Bo co thc tp

Tm hiu cng ngh IPTV

CC CH CI VIT TT:

A ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line ng dy thu bao s bt i xng AON ATM Active Optical Network Asynchronnuos Transfer Mode Mode Mng quang tch cc Truyn dn bt ng b

B BPON Broadband Passive Optical Network Mng quang th ng bng rng

C CAS Conditional Access System H thng truy cp c iu kin

CMTS

Cable Modem Termination System

H thng kt cui modem cp

D DHCP DRM Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Digital Rights Management Giao thc cu hnh Host ng Qun l quyn ni dung s

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DSL DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line

Tm hiu cng ngh IPTV

ng dy thu bao s B ghp knh truy cp ng dy thu bao s

Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer

DVB DVD DWDM

Digital Video Broadcasting Digital Video Disc Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Qung b video s a video k thut s Ghp knh phn chia theo mt bc sng

E EPG EPON ETSI Electronic Program Guide Ethernet PON European Telecommunications Standard Institute Ethernet Virtual Connection Ch dn chng trnh in t Mng quang th ng Ethernet Vin tiu chun vin thng Chu u Kt ni o Ethernet

EVC

F FTP FTTC FTTH FTTN FTTRO File Transfer Protocol Fiber To The Curd Fiber To The Home Fiber To The Neighbourhood Fiber To The Regional Office Giao thc vn chuyn file Cp quang ti l ng Cp quang ti h gia nh Cp quang ti vng ln cn Cp quang ti tng i khu vc

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GiE GPON Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit PON

Tm hiu cng ngh IPTV

Giao thc Gigabit Ethernet Mng quang th ng Gigabit

H
HD HDTV HFC HTTP High Definition High Definition Television Hybrid Fiber Coaxial Hyper Text Transfer Protocol nh dng cht lng cao Truyn hnh cht lng cao Hn hp cp quang/ng trc Giao thc vn chuyn siu vn bn Giao thc HTTP bo m

HTTPS

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure

I IP IPTV IPTVCD IRD ISP ITU-T Internet Protocol Internet Protocol Television IPTV Cunsumer Device Integrated Receiver Decoder Internet Service Provider International Telecommunications Union Telecommunication Giao thc Internet Truyn hnh giao thc Internet Thit b khch hng IPTV B gii m u thu tch hp Nh cung cp dch v Internet T chc VT quc t v cc tiu chun VT

L LSR LIB Label Switch Router Label Information Base Router chuyn mch nhn C s thng tin nhn

M MEF MIB Metre Ethernet Forum Base Information Management Din n Metro Ethernet C s thng tin qun l

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Tm hiu cng ngh IPTV

Middleware Cc phn mm chc nng hoc dch v lin kt cc thnh phn c bit (v d nh server cc ng dng, VoD server v STB) v cc thnh phn ng dng (v d nh gim st truy cp c iu kin, h thng lp ha n v cc dch v tng tc) MPEG MPLS Moving Picture Experts Group Multi-Protocol Label Switching Nhm chuyn gia v nh ng Chuyn mch nhn a giao thc

N NMS NTSC Network Management System National Television System Committee H thng qun l mng y ban h thng truyn hnh quc gia (M)

O OC OSS OLT ONT OSI Optical Carrier Operational Support System Optical Line Termination Optical Network Termination Open Systems Interconnection Sng mang quang H thng h tr hot ng Kt cui ng quang Kt cui mng quang Lin kt h thng m

P PON PSTN POTS gin Passive Optical Network Public Switched Telephone Network Plain Old Telephone Service Mng quang th ng Mng T chuyn mch cng cng DV in thoi truyn thng n

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QoS Quality of Service

Tm hiu cng ngh IPTV

Cht lng dch v

R RF RTP RTSP Radio Frequency Real Time Protocol Real Time Streaming Protocol Tn s v tuyn Giao thc thi gian thc Giao thc streaming thi gian thc

S SD SDH SLA SMIL Standard Definition Synchronous Digital Hierarchy Service Level Agreement Synchronized Multimedia Integrated Language SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol SONET Synchronous Optical Network SSL STB Secure Socket Layer Set Top Box B gii m nh dng cht lng chun Ghp knh cp s ng b Cam kt cp dch v Ngn ng tch hp a phng tin ng b ha Giao thc qun l mng n gin Mng quang ng b

Streaming Phng thc phn phi video hoc ni dung khc trn mng trong cc lung ni tip nhau theo mt t l ph hp vi tc d liu c s dng bi thit b hin th.

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TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol

Tm hiu cng ngh IPTV

Giao thc iu khin vn chuyn trn nn IP

U URL Universal Resource Locator B xc nh a ch ti nguyn

V VoD Video on Demand Video theo yu cu Mng LAN

VLAN Virtual Local Area Network

W WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing Ghp knh phn chia theo bc sng.

