Types of Computers

1. Mainframe Computers 2. Mini Computers 3. Micro Computers 4. Super Computers Mainframe Computers work at a high speed, and have a high storage capacity Mini Computers are medium and powerful Computers. Micro Computer are the commonly used as general purpose Computer Data Storage in a Computer 1. 4bits = 1 Nibble 2. 8bits = 1 byte 3. 1024 bytes = 1k or 1kb (kilobyte) 4. 1024KB = 1MB (mega byte) 5. 1024MB = 1GB (Gega byte) 6. 1024GB = 1TBC Terabytes Organization of Computer: 1. Arithmetic and Logical unit 2. Memory unit 3. Control unit 4. Input unit 5. Output unit The Input and Output units are used to receive and display Inputs & Solutions Common i/p & o/p devices : Keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer The CPU (Central Processing Unit) Consists of. 1. ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) 2. CU (Control Unit) 3. MU (Memory Unit) 1. The Control Unit Controls all the activities of the Computer. It sends commands and control signals and finds the sequence of instruction to be executed. 2. Memory Unit is the place where all input data and results are stored. Computer memory is also available in the form of Random Access Memory (RAM) 3. ALU Consists of CKTs for arithmetic operations(+,-,*,/) and logical operations (<,>,>=,<=,==,!=) Connected components of CPU are called peripherals

Storage Devices : 1. Floppy disk 2. Hard disk 3. Compact disk Computer Main Memory : Primary memory RAM (Random Access memory) Secondary memory ROM (Read only memory) Hard disk RAM : It is a temporary storage medium in a computer. The data to be processed by the computer are transferred from a storage devices or a keyboard to RAM results from a executed program are also stored in RAM. The data stored will be erased when the computer is off. ROM (Read only Memory) : This is a non-volatile or data storage medium which stores start up programs (operating systems). This essentially stores the BIOS (Basic Input Operating System) Note : Basically Computer System components communicate it binaries as (0s & 1s, 0 refers OFF state,1 refer ON state) Languages of different Generation Computer. 1. First Generation Language : All the instructions are in the binary form and are referred to as machine level or low level language (LLL). It is very difficult to read the instructions written in binary Eg : 00110101011101110001, 101100001010101 2. Second Generation Language: all the instruction are in the forms of mnemonics. The symbolic instruction language called as Assembly Language. All the symbolic instructions are converted into binaries with the help of translator called Assembles. ASCII (American Standard Code For Information Interchange) is commonly used for translation of source Program into object program