38 Long : Da i # Short : Nga n
39 Near : Ga n # Far : Xa
40 New : M i # Old : Cu
41 Noisy
(noisily)
: O n a o # Quiet (quietly) : Ye n tnh
42 Old : Cu , gia # New, young : M i, tre
43 Polluted : O nhie m # Pure : Trong la nh
44 Poor : Nghe o # Rich : Gia u
45 Quick(ly) : Nhanh # Slow(ly) : Cha m
46 Quiet : Ye n tnh # Noisy : O n a o
47 Right : u ng # Wrong : Sai
48 Sad : Buo n # Happy,
amused
: Vui
49 Short : Nga n, tha p # Long, tall : Da i, cao

29


50 slow(ly) : cha m # Quick(ly) : Nhanh
51 Soft : Me m # Hard : C ng
52 Strong : Ma nh # Weak, ill : Ye u, be nh
53 True : u ng # Untrue, false : Sai
54 Warm : A m # Cool : Ma t
55 Well : Gio i # Badly : D , te
56 Wrong : Sai # Right, true : u ng

CHU E 24:
O I: ENOUGH TO VE SO..THAT
V du :
- Mary is a good enough to understand this lesson.
(Mary th gio i u e hie u bai hoc na y.)
Mary is so good that she can understand this lesson.
(Mary th gio i e n no i ma co ta co the hie u ba i hoc na y.)
Ca ch bie n o i:
- a t SO tr c tnh t hoa c tra ng t.
- Bo ENOUGH TO va thay cho ba ng THAT
- La y chu ng ca u a u a t sau THAT. Nh rut go n tha nh a i t nha n xng chu ng ne u la danh t hay cu m t.
- The m CAN (can't) hoa c COULD (couldn't) va o chu ng 2.
- Ne u o ng t pha tr c hie n ta i kho ng co NOT sau them CAN
- Ne u o ng t pha tr c hie n ta i co NOT sau the m CAN'T
- Ne u o ng t pha tr c qua kh kho ng NOT sau the m COULD
- Ne u o ng t pha tr c qua kh co NOT sau the m COULDN'T
CHU E 25:
O I : ENOUGH FOR TO VE SO THAT
V du :
The lesson is easy enough for her to understand.
(Ba i ho c th de u cho co a y hie u)
The lesson is so easy that she can understand ie.
(Ba i ho c th de e n no i ma co a y co the hie u no )
Ca ch bie n o i:
- a t SO tr c tnh t hoa c tra ng t.
- Bo ENOUGH FOR oi tha nh chu ng .:
me I; you you ; her she ; him he ; it it
us we ; themthey
- Bo TO thay ba ng Can (can't) hoa c (couldn't) sau chu ng 2.
- Ne u o ng t pha tr c hie n ta i kho ng NOT sau the m CAN
- Ne u o ng t pha tr c hie n ta i co NOT sau the m CAN'T
- Ne u o ng t pha tr c qua kh kho ng NOT sau the m COULDN'T.
- The m Ta n Ng 2 va o ca u sau ba ng cach i63 chu ng 1 tha nh Ta n Ng ; th ng la: IT , THEM , HER , HIM
CHU E 26:
O I TOO TO VE SO THAT
V du :
- Mary is too young to see that film.
(Mary th qua nho e xem bo phim o )
Mary is so young that she can't see that film.
(Mary th nho e n no i ma co a y kho ng the xem bo phim o)
Ca ch bie n o i:
- o i TOO tha nh SO
- o i TO tha nh THAT
- La y chu ng ca u a u a t sau THAT. Nh rut go n tha nh a i t nha n xng chu ng ne u la danh t hay cu m t .