Chng 1 : TNG QUAN CNG NGH IPTV

1 . i nt v lch s cng ngh IPTV : - Vo nm 1994, ABCs World News Now l chng trnh truyn hnh u tin c qung b trn internet. N dng phn mm Hi Ngh Truyn Hnh CU-SeeMe . - Thut ng IPTV xut hin vo nm 1995 vi s thnh lp Precept Software

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Tm hiu cng ngh IPTV

bi Judith Estrin v Bill Carrico. Hai ngi ny thit k v xy dng mt sn phm internet video gi l "IP/TV". IP/TV l mt MBONE tng thch vi cc ng dng trn Windows v Unix, thc hin truyn m thanh, hnh nh thng qua c giao thc unicast v IP multicast RTP/RTCP. Phn mm ny c vit bi Steve Casner, Karl Auerbach, v Cha Chee Kuan. - Precept Software c mua bi Cisco Systems vo nm 1998, Golden Gate gi li tn "IP/TV" - Kingston Communications Vng quc Anh th nghim vo nm 1999 v l mt trong nhng nh cung cp cp dch v VoD u tin vo nm 2001. - Nm 2003 Total Access Network Inc trin khai dch v IPTV vi 100 trm 100 quc gia v vi cc knh truyn hnh bng 26 ngn ng. - Nm 2005, Bredbandsbolaget trin khai dch v IPTV u tin Thy in. - Nm 2006 AT&T trin khai dch v IPTV U-Verse M. y l cng ty hng u vi 300 knh trin khai trn hn 11 thnh ph. Vo thng 3/2009 AT&T U-Verse pht trin ln n hn 100 knh truyn hnh HD v vi quy m ca mnh AT&T U-Verse trin khai ring mt mng IP cho truyn ti truyn hnh. - Hin nay, IPTV ch mi bt u pht trin trung v ng u. chu , ngay ti Vit Nam c nhiu cng ty khai thc cng ngh IPTV. Mt trong s l www.Mytv.com.vn - 1 sn phm ca VNPT.

2. Khi nim : Internet Protocol television (IPTV) l mt h thng truyn ti, phn phi, cung ng dch v truyn hnh s trn nn tng cu trc mng s dng giao thc Internet chuyn mch gi. y l phng thc song song/thay th cho cc phng thc truyn hnh truyn thng qung b bng sng v tuyn, truyn hnh v tinh v truyn hnh cp.

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Tm hiu cng ngh IPTV

i vi nhng h s dng, IPTV thng c cung cp cng vi video theo yu cu v c th c gp chung vi cc dch v Internet nh truy cp web v VoIP. S kt hp thng mi ca IPTV, VoIP v truy cp Internet c xem nh l mt dch v "Triple Play" (c th gi l tr chi gm ba thnh phn, hay Tam gic) (nu thm tnh di ng th s c gi l "Quadruple Play"). IPTV tiu biu c cung cp bi nh cung cp dch v s dng h tng mng gn k. Phng php mng gn k ny ang cnh tranh vi vic pht sng ni dung TV trn Internet cng cng, c gi l Truyn hnh Internet. Trong thng mi, IPTV c th c dng pht ni dung truyn hnh thng qua mng ni b LANs hp tc. Vi khch hng u cui, IPTV thng cung cp dch v VoD (Video on Demand) v c th kt hp vi cc dch v Internet nh truy cp web v VoIP... 3. c trng ca IPTV : - H tr truyn hnh tng tc: kh nng ca h thng IPTV cho php cc nh cung cp dch v phn phi y cc ng dng ca truyn hnh tng tc. Cc dng dch v IPTV c th c phn phi bao gm chun truyn hnh trc tip, truyn hnh hnh nh cht lng cao HDTV (High Definition Television), cc tr chi tng tc v truy cp Internet tc cao. - Dch thi gian: IPTV kt hp vi mt b ghi hnh video s cho php dch chuyn thi gian xem ni dung chng trnh, y l mt k thut ghi hnh v lu tr ni dung c th xem li sau. - Tnh c nhn: Mt h thng IPTV end-to-end h tr thng tin c tnh hai chiu v cho php cc user xem cc chng trnh theo s thch, thi quenHay c th hn l cho cc user xem ci g h mun vo bt k lc no. - Yu cu bng thng thp: thay th cho vic phn phi mi knh cho mi user, cng ngh IPTV cho php cc nh cung cp dch v ch phn phi cc knh m user yu cu. y l c im hp dn cho php cc nh khai thc mng bo ton c bng thng ca h. - Nhiu thit b c th s dng c: vic xem ni dung IPTV khng gii hn cho Tivi. Khch hng c th s dng PC ca h v cc thit b di ng truy cp cc dch v IPTV. 4. u , nhc im ca IPTV :

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a) u im :

