EXERCISE 1

Figure 1 shows the apparatus set up to investigate the effect of temperature on the reaction of
amylase.

DIAGRAM 1
After 5 minutes of incubation , saliva in test tubes L, N, Q and S are poured into test tubes K, M,
P and R respectively. The content of each test tube then are tested to check the presence of
starch using iodine solution for every one minute. The student labeled the white cavity tile as
below:
minutes

Blue black
Brown solution

minutes

10
1

Table 1 shows the Iodine test result in test tubes K, M, P and R.

Tube

Temperature
(0C)

20

37

60

Iodine test result

Time taken for

hydrolysis of
starch (minutes)
Not completed
after 10 minutes
(0 minutes)

TABLE 1.1
(a) Based on Table 1, state two observations from the experiment that can be made.
1.

..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................

2.

..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................

(b)

State the inference which corresponds to the observation in (b) (i) above.

1.

............................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.............................

2.

...........................................................................................................................
.............................

(c)

Record the time taken for hydrolysis of starch to be completed in Table 1.

(d)

Complete Table 1.2 based on this experiment

Variable

Method to handle the variable

Manipulated variable
.

..

..

Responding variable
.

......

Controlled variable

(e)

State the hypothesis for this experiment.

.............................................................

(f)

Based on table 1.1 construct a table and record the results of the experiment which
includes the following aspects:
o
o
o

Temperature
Time taken for hydrolysis of starch
Rate of amylase reaction

(g)

On the graph paper draw the graph of rate of amylase reaction against the temperature
from the results in (e)(i).

(h)

Explain the relationship between temperature and the rate of enzyme activity.
..............
..............
.............

(i)

The experiment is repeated by increasing the concentration of saliva. Predict the time
taken for a complete hydrolysis of starch at 370C.
......
.
.................................................
............................

EXERCISE 2
An experiment is carried out to investigate the effect of certain factor on the activity of yeast.
Yeast reacts with sucrose solution to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide gas.
First the apparatus as shown in Figure 1 is set up. 1cm 3 of 1% yeast suspension is transferred
using a pipette into a boiling tube P containing 5 cm3 of 1% sucrose solution. The initial level of
the coloured liquid in the U tube is set at 0.0 mm. After exactly 10 minutes, the level of the
coloured liquid is as shown in the diagram.

Diagram 1
The same experiment is repeated using boiling tubes Q, R and S, with the same volume of
sucrose solution of 2%, 3% and 4% concentration respectively measured using a pipette. The
changes of the coloured liquid levels in the U-tube are shown in Figure 2.

Level of coloured liquid

Boiling tube P (1%)

Boiling tube Q (2%)

Boiling tube R (3%)

Boiling tube S (4%)

25.0 mm

[ 3 marks]

Diagram 2
(a)

Record the levels of the coloured liquid in the U-tubes in the spaces provided in
Diagram 2.

(b)

Based on the results in Figure 2, state two observations that can be made for the
experiment.
1.

2..
..

(c)

Write down an inference for each of the observations in (a).

1..
..

2......
.
.

(d) Complete Table 3 based on this experiment

Variable

Method to handle the variable

Manipulated variable

Responding variable

Controlled variable

.
Table 3
(e)

State the hypothesis for the experiment ?

...
...

(f)

If the sucrose solution concentration is increased to 6%, predict the rate of carbon
dioxide produced by the yeast in 10 minutes.

g (i)

The volume of the carbon dioxide produced by the yeast in the boiling tube can be
calculated using the following formula:
The volume of the carbon dioxide produced (ml) = The cross-section of the glass tube
(mm2) X the distance traveled by the coloured liquid (mm)

The volume of carbon dioxide produced (mm3)

The rate of carbon dioxide produced = --------------------------------------------------------------------Time taken for the coloured liquid to travel (s)
Based on Figure 2, record the results of this experiment obtained in (c) in a table, given
that the cross section of the glass tube is 3 mm2. Your table should include the following
aspects:
-

(ii)

The concentration of the sucrose solution

The distance traveled by the coloured liquid
The rate of carbon dioxide produced

From the table in (f) (i) above, draw a graph of the concentration of the sucrose solution
against the rate of carbon dioxide produced.

(h)

From the table you have drawn in (f) above, explain the relationship between the
concentration of sucrose solution, the height of the coloured liquid and the rate of carbon
dioxide produced by the yeast.

(i)

From the experiment, what can be deduced about fermentation of yeast ?

(j) The following list of apparatus and materials are used in this experiment.
Pipette

1% yeast solution

scale

coloured liquid 1% to 4% sucrose solution.

Complete the table 1.4 below by matching each variables with the materials and
apparatus used in this experiment
Variables

Apparatus

Materials

Manipulated
Responding
Constant
Table 1.4

EXERCISE 3
A group of students carried out an experiment to investigate the effect of running up and down a
stair case on the rate of heart beat of a person. Figure 1.1 shows the method used by the
students. The subject runs up the stair case and straight away runs down the same stair case.
The time taken for the boy to run up and down the stair case is approximately 5 seconds.
Immediately after the boy has finished running up and down the stair case, the time taken for 30
heart beats is taken and is recorded in Figure 1.1.
The whole experiment was repeated with the same boy running up the stair case as shown in
Figure 1.2(a), 1.2(b) and 1.2(c) in Table 1.1 respectively. The results are also shown in the
same table.
Table 1.1
Situation

Numbers of times
the boy running
up and down the
stair case.

Observation

The time taken

for making 30
heart beats (s)

One time
20
Figure 1,1

Two times

Figure 1.2(a)

Three times

Figure 1.2(b)

10

Four times

Figure 1.2(c)
a. (i) From Table 1.1, state two observations on the relationship of the numbers of times the
boy runs up and down the stair case and the time taken for 20 heart beats.
Observation 1:
..
Observation 2:
..

