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VSRD-MAP, Vol. 2 (2), 2012, 67-73

R RE ES SE EA AR RC CH H A AR RT TI IC CL LE E

Cost Estimation of Small Hydro Power Components for Potential Sites in Vidarbha Region, Maharashtra State
1

Charlie Fulzele*, 2Piyush Halde, 3Prashant Umbarkar and 4PA Gadge

ABSTRACT
Small Hydro Power plants are the need for today. India has around 15000 MW potential for large number small hydel plants in various states. The data is collected for Vidarbha in Maharashtra State which can be further used for power generation as fresh renewable resources i.e. it is newly identified potential sites. The equation for design discharge has been formulated by considering the rivers with width, depth and the flow of water. Further analysis for cost calculations of various components of SHP are done and simple program in C language is also written based on the equations. Keywords : Small Hydro Power Plants, Renewable Resources.

1. INTRODUCTION
The conventional sources of energy which are finite and therefore we must utilize the renewable source of energy. One of such source is Small Hydro Power besides Solar, Wind, Biomass, Geothermal and Fuel Cell etc. There is tremendous scope in developing small hydro plants by constructing projects on rivers and canals or at small dams. The Small Hydro is classified as bellow based on the power by Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) and Central Electricity Authority (CEA). Classification of Small Hydro Micro Hydro Mini Hydro Small Hydro
____________________________ 1,2,3,4

Power (kW) 100 kW 101-2000 kW 2001kW-25000 kW

Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical *Correspondence : charliefulzele@yahoo.co.in

Engineering,

RGCER,

Nagpur,

Maharashtra,

INDIA.

Charlie Fulzele et al / VSRD International Journal of Mechanical, Auto. & Prod. Engg. Vol. 2 (2), 2012

In Maharashtra State 255 sites are identified with the 732.63MW potential of SHP. Out of it 39 sites are already installed with 263.825 MW potential and 15 sites for 51.7 MW according to MNRE.

2. GOVERNMENT OF MAHARASHTRA POLICY FOR PRIVATE SECTOR ABOUT SHP

Govt. of Maharashtra is promoting the SHP through private partnership involvement. The new policy of Govt. has encouraged private participation of both the Captive Power Producers (CPPs) and Independent Power Producers (IPPs) in development of SHP in State. The main objectives for the policy are: Involvement of private sector Harness green power

The list of sites of SHPS to be offered for privatization is available with (Govt. of Maharashtra, Water Resources Department (GoMWRD). The Small Hydro Power allotted under the policy shall be on Build, Operate & Transfer Basis (BOT). This BOT period starts from commissioning of the project and of 30 years duration. At the end of BOT the absolute ownership of SHP along with land, switchyard & allied equipment shall automatically stand transferred to Govt. of Maharashtra (GoMWRD). The letter of permission (LoP) will empower the developer to prepare Techno-Economic Feasibility Report (TEFR). Developer need to submit the TFER to GoMWRD within three months. After Letter of Allotment (LoA) developer shall sign the Hydro Power Development Agreement. After this he shall sign Energy wheeling agreement with Transmission entity/ distribution licensee. Alternate Hydro Energy Centre (AHEC) is the unique research centre as well as consultancy in India which is established by the Ministry of New and renewable resources at I.I.T. Roorkee. It deals with the renewable energy resources available & emerging technologies. In India AHEC specifically deals with the Small Hydro development and installation as well as testing. The first real time SHP simulator is installed in country at AHEC. Following are the working areas of AHEC: Survey and investigation Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR). Project design Installation and commissioning of SHPs etc

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3. COMPONENTS OF SHP PROJECTS

Diversion Weir : Diversion Weir is constructed to divert the river water towards intake channel. It must be constructed in such a way that it diverts all the lean season flows and structure stands safe during floods. Feeder cum Power Channel Disilting cum Forbay Tank : It is constructed to remove pebbles and coarse suspended material to prevent erosion of turbine blades. Penstock Pipe : The penstock is used to feed water to power house. Penstock is made up of mild steel, fibre glass or PVC depending upon conditions. Power House : In Power House following equipments are installed: Turbine generation control panels Auxiliary equipments.

Equation to Calculate the Discharge : The equation for calculating the discharge is given below: Discharge = (26.11* width*depth)/time for float Discharge calculation with available data : Refer Table 1.0 where the data is collected for various potential available for Vidarbha in Maharashtra State which includes seven districts. Cost Calculations : The cost of various components mentioned above is calculated based on the reference paper and then the cost approximate for the SHP with some constraints is calculated. Table 2.0 gives the details.