Tm hiu cng ngh IPTV

- H thng IPTV da trn IP nn c nhng u im ng k, bao gm kh nng tch hp truyn hnh vi cc dch v IP khc nh truy nhp internet tc cao v VoIP. - Mng IP cng cho php truyn nhiu thng tin hn v vi nhiu chc nng hn. Trong mng v tinh hay TV truyn thng, s dng cng ngh broadcast th tt c ni dung c truyn lin tc n mi thu bao, thu bao chuyn knh ti set top box. Thu bao c th la chn t nhiu la chn nh cng ty v tinh, cp, truyn thng a lung thng tin v nh. Mng IP lm vic khc. Ni dung c gi trn mng v ch nhng ni dung khch hng la chn l c gi n nh thu bao. iu ny s tit kim bng thng v s la chn ca khch hng t b gii hn bi ng ng dn n nh thu bao. iu ny cng c ngha l tnh ring t ca khch hng c m bo hn so vi h thng v tinh v TV truyn thng. * Tnh tng tc : - H thng IPTV cho php ngi xem c c hi xem cc chng trnh TV c tnh tng tc hn v c nhn hn. V d nh cung cp dch v c th cung cp chc nng tng tc cho php ngi xem la chn ni dung xem theo tn phim hay tn ca din vin hay chc nng picture in picture cho php ngi xem c th chuyn knh m khng phi ri b chng trnh h ang xem. Ngi xem cng c th xem trng thi ca ngi chi trong khi ang xem mt chng trnh th thao, hay ngi xem c th thay i gc quay camera. Ngi xem cn c th truy nhp vo album nh v kho nhc trn PC ca h t mn hnh TV, s dng in thoi t lch ghi li cc chng trnh TV yu thch. Ngoi ra h cn c th s dng chc nng gim st iu khin (parent control) cm con ci xem mt s chng trnh TV khng ph hp. * VoD : - VoD cho php khch hng duyt mt chng trnh trc tuyn hoc mt danh sch cc b phim xem qua v sau l la chn chng. - V mt k thut, khi khch hng la chn mt b phim, th mt kt ni point-to-point c thit lp gia b gii m ca khch hng (Set top box hoc PC) v server phn pht lung ni dung. Bo hiu v cc chc nng nh pause, backward/forward c m bo bi giao thc RTSP (Real Time Streaming Protocol) . - Dng m ha chung nht c s dng cho VoD l MPEG2, MPEG4 v VC-1. - trnh hin tng n cp bn quyn ni dung phim th ni dung ca VoD thng c m ha. Vi cng ngh IPTV vic m ha c thc hin hiu qu thng qua h thng

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Tm hiu cng ngh IPTV

DRM (Digital Rights Management). Vi h thng ny nu khch hng la chn xem phim trong thi gian 24 gi th sau 24 gi ni dung film s khng th xem c na * Cc dch v hi t da trn IPTV : - Mt u im khc ca mng IP l kh nng tch hp v hi t. Cc dch v hi t y ni n kh nng tng tc ca cc dch v hin c theo cch trong sut to ra cc dch v gia tng mi. V d l dch v On-Screen Caller ID, nhn Caller IP trn mn hnh TV v kh nng x l (gi n voice mail). Cc dch v da trn IP s cung cp kh nng cho khch hng c th truy nhp bt k u, bt k khi no n ni dung thng qua TV, PC hay in thoi ca khch hng, v kh nng tch hp cc dch v v ni dung gn cht chng vi nhau. b) Nhc im : - IPTV nhy cm vi s c mt gi (packed loss) v tr (delay) trong trng hp lung d liu c vn . - IPTV c mt gii hn di v tc truyn ti d liu (strict minimum speed) khng c php vt qua. Ngha l nu c qu nhiu khch hng chia s m bng thng ca h thng khng p ng lu lng ca lung tn hiu th s dn n vic khng c s khung hnh/giy => cht lng dch v hnh nh (ng) s suy giam.

Chng II : TNG QUAN H THNG CUNG CP DCH V IPTV/VoD 1. Kin trc h thng : H thng IPTV bao gm bn thnh phn chnh, tt c cc thnh phn ny l chung cho bt k kin trc h thng ca nh sn xut no.

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Tm hiu cng ngh IPTV

Cc thnh phn ca mng IPTV

a) Video Head End : Cng nh vi h thng truyn hnh v tinh s hay truyn hnh cp, dch v IPTV cng cn c h thng video head end. y l ni m ni dung linear (v d broadcast TV) v on-demand (v d phim) c ghi li v nh dng truyn qua mng IP. V c bn th u vo ca b head end l cc chng trnh c thu qua v tinh hoc ly trc tip t cc b broadcast hay cc chng trnh qua b aggregator. Mt head end mang mt knh ring v m ha n di nh dng video s, nh MPEG2. Hin nay cc nh cung cp dch v broadcast cng bt u s dng m ha MPEG4 v n c mt s u im hn so vi MPEG2 nh yu cu tc b bit thp cho c tn hiu truyn hnh SD v HD. Sau khi m ha, mi knh c ng gi IP v c truyn qua mng. Cc knh ny l cc dng IP multicast in hnh, tuy nhin mt s nh sn xut cng s dng lung IP unicast. IP multicast c rt nhiu u im v n cho php nh cung cp dch v truyn mt lung IP trn knh broadcast t video head end n mng truy nhp ca nh cung cp dch v. Cch ny c rt nhiu u im khi nhiu ngi s dng mun s dng cng mt knh broadcast ti cng thi im (v d hng nghn ngi xem cng mun xem mt s kin th thao). b) Mng Core Edge ca nh cung cp dch v : Nhm cc lung video m ha c truyn qua mng IP ca nh cung cp dch v. Mi nh cung cp dch v c mt mng ring ca h v mng ny thng bao gm thit b t nhiu nh sn xut. Cc mng ny c th l mt hn hp ca mng IP hin c v mc ch l xy dng mng IP cho vic truyn video. Ti Edge, mng IP kt ni vi mng truy nhp. c) Mng truy nhp (Access Network) : Mng truy nhp l lin kt t nh cung cp dch v n thu bao khch hng. Kt ni bng rng gia nh cung cp dch v v khch hng c th s dng nhiu cng ngh khc nhau.