(ii) State the inference which corresponds to the observations in a (i).

Inference 1:
.
Inference 2:
.

b. Record the time taken for the boys heart to make 30 heart beats in the three occasions in
Table 1.1.

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c.

Complete Table 1.2 based on this experiment

Variable

Method to handle the variable

Manipulated variable
.........

..
.
........

Responding variable

.........
..
.
........

Fixed variable

.........
..
.
........

Table 1.2
d.

(3 marks)

State the hypothesis for this experiment.

..

e.

Predict the rate of the boys heart beat If he runs up and down the same stair case 5
times.

12

f.

Based on Table 1.1, construct a table and record the results of the experiment which
include the following aspects:
-

The numbers of time of running up and down the stair case

The time taken for the boys heart to make 30 beats

The rate of the boys heart beat (times/minute)

g. From the table in (e) (i) above, draw the graph of the rate of the boys heart beats against
the number of times of running up and down the stair case.
h. From the graph you have drawn in (e) above, explain the relationship between the number
of times of running up and down the stair case, the time taken for the boys heart to beat
30 times and the rate of the boys heart beat.

13

EXERCISE 4
An experiment is carried out to investigate the pollution level of Kelantan river in three different
location. This is done due to complaints from the residents of three villages regarding the quality
of river water lately.
Three villages which residents made the above complaints are marked village P, village Q and
village R. There is a rubber processing factory at the up stream of the river. The distance
between the villages and the factory are 5km, 10km and 18km respectively. Figure 1.1 shows
the location of the situation.

Figure 1.1
The Biological Department of SMK Ismail Petra has conducted the investigation. Three samples
of water are collected from the three villages respectively, and named water sample P, water
sample Q and water sample R. The samples are brought to the school lab and tests are
conducted.
First, 50ml of the water sample P is measured using a measuring cylinder and poured into a
clean reagent bottle. 1ml of 0.1% methylene blue solution is added into the water sample using
a syringe. The mixture is stirred carefully with the needle of the syringe. The reagent bottle is
closed quickly and kept in a dark cupboard (Figure 1.2). The stop watch is started (Table 1.1)
and the colour of the solution is observed from time to time to determine the time taken for the
0.1% methylene blue solution to decolourise.

14

Figure 1.2
The above steps are repeated with water sample Q and water sample R. The time taken for the
solution to decolourise is recorded in table 1.1.
Water
sample
taken
from
village

Treatment

Time shown on the stop

watch when the
methylene blue solution
decolourises

Time
elapsed
(min)

15

Table 1.1
a. Based on the results in Table 1.1, state two observations for the experiment.
1
.
2
.

b. Write down an inference for each of the observations in (a).

1
...
2
..

c. Record the time taken for the decolourisation of 0.1% methylene blue solution in the spaces
provided in Table 1.1.

16

d. Complete Table 2.1 based on this experiment

Variable

Method to handle the variable

Manipulated variable
...

Responding variable

...

Controlled variable

..

Table 2.1

e.

State the hypothesis for the experiment

..

..

f.

If a village, D, is situated 14km from the rubber factory, predict the level of B.O.D. of this
village.

17

g.

Based on Table 1.1, record the results of this experiment obtained in (c) in a table. Your
table should include the following aspects:
o
o
o
o

The water sample

The distance between the village and the rubber factory
The time taken for the 0.1% methylene blue to decolourise
The BOD level of the water samples (high, moderate and low)

i.

From the table in (f) (i) above, draw a graph of time for 0.1% methylene blue solution to
decolourise against the distance between the village and the rubber factory.

j.

From the table you have drawn in (f) above, explain the relationship between the distance
between the rubber factory, the time taken for the decolourisation of 0.1% methylene
blue solution and the B.O.D. level of the water sample.

18

EXERCISE 5
Water is very important to living organisms. Its roles in an organism include helping in
transportation of substances in the body, acts as a solvent for most of the substances in the
body and helps to carry out homeostatic regulations in the body.
In man, water is taken in through drinking. Some of the water is expelled through urination.
The amount of urine expelled varies from a situation to another.
Halim carries out an experiment to determine the effects the volume of water intake by a
man to the volume of urine formation. First he empties his urinary bladder. Then he drinks
200ml of boiled water. He stays in the biology laboratory for 30 minutes and then goes to
urinate in the toilet. The urine is kept in the lab. After another 30 minutes, he goes to urinate
again. The volumes of the two urination are added. The whole experiment is repeated,
replacing the water intake volume by 300ml, 400ml and 500ml respectively and assuming
Halim does not take any food during the experiment.
The results of the experiment are tabulated as in table 1.1.
Intake of
water (ml)

200

First urine collection

(cm3)

Second urine collection

(cm3)

Total urine collection

(cm3)

90

300

400

500

19

Table 1.1
a.

Based on the results in Figure 2, state two observations for the experiment.
1

b.

Write down an inference for each of the observations in (a).

1

2.

c.

Record the levels of the urine collected in the measuring cylinder in the spaces provided
in Table 1.1

d.

Complete Table 2 based on this experiment

Variable

Method to handle the variable

Manipulated variable
..

Responding variable

..

Fixed variable

..

20


State the hypothesis for the experiment ?

(e)

..

..

f.

(i) Based on Table 1.2(b), construct a table and record the results of the experiment which
include the following aspects:
-

The intake of water

The total volume of urine produced

The rate of urine production (cm3/min)

(ii) From the table in (f) (i) above, draw a graph of the volume of boiled water intake against
the rate of urine formation.

g. From the table you have drawn in (f) above, explain the relationship between the amount of
boiled water taken, the amount of urine produced and the rate of urine production.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................

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