30


- The m CAN'T hoa c COULDN'T va o sau chu ng 2.
- Ne u o ng t pha tr c hie n ta i sau the m CAN'T
- Ne u o ng t pha tr c qua kh sau the m COULDN'T.
- Sau o ghi pha n co n la i.
CHU E 27:
O I : TOO FOR TO VE SO THAT
V du :
- The lesson is difficult for her to understand.
(Ba i ho c th qua kho cho co ta hie u)
The lesson is so difficult that she can't understand it.
(Ba i ho c th kho e n no i ma co ta kho ng the hie u no )
Ca ch bie n o i:
- o i TO tha nh SO
- La y FOR tha nh THAT
- La y ta n ng sau FOR o i tha nh chu ng :
me I ; you you ; her she ; him he ; it it ;
us we ; them they
- o i TO tha nh CAN'T hoa c COULDN'T
- Ne u o ng t pha tr c hie n ta i sau the m CAN'T
- Ne u o ng t pha tr c qua kh sau the m COULDN'T
- The m ta n ng 2 ca o ca u sau ba ng ca ch o i chu ng 1 tha nh ta n ng ; th ng la : IT , THEM , HER , HIM
H NG DA N PHA T A M HE KY HIE U PHIEN A M QUOC TE
20 Nguye n A m n Va o i
STT K HIE U PAQT CA CH PHA T AM
TNG T NG
A M TIE NG VIE T
V DU
1 / i / o c nh "i " ke o da i See /si:/
2 / I / o c nh "i' nga n Sit /sit/
3 / e / o c nh "e" nga n Ten / ten/
4 / / M mie ng o c ro ng
"a" ma o c "e"
Hat / ht /
5 / a: / o c nh "a" ke o da i Car / ka: /
6 / o c nh "o" nga n Hot
7 o c nh "o"ke o da i Saw
8 o c nh "u" hi
gio ng ""
Book
9 o c nh "u" ke o da i Too
10 o c nh "a " hoa c
"a "
But
11 o c nh "" trong co
ke o da i
Her
o c nh :O nga n
nhe
Farmer
o c nh 'e" hoa c "a y
ke o da i
Day
o c nh "" sang
"u" "o " , "a u"
No
o c nh "ai" By
o c nh "ao" How
o c nh "oi" Boy
o c nh :ia- " Here
o c nh "e " Where
o c nh "ua- " tour

31


24 PHU AM
CA CH PHA T AM TNG T
NG A M TIE NG VIE T
V DU
o c nh"ph" hai mo i ba t Pen
o c nh "b":con bo By
o c nh "t" nhng hi gio ng "th" Tea
o c nh "" Do
o c nh "kh" nhe Car
o c nh "g", "gh" Get
o c nh "s": chim se She
o c nh "gi"uo n l i Leisure
o c nh "ch"uo n l i Chair
o c nh "gi" hi gio ng "ch" June
o c nh "ph" ra ng tre n mo i d i

130 IRREGULAR VERBS
(130 o ng T Bat Qui Ta c Th ng Du ng )
PRESENT
(hien tai)
V
1
PAST
(qua kh)
V
2
PAST PARTICIPLE
(qua kh phan t )
V
3
PRESENT PARTICIPLE
(hien tai phan t)
V-
ING
MEANINGS
(ngha)
1 Be (am, is, are) Was / were Been Being Th, la
2 Bear Bore Born Bearing Sinh, chu ng
3 Beat Beat Beaten Beating a p, a nh
4 Become Became Become Becoming Tr ne n
5 Begin Began Begun Beginning Ba t a u
6 Bend Bent Bent Bending Uo n cong
7 Bet Bet Bet Betting a nh cuoc
8 Bind Bound Bound Binding La m dnh va o
9 Bite Bit Bit(ten) Biting Ca n, ngoa m
10 Bleed Bled Bled Bleeding La m cha y ma u
11 Blow Blew Blown Blowing Tho i
12 Break Broke Broken Breaking a p v , be ga y
13 Breed Bred Bred Breeding Sanh, nuo i, da y
14 Bring Brought Brought Bringing Mang, em
15 Broadcast Broadcast Broadcast Broadcasting Truye n thanh
16 Build Built Built Building Xa y d ng
17 Burn Burnt Burnt Burning o t cha y
18 Butst Burst Burst Bursting No , bu ng le n
19 Buy Bought Bought Buying Mua
20 Cast Cast Cast Casting Lie ng, tha y
21 Catch Caught Caught Catching Ba t c
22 Choose Chose Chosen Choosing Cho n l a
23 Come Came Come Coming e n
24 Cost Cost Cost Costing Ttr gia
25 Creep Crept Crept Creeping Bo , leo
26 Cut Cut Cut Cutting Ca t
27 Dig Dug Dug Digging a o
28 Do Did Done Doing La m
29 Draw Drew Drawn Drawing Ru t ve , ve
30 Dream Dreamt Dreamt Dreaming M mo ng
31 Drink Drank Drunk Drinking Uo ng
32 Drive Drove Driven Driving La i xe
33 Eat Ate Eaten Eating A n