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Tm hiu cng ngh IPTV

Nh cung cp dch v vin thng s dng cng ngh DSL phc v cho thu bao khch hng. Nh cung cp dch v cng bt u s dng cng ngh quang nh PON (passive optical network) kt ni n khch hng. Mng IPTV s dng ng truyn ADSL v VDSL cung cp bng thng m bo cho hot ng ca dch v IPTV n thu bao. Nh cung cp dch v s thay th thit b (nh DSL modem) ti thu bao phn pht kt ni Ethernet n mng ca khch hng. d) Mng ti thu bao (Home Network) : Mng ti thu bao cung cp dch v IPTV n khch hng. C rt nhiu loi mng ti thu bao khc nhau nhng dch v IPTV yu cu bng thng cao ti mng ca thu bao. im cui trong mng ca thu bao m TV c kt ni n l set top box, modem, SW. e ) Middleware: b cho php thc hin dch v IPTV. Thut ng IPTV Middleware c dng m t cc gi phn mm lin quan n vic phn pht dch v IPTV. C rt nhiu nh sn xut thc thi gi phn mm ny, mi nh sn xut c cch tip cn ring i vi IPTV. Middleware do nh cung cp dch v s dng c th nh hng n kin trc ca mng IPTV. Middleware c kin trc client/server in hnh, trong client nm STB. Middleware nh ngha cch khch hng tng tc vi dch v. V d giao din ngi s dng v dch v sn c cho khch hng s dng (nh EPG Electronic Program Guige, VoD hay PPV) c thc hin v iu khin thng qua Middleware. Tnh d dng trong qun l nhiu dch v l mt chc nng ca mng IP hai chiu. Kin trc IP ny cung cp tiu chun cho cc ng dng v dch v c tch hp vo trong mng, IPTV ch l mt dch v trong cc ng dng ny. Nhn t phn bit trong m hnh dch v IP l tnh hi t. Bi v cu trc chung cho cc ng dng v dch v, tnh hi t c th c hin thc ha cho cc thnh phn mng, ng dng, h thng h tr hot ng (OSS/BSS). V vy qun l a dch v tr thnh bi ton qun l cng cc dch v qua mng v phn b chng n nhiu mi trng ngi dng u cui khc nhau. * IPTV Video on Demand (VoD) : Video on Demand hot ng theo cch khc so vi dch v broadcast TV v h thng IPTV s cung cp cho thu bao mt lung unicast ca chng trnh c cc chc nng VCR bao gm pause, fast forward, rewind. IPTV middleware s iu khin giao din ngi s dng v c th c m rng phc v cc dch v nh Subcription VoD v PVR.

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Tm hiu cng ngh IPTV

2. Cu trc chc nng cho dch v IPTV : a) Cung cp ni dung : Tt c ni dung c s dng bi dch v IPTV, bao gm VoD v truyn hnh qung b s phi thng qua chc nng cung cp ni dung, cc chc nng tip nhn, chuyn m v m ha s to nn cc lung video s c kh nng c phn phi qua mng IP. b) Phn phi ni dung : Khi phn phi ni dung bao gm cc chc nng chu trch nhim v vic phn phi ni dung c m ho ti thu bao. Thng tin nhn t cc chc nng vn truyn v iu khin IPTV s gip phn phi ni dung ti thu bao mt cch chnh xc. Chc nng phn phi ni dung s bao gm c vic lu tr cc bn copy ca ni dung tin hnh nhanh vic phn phi, cc lu tr tm thi (cache) cho VoD v cc bn ghi video c nhn. Khi chc nng thu bao lin lc vi chc nng iu khin IPTV yu cu ni dung c bit, th n s gi ti chc nng phn phi ni dung c c quyn truy cp ni dung.