4. RESULT
Approximate cost of given components of small hydro power plants which can be installed are calculated for identified sites of Vidarbha. Table 1.0 : Small Hydro Power potential sites identified at Vidarbha in Maharashtra State and the discharge calculation for every site. River Name Indravati Bandiya Pranhita Gadchiroli District Dina Wainganga Sati Khobragadi Teepa Bhandara Chulband Height (H) 2.4 1.95 2.1 2.07 2.25 2.01 1.95 2.16 2.28 Stream (b) 3.6 3 3.3 3.15 3.75 3 3.3 3.12 3.3 Width Stream (d) 0.69 0.63 0.54 0.51 0.67 0.51 0.54 0.57 0.6 Depth Time (t) 36 38 37 39 36 40 39 37 38 Flow (Q) 1.8 1.29 1.26 1.07 1.84 0.99 1.19 1.25 1.36

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District

Sur Bawanthadi Wagh Kanhan Nag Pench Kolar Wardha Painganga Vidarbha Khuni

2.25 2.55 2.04 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.16 2.61 2.13 2.04 2.1 2.16 2.34 2.55 2.04 2.19 2.52 2.16 2.04 2.1 2.13 2.19 1.98 2.04 2.31 2.13 2.01 2.07 2.16 2.46

3.3 3.9 3.3 3.6 3 3.45 3.3 4.5 3.12 3.3 3 3.15 2.7 3.9 3 3.45 4.2 2.7 3.06 3.24 3.3 3.15 2.91 2.97 3.21 3.33 2.94 3.06 3 3.9

0.462 0.78 0.63 0.63 0.498 0.516 0.54 0.81 0.67 0.57 0.63 0.54 0.45 0.75 0.54 0.585 0.84 0.69 0.54 0.57 0.6 0.51 0.54 0.57 0.63 0.6 0.54 0.51 0.69 0.75

40 35 38 35 42 37 38 34 36 37 38 40 41 35 40 37 34 37 39 40 38 36 40 39 37 36 39 38 36 34

0.99 2.27 1.42 1.69 0.92 1.25 1.22 2.79 1.53 1.32 1.29 1.11 0.77 2.18 1.05 1.42 2.71 1.31 1.1 1.2 1.36 1.07 1.02 1.13 1.42 1.45 1.06 1.07 1.5 2.24

Gondia District

Nagpur District

Yeotmal District

Waghadi Arunavati Adan Painganga Bembala Wardha Vena Pothara Lai Bor Yashoda Dham Bhakalee Bembala Vidarbha

Wardha District

Amravati District

Charghod Maad Sangiya Sipna

Table 2.0 : Cost of Various Components of Small Hydro Power Plants Identified in Seven Districts Of Vidarbha

River Name

Cost per unit length of Diversion Weir

Indravati Gadchiroli District Bandiya Pranhita Dina Wainganga

30701.58 30317.5 30295 30151.81 30731.7

Cost per m length of Feeder cum Power Channel 2228.4 2163.375 2159.55 2135.325 2233.5

Cost of Desilting cum Forebay Tank

Cost per m length of Penstock Pipe

Cost Power House

of

520295.2 443943.6 439452.3 411007.6 526283.6

1492.976 1136.348 1115.37 982.5089 1520.947

443887.2 421450.3 420130.4 411771.6 445647

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Sati Khobragadi Teepa Chulband Bhandara District Gondia District Sur Bawanthadi Wagh Kanhan Nagpur District Nag Pench Kolar Wardha Painganga Vidarbha Khuni Yeotmal District Waghadi Arunavati Adan Painganga Bembala Wardha Vena Pothara Wardha District Lai Bor Yashoda Dham Bhakalee Bembala Vidarbha Amravati District Charghod Maad Sangiya Sipna

30091.56 30242.18 30287.37 30370.21 30091.56 31055.53 30415.4 30618.73 30038.85 30287.37 30264.78 31447.15 30498.2 38340 30317.5 30182 29925.88 30987.7 30136.75 30415.4 31386.9 30332.56 30174.4 30249.72 30370.21 30151.81 30114.16 30197 30415.4 30438 30144.28 30151.81 30475.65 31032.94

2125.125 2150.625 2158.275 2172.3 2125.125 2288.325 2179.95 2214.375 2116.2 2158.275 2154.45 2354.625 2193.975 2167.2 2163.375 2140.425 2097.075 2276.85 2132.775 2179.95 2344.425 2165.925 2139.15 2151.9 2172.3 2135.325 2128.95 2142.975 2179.95 2183.775 2134.05 2135.325 2190.15 2284.5

399030.9 428972.7 437955.3 454423.2 399030.9 590658.4 463405.8 503827.2 388551.3 437955.3 433464 668507.1 479873.8 448434.9 443943.6 416996 366094.9 577184.6 408013.5 463405.8 656530.4 446937.8 415498.9 430469.8 454423.2 411007.6 403522.2 419990.2 463405.8 467897.1 409510.5 411007.6 475382.5 586167.2