32


34 Fall Fell Fallen Falling Ri, te
35 Feed Fed Fed Feeding Nuo i, cho a n
36 Feel Felt Felt Feeling Ca m tha y
37 Fight Fought Fought Fighting Chie n a u
38 Find Found Found Finding Tm ra
39 Fly Flew Flown Flying Bay
40 Forget Forgot Forgotten Forgeting Que n
41 Forgive Forgave Forgiven Forgiving Tha th
42 Found Founded Founded Founding Tha nh la p
43 Freeze Froze Frozen Freezing o ng la nh
44 Get Got Got Getting c, tr ne n
45 Give Gave Given Giving Cho
46 Go Went Gone Going i
47 Grow Grew Grown Growing Mo c, tro ng
48 Hang Hung Hung Hanging Treo, mo c
49 Have / has Had Had Having Co
50 Hear Heard Heard Hearing Nghe
51 Hide Hid Hid Hiding A n tro n
52 Hit Hit Hit Hitting u ng, a p
53 Hold Held Held Holding Ca m, gi
54 Hurt Hurt Hurt Hurting La m au
55 Inlay Inlaid Inlaid Inlaying Ca n, kha m
56 Keep Kept Kept Keeping Gi , cam
57 Knit Knit Knit Knitting an, ng
58 Know Knew Known Knowing Hie u, bie t
59 Lay Laid Laid Laying a t, e
60 Lead Led Led Leading Da n, a
61 Learn Learnt Leant Learning Ho c
62 Leave Left Left Leaving Ra i, bo
63 Lend Lent Lent Lending Cho m n
64 Let Let Let Letting e cho
65 Lie Lay Lain Lying Na m
66 Lie Lied Lied Lying No i do i
67 Light Lighted (lit) Lighted (lit) Lighting Tha p sa ng
68 Lose Lost Lost Losing Ma t
69 Make Made Made Making La m, che ta o
70 Mean Meant Meant Meaning Y muo n no i
71 Meet Met Met Meeting Ga p
72 Mistake Mistook Mistaken Mistaking La m nha m
73 Pay Paid Paid Paying Tra tie n
74 Put Put Put Putting a t, e
75 Read Read Read Reading o c
76 Rebuild Rebuilt Rebuilt Rebuilding Xa y la i
77 Rend Rent Rent Rending Xe na t
78 Rent Rented Rented Renting Cho m n
79 Reset Reset Reset Resetting a t la i, a p la i
80 Retell Retold Retold Retelling Ke la i
81 Ride Rode ridden Riding i xe, c i
82 Ring Rang Rung Ringing Rung chuo ng
83 Rise Rose Risen Rising Mo c, no i le n
84 Run Ran Run Running Cha y
85 Say Said Said Saying No i
86 See Saw Seen Seeing Tro ng tha y

33


87 Seek Sought Sought Seeking Tm soat
88 Sell Sold Sold Selling ba n
89 Send Sent Sent Sending G i
90 Set Set Set Setting La n (ma t tr i)
91 Sew Sewed Sewn Sewing May, kha u
92 Shake Shook Shaken Shaking Va y, bat tay
93 Shine Shone Shone Shining Chie u sa ng
94 Shoot Shot Shot Shooting Ba n
95 Show Showed Shown Showing Ch cho xem
96 Shut Shut Shut Shutting o ng
97 Sing Sang Sung Singing Ca, ha t
98 Sit Sat Sat Sitting Ngo i
99 Sleep Slept Slept Sleeping Ngu
100 Slide Slid Slid(den) Sliding Trn, tr t
101 Smell Smelt Smelt Smelling Ng i, bo c mu i
102 Speak Spoke Spoken Speaking No i
103 Speed Sped Sped Speeding Giuc i mau
104 Spell Spelt Spelt Spelling a nh va n
105 Spend Spent Spent Spending Tie u xa i, ngh
106 Spoil Spoilt Spoilt spoiling La m h ho ng
107 Spread Spread Spread Spreading Lan, tra i ra
108 Stand Stood Stood Standing ng
109 Steal Stole Stolen Stealing A n ca p
110 Swear Swore Swore Swearing The tho t
111 Sweep Swept Swept Sweeping Que t
112 Swim Swam Swum Swimming Bi lo i
113 Swing Swung Swung Swinging a nh u
114 Take Took Taken Taking La y, em, da n
115 Teach Taught Taught Teaching Da y
116 Tear Tore Torn Tearing Xe ra ch
117 Tell Told Told Telling No i, ke , ba o
118 Think Thought Thought Thinking Suy ngh, t ng
119 Throw Threw Thrown Throwing Lie ng, ne m
120 Understand Understood Understood Understanding Hie u bie t
121 Wake Woke Woken Waking (a nh) th c
122 Wear Wore Worn Wearing Mang, ma c, o i
123 Weave Wove Woven Weaving De t, ke t la i
124 Wed Wedded Wedded , wed Wedding Ke t ho n
125 Weep Wept Wept Weeping Kho c n c n
126 Win Won Won Winning Chie n tha ng
127 Wind Wound Wound Winding Tho i
128 Withdraw Withdrew Withdrawn Withdrawing Ru t lui
129 Wound Wounded Wounded Wounding La m b thng
130 Write Wrote Written Writing vie t

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