Cu trc chc nng cho dch v IPTV

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c) iu khin IPTV:

Tm hiu cng ngh IPTV

- Cc chc nng iu khin IPTV l tri tim ca dch v. Chng chu trch nhim v vic lin kt tt c cc chc nng khc v m bo dch v hot ng cp thch hp tho mn nhu cu ca khch hng. - Chc nng iu khin IPTV nhn yu cu t thu bao, lin lc vi chc nng phn phi v vn chuyn ni dung m bo ni dung c phn phi ti thu bao. - Mt chc nng khc ca iu khin IPTV l cung cp hng dn chng trnh in t EPG (Electronic Program Guide), EPG c thu bao s dng chn ni dung theo nhu cu. Chc nng iu khin IPTV cng s chu trch nhim v qun l quyn ni dung s DRM (Digital Rights Management) c yu cu bi thu bao c th truy cp ni dung. d) Vn chuyn IPTV : Sau khi ni dung yu cu t thu bao c chp nhn, chc nng vn chuyn IPTV s chu trch nhim truyn ti ni dung ti thu bao, v cng thc hin truyn ngc li cc tng tc t thu bao ti chc nng iu khin IPTV. e) Chc nng thu bao: - Chc nng thu bao bao gm nhiu thnh phn v nhiu hot ng khc nhau, tt c u c s dng bi thu bao truy cp ni dung IPTV. Mt s thnh phn chu trch nhim lin lc thng tin vi chc nng truyn dn, v d nh truy cp gateway kt ni vi DSLAM, hay trnh STB s dng trnh duyt web kt ni vi Middleware server. Trong chc nng ny, STB lu tr mt s cc thnh phn quan trng nh cc key DRM v thng tin xc thc user. - Khi chc nng thu bao s s dng EPG cho php khch hng la chn hp ng truy cp v yu cu n t cc chc nng iu khin IPTV. N cng nhn cc giy php s v cc key DRM truy cp ni dung. f) Bo an : - Tt c cc chc nng trong m hnh IPTV u c h tr cc c ch bo an ti cc cp khc nhau. - Chc nng cung cp ni dung s c b phn mt m c cung cp bi nh cung cp ni dung.

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Tm hiu cng ngh IPTV

- Chc nng phn phi ni dung s c m bo thng qua vic s dng DRM. Cc chc nng iu khin v vn chuyn s da vo cc chun bo an trnh cc thu bao khng c xc thc c quyn sa i v truy cp ni dung. - Chc nng thu bao s b gii hn s dng cc c ch bo an c trin khai ti STB v Middleware server. Tm li, tt c cc ng dng v cc h thng hot ng trong mi trng IPTV s c cc c ch bo an lun sn sng c s dng trch cc hot ng tri php. Cc thnh phn trong mi trng IPTV s tng ng vi cc chc nng. V d, chc nng iu khin IPTV bao gm cc thnh phn Middleware v qun l quyn ni dung s DRM. Khi phn phi cc nhim v, mt nhm ph trch cc chc nng iu khin IPTV s c kh nng sp xp tt c cc ng dng tng ng vi cc thnh phn cho chc nng . Hnh sau m t cc thit b thc hin cc chc nng trong mi trng IPTV.

Cc thnh phn ca cu trc chc nng

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3. Vn phn phi IPTV :

Tm hiu cng ngh IPTV

Cc kiu lu lng mng IP thi gian thc khc nhau c to ra bi cc loi dch v trn nn IP khc nhau nh VoIP v truy cp Internet tc cao. Vi mi loi dch v c nhng c im ring v ni dung, v th cn phi c nhng phng thc phn phi thch hp. Hin nay c ba phng thc dng phn phi ni dung IPTV qua mng IP l unicast, broadcast v multicast. a) Unicast : Trong truyn unicast, mi lung video IPTV u c gi ti mt IPTVCD. V th, nu c nhiu hn mt user IPTV mun nhn knh video tng t th IPTVCD s cn ti mt lung unicast ring r. Mt trong cc lung s truyn ti cc im ch qua mng IP tc cao. Nguyn tc thc thi ca unicast trn mng IP l da trn vic phn phi mt lung ni dung c nh hng ti mi user u cui. T gc ca k thut ny, th vic cu hnh thc thi kh d dng; tuy nhin n khng c hiu qu v bng thng mng. Hnh 1.2 trnh by vic thit lp cc kt ni khi c 5 thu bao IPTV truy cp mt knh broadcast trn mng tc cao hai chiu (two-way).

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Tm hiu cng ngh IPTV

Cc kt ni IP Unicast cho nhiu user IPTV Nm kt ni ny sau c nh tuyn ti cc im ch ca n. Cc kt ni c ko di ti hai tng i khu vc (Regional Office), vi ba kt ni ti tng i khu vc 1 v hai kt ni ti tng i khu vc 2. Sau cc kt ni c thit lp gia cc router ti tng i khu vc vi cc getway t trong nm h gia nh. y l phng thc truyn dn IP video tt cho cc ng dng theo yu cu nh VoD, mi thu bao nhn mt lung duy nht. b) Broadcast : - Cc mng IP cng h tr chc nng truyn broadcast, v mt no ging nh knh IPTV c a ti mi thit b truy cp c kt ni vo mng bng rng. - Khi mt server c cu hnh truyn broadcast, mt knh IPTV gi ti tt c cc thit b IPTVCD c kt ni vo mng bt chp thu bao c yu cu knh hay khng. y s l vn chnh do cc ti nguyn IPTVCD bt buc phi hot ng x l cc gi tin khng mong mun. Mt vn khc m broadcast khng ph hp cho cc ng dng IPTV l trong thc t k thut truyn thng tin ny khng h tr vic nh tuyn. T lu, hu ht cc mng m rng vic s dng cc router, nhng nu truyn broadcast th khng s dng nh tuyn. y l l do lm mng v cc thit b IPTVCD khc b trn ngp khi tt c cc knh c gi ti tt c mi ngi. c) Multicast : Trong phm vi trin khai IPTV, mi nhm multicast c truyn broadcast cc knh truyn hnh v cc thnh vin ca nhm tng ng vi cc thit b IPTVCD. V th, mi knh IPTV ch c a ti IP-STB mun xem knh . y l cch hn ch c lng tiu th bng thng tng i thp v gim gnh nng x l trn server. Hnh v bn di m t tc ng ca vic s dng k thut multicast trong v d phn phi cho nm thu bao truy cp Knh 10 IPTV cng mt lc. Nh ta thy trn hnh , ch bn copy n (single) c gi t server ni dung ti router phn phi. Router ny s to ra hai bn copy ca lung thng tin ti v gi chng ti cc router t ti cc tng i khu vc theo cc kt ni IP nh hng. Sau , mi router s to ra cc bn copy khc cung cp cho cc thu bao mun xem. Vai tr quan trng ca phng thc ny l lm gim s kt ni IP v dung lng d liu i ngang qua mng. y l phng thc thng c cc nh cung cp dch v s

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dng pht qung b cc chng trnh trc tip v l mt k thut c hiu sut cao cho h tng mng IP ang tn ti. Phng thc ny khng c li trong tuyn hng ln (upstream) lung thng tin gia cc thit b IPTVCD v broadcast server. Cn ch rng, vic pht multicast ni dung IPTV thng phc tp hn nhiu nu so snh vi m hnh thng tin unicast v broadcast.

Cc kt ni c s dng trong k thut Multicast 4. Vn x l ni dung : Cc h thng x l ni dung tip nhn cc tn hiu video thi gian thc t rt nhiu ngun khc nhau, hnh thc ca chng l mt nh dng thch hp STB c th gii m v hin th trn mn hnh. Tin trnh ny bao gm cc chc nng sau: * Nn: cc ngun video tng t, qu trnh nn s c thc thi trn mi tn hiu video trc khi n c pht ln h thng IPTV. Tc cao nht ca d liu video v di

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ca gi tin c thc hin sao cho ph hp vi tt c cc ngun video u vo, v n gin ha cng vic truyn dn v cc chc nng ghp knh. * Chuyn m: cc lung video tng t c nh dng s, i khi n cn c chuyn i sang thuc tnh MPEG hoc cp lung ti thch hp vi cc b STB. Chuyn m ni dung nh dng HD cung cp cc chun chuyn m gc l MPEG-2 thnh H.264 c c bng thng thp hn cho cc mng DSL. * Chuyn i tc : bn cht ca vic chuyn i tc l tin trnh chuyn i tc bit ca lung video s ti. V d nh lung chun SD l 4,5 Mbps c th cn phi gim xung 2,5 Mbps s dng trong h thng IPTV. * Nhn dng chng trnh: mi lung video cn c ghi mt nhn duy nht trong h thng IPTV, do cc thit b ghp knh v cc b STB c th xc nh chnh xc cc lung video. Mi chng trnh audio hay video bn trong mi lung truyn dn MPEG phi c x l m bo khng c s trng ln chng trnh. Vic x l ni dung c th c thc thi trn mt lung video trc tip hoc c lu tr bn trong video server. 5. VoD v Video server : Cu trc ca h thng VoD s dng cng ngh video-over-IP trn hnh bn di bao gm 4 thnh phn chnh : u tin, ni dung phi c x l cho vic lu tr v phn phi bng qu trnh nn v mt m ti trm tin x l ni dung. Mt VoD server lu tr ni dung v to lung gi ti thu bao. Mi thu bao s c mt b STB nhn v gii m ni dung, sau a ln mn hnh hin th. B STB cng cung cp cho thu bao mt danh sch cc dch v t thnh phn qun l thu bao v h thng truy cp c iu kin. y l mt h thng con nhn cc lnh t thu bao, gi nhng lnh thch hp ti VoD server v phn phi cc key gii m cho cc b STB.

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Cu trc h thng VoD Cc video server l yu t cn thit cho mi h thng VoD, do chng to ra cc lung video trong thc t v gi chng ti mi thu bao. Cc server c dung lng b nh ln nh khc nhau ty thuc vo cc ng dng khc nhau. Trong phn ny ch cp n mt s kha cnh ca cc server v cch thc chng c s dng cho vic phn phi ni dung. Dung lng lu tr ni dung c h tr trn mt server c th ln hoc nh. S khng ph hp nu server lu tr nhiu nhng ch phc v mt s t thu bao. Khi u t xy dng mt server, cn phi ch ti dung lng ca server c th p ng cc yu cu t ra. Video server c th l mt trong cc loi sau: * Cc server sn xut c s dng trong cng vic sn xut cc video, v d nh trong cc mng truyn hnh. cho cc i tng ny, mt server cn phi c c ni dung l tng nht trong cc nh dng khc nhau v nhanh chng phn phi cc file cha ni dung ti thu bao khi h cn, cc server ny dung lng thng rt nh. Thay vo , l cc thit b c dung lng ln v h tr tt vic tm ni dung, bao gm cc cng c h tr d liu ln v d liu l cc file gm nhiu phin bn. * Cc server c nhn v cng ty c s dng trong trng hp c s lungvideo phn phi ng thi thp, v d nh mt gian hng trng by ca cng ty c t 5 n 10 ngi xem cng mt lc. y l loi server thng c xy dng trn PC vi cc phn mm c chuyn dng ha.