926.5673 1066.421 1108.378 1185.297 926.5673 1821.633 1227.253 1416.056 877.6184 1108.378 1087.399 2185.253 1304.173 1157.326 1136.348 1010.48 772.7279 1758.699 968.5235 1227.253 2129.312 1150.334 1003.487 1073.414 1185.297 982.5089 947.5454 1024.465 1227.253 1248.232 975.5162 982.5089 1283.195 1800.655

408252.1 417050.9 419690.5 424529.8 408252.1 464564.4 427169.5 439047.9 405172.5 419690.5 418370.7 487441.3 432008.8 422770.1 421450.3 413531.3 398573.4 460604.9 410891.7 427169.5 483921.7 422330.1 413091.4 417490.8 424529.8 411771.6 409571.9 414411.2 427169.5 428489.3 411331.6 411771.6 430689 463244.6

C Program to get the approximate cost of important components of Small Hydro Power Plants and then getting the approximate cost of SHP. #include <stdio.h> #include <ctype.h> #include <string.h> #include <math.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define const 26.1118 float caldischarge(float x,float y,float z); float caldiversionweir(float p); float calfeeder(float l);

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float caldisiltingtank(float m); float calpenstockpipe(float n); float calpowerhouse(float o); void main() { float b,d,t,dw,fe,dt,pp,ph,shpcost,ldw,lfe,ldt,lpp,lph,a,c; register float q; clrscr(); printf("Enter the value of b= stream width of river in meter \n"); scanf("%f",&b); printf("Enter the value of d= average stream depth of river in meter \n"); scanf("%f",&d); printf("Enter the value of t= time for float to drift 100 feet in seconds \n"); scanf("%f",&t); q=caldischarge(b,d,t); printf("Discharge= %f",q); dw=caldiversionweir(q); printf("\n Diversion Weir per unit length cost =%f", dw); fe=calfeeder(q); printf("\n Feeder per unit length cost =%f", fe); dt=caldisiltingtank(q); printf("\n Disilting tank cost =%f", dt); pp=calpenstockpipe(q); printf("\n Penstock Pipe per unit length cost =%f", pp); ph=calpowerhouse(q); printf("\n Power House cost =%f", ph); printf("\n Enter the length of Diversion Weir in meter \n"); printf("\n Enter the length of Feeder in meter \n"); printf("\n Enter the length of Penstock Pipe in meter \n"); scanf("%f%f%f",&ldw,&lfe,&lpp); shpcost=(dw*ldw)+(fe*lfe)+dt+(pp*lpp)+ph; printf("\n Approximate cost of SHP is %f", shpcost); getch(); } float caldischarge(float x,float y,float z) //float x,y,z; { float dis; //printf("\n hello world"); dis=(const*x*y)/z; return(dis); } float caldiversionweir(float p) { float diversionweircost; diversionweircost=(753.0*p)+29346; return(diversionweircost); } float calfeeder(float l) { float feedercost; feedercost=(127.5*l)+1998; return(feedercost); } float caldisiltingtank(float m) { float disiltingtankcost;

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disiltingtankcost=(14970*m)+25081; return(disiltingtankcost); } float calpenstockpipe(float n) {float penstockpipecost; penstockpipecost=(699.2*n)+234.2; return(penstockpipecost); } float calpowerhouse(float o) { float powerhousecost; powerhousecost=(43994*o)+36469; return(powerhousecost); }

5. CONCLUSION
On the basis of study and observations with various references the small hydro power sites i.e. the sites which are below 25 MW are identified and the potential are known. The discharge in cumec is calculated for each site. Approximate cost of small hydro power plant components and total cost is estimated. Besides this, program in C Language is also developed for this cost calculation.

6. REFERENCES
[1] Shrikant Gajbhiye, B.Tech. Thesis on Estimation of small, mini, micro hydro power potential of Vidarbha using small irrigation dams and canals. [2] Shrish Gupta, M.Tech. Thesis on Cost Effective Design for Micro Hydro Schemes submitted in AHEC in 2002. [3] Prof.Arun Kumar & Prof. M.K.Singhal, AHEC,IITR, Cost benching for civil structures of micro/mini hydro electric projects located in Uttaranchal. [4] Dr. D.P. Kothari,Dr.K.C.Singhal & Dr.Rakesh Ranjan, Book Renewable Energy Sources and Emerging Technologies. [5] http://www.mnre.gov.in/prog-smallhydro.htm [6] http://www.ireda.gov.in/Compendium/Data/Maharashtra/SHP.pdf

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