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* Cc nh cung cp server cn cc server c thit k c bit c kh nng lu tr hng nghn gi ni dung chng trnh v kh nng phn phi ti hng trm hoc hng nghn ngi xem cng mt lc. Dung lng ca cc h thng ny tht s rt ln; v d cung cp cho 1000 user cng mt lc, vi mi user l mt lung 2,5 Mbps. Nh vy server cn c tc d liu xut ra l 2,5 Gbps. Cc nh cung cp s dng hai phng thc phn phi server trong mng ca h, nh hnh di y : * u tin l phng thc tp trung ha, cc server ln, dung lng cao c xy dng ti nhng v tr trung tm, chng phn phi ni dung cho thu bao thng qua cc lin kt tc cao kt ni ti mi nh cung cp dch v ni ht. * Phng thc th hai l phn phi ha server, cc server nh hn c t ti cc v tr gn thu bao v server ch cung cp cho cc thu bao trong vng . Trung tm Library server s download cc bn copy ni dung cung cp cho cc Hub server phn phi c yu cu. Trong phng thc tp trung ha th gim c s lng server cn phi xy dng, gim gi thnh trong vic truyn dn v lu tr ni dung ti cc v tr khc nhau. Cn trong phng thc phn phi ha th gim c s lng bng thng cn thit gia cc v tr. C hai phng thc u c s dng trong thc t, dung lng ca VoD server ph thuc vo cu trc h thng v s thch ca ngi xem.

M hnh trin khai Server

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6. Cc h thng h tr hot ng : Vic phn phi cc dch v video ti khch hng yu cu nhiu thit b phn cng c tin cy cao. Mt phn mm ln cng c yu cu qun l s lng cng vic khng l , t vic thng bo cho khch hng v cc chng trnh trn cc knh broadcast khc nhau cho ti d liu cn thit cho vic lp ho n cc dch v m khch hng ng k. Tp trung li, cc h thng phn mm ny gi l h thng h tr hot ng OSS (Operations Support Systems) v n c th bao gm nhiu dng khc nhau. Mt s chc nng c cung cp bi cc h thng IPTV OSS nh sau : * Hng dn chng trnh in t EPG (Electronic Program Guide) : Cung cp cho ngi xem lch pht knh broadcast v tn cc chng trnh VoD sn c. Hng dn ny c th bao gm c cc knh broadcast thng qua vic la chn chng trnh hoc hng dn chng trnh tng tc cho php user ln lch cc knh c pht trong tng lai. Mt s cc nh khai thc dch v IPTV s dng cc cng ty bn ngoi cung cp d liu hng dn chng trnh. * H thng phn quyn c yu cu khi cc thu bao ng k xem ni dung thng qua h thng IPTV. H thng ny cn c kh nng kim tra thng tin ti khon ca khch hng, l cn c h thng phn quyn c th p ng cc yu cu ca thu bao hay khng. H thng ny cn kt ni vi h thng lp ho n thu bao. * Truy cp ni dung trc tuyn (e-mail, web) c cung cp bi mt s h thng IPTV, cho php user c th xem ni dung trn PC tng t nh xem trn Tivi nhng khng cn b gii m IP STB. * H thng lp ho n v qun l thu bao s bo qun d liu chnh v mi thu bao, bao gm hp ng, cc chi tit ho n, cc trng thi ti khon, v cc thng s nhn dng thit b. Cc h thng OSS c th l thnh phn u t chnh ca cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV v c thi gian ln tin bc. Bi v n m bo cc phn mm cn thit c mua t nhiu nh cung cp khc nhau s thc thi y cc chc nng c la chn bi nh cung cp. Vic tch hp cc h thng ny c th mt nhiu thng, v nhiu cng vic cn c hon thnh trc khi cung cp dch v cho s lng ln thu bao. Chi ph lp t cc h thng OSS cn c xem xt cn thn trong k hoch kinh doanh ca cc nh cung cp dch v, vic tnh ton chi ph lp t OSS nm trong giai on u tin ca k hoch trin khai, cc chi ph ny c th vt tri gi thnh ca phn cng h thng cho s lng thu bao thp hn. Hn na, gi thnh bo dng c s d liu s khng c xem xt khi trin khai m hnh kinh doanh cho mt h thng IPTV.

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7. Cc dch v v ng dng ca IPTV :

Tm hiu cng ngh IPTV

Cc ng dng cho trin khai IPTV cung cp vic phn phi truyn hnh qung b s cng nh dch v VoD. Nh vy, n cho php cc nh cung cp a ra dch v gi l triple play bao gm truyn hnh, thoi v d liu. H tng mng IPTV cng cung cp hu ht cc ng dng video cng thm sau khi vic lp t h tng mng ti cc v tr ph hp. Nhng trong phn ny ch trnh by mt s dch v c trin khai bi cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV ti Vit Nam. l truyn hnh qung b k thut s, dch v VoD v qung co c a ch. a) Truyn hnh qung b k thut s : Khch hng s nhn c truyn hnh s thng thng bng IPTV. Truyn hnh qung b s c phn phi ti thu bao thng qua truyn hnh cp c nng cp hoc h thng v tinh. S khi u ca cc cng ngh DSL tc cao hn nh ADSL2 v ADSL2+ mang n mt cuc cch mng ln trong lnh vc ny. Vi cc cng ngh tc cao ny cho php IPTV c thm tin cy v tnh cnh tranh vi cc dch v truyn hnh thu ph khc. IPTV c y kh nng a ra cc dch v cht lng cao khc nhau v nhiu dch v hn so vi cc nh cung cp truyn hnh thu ph cp v v tinh trong qu kh. Mt li ch khc ca IPTV l n c nhiu ni dung v s knh ln hn la chn, ty thuc vo s thch ca khch hng. c bit khch hng c th t chn la ngun ni dung a dng ny. Chc nng ca truyn hnh qung b thng thng, truyn hnh cp v v tinh l cung cp tt c cc knh ng thi ti nh thu bao. Tuy nhin, IPTV ch phn phi cc knh m khch hng mun xem v n c kh nng cung cp khng gii hn s knh ny. Khch hng s t do iu khin nhng g h mun xem v xem vo bt c lc no h mun. y l c tnh vn c v c th xy ra ca IPTV v n c s kt hp ca kh nng tng tc hai chiu trn nn mng IP. b) Video theo yu cu VoD : * VoD l dch v cung cp cc chng trnh truyn hnh da trn cc yu cu ca thu bao. Cc dch v truyn hnh c pht i t cc b lu tr phim truyn, chng trnh gio dc hay tin tc thi s thi gian thc. ng dng VoD cung cp cho tng thu bao ring l chn ni dung video v h xem n vo lc thch hp nht. * Khi h tng mng IPTV u tin c thit k th cc ng dng v cc dch v to li nhun nh in thoi video, hi thoi truyn hnh, o to t xa v camera gim st an

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ninh ti nh u c th cung cp cho khch hng. C thm mt s dch v v c tnh tin tin hn so vi h thng truyn hnh qung b truyn thng. c) Qung co c a ch : Thng tin tin nhn c bit hoc ni dung a phng tin gia thit b v khch hng da trn a ch ca h gi l qung co c a ch. a ch c cng b ca khch hng c th bit c thng qua vic xem xt k profile ca ngi xem. N c thc hin bi lnh xc nh d tin nhn qung co ph hp hoc khng ph hp vi ngi nhn. V th, qung co c a ch cho php tnh ton nhanh chng v chnh xc hiu qu ca chin dch qung co. S hp tc ca ngi xem l din mo ca qung co c a ch. Ngay khi truyn hnh IP c bt u, cc h thng truyn hnh IP c th hi hoc nhc nh ngi xem khai bo tn ca h t danh sch ng k. i li, ngi xem s mun chn tn chng trnh ca h. Ti y, tn chng trnh c mt profile v cc tin nhn qung co c th c la chn, cch xem tt nht l kt ni ti profile ca ngi xem. Bi v, cc c tnh tin tin c a ra ca truyn hnh IP v d nh cc cuc gi ti, e-mail v hng dn chng trnh u nh cc knh u thch, ngi xem c th thc s xem chng. Thu nhp c to ra bng cch gi cc tin nhn qung co c a ch ti ngi xem, vi cc profile c bit c th ln gp 10 n 100 ln thu nhp t qung co qung b thng thng. Kh nng gi cc qung co thng mi ti mt s ngi xemc bit cho php cc nh qung co c nh c qu u t chnh xc cho qung co c a ch. N cng cho php cc nh qung co th nghim mt s qung co thng mi khc trong cng mt vng ti cng mt thi im.

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Chng III - CC K THUT PHN PHI MNG IPTV Phn chnh ca chng ny l tp trung din gii cc cng ngh mng phn phi IPTV. Ngoi ra chng ny cng phn tch cc cng ngh mng li c bn trin khai cc dch v IPTV. 1. Cc loi mng truy cp bng rng : Mt thch thc c bn t ra i vi cc nh cung cp dch v l vic cung cp dung lng bng thng trong mng sng gia mng li backbone v thit b u cui ti nh thu bao. Theo tm hiu c bn loi mng truy cp (c dy dn) bng rng khc nhau c kh nng cung cp cc yu cu v bng thng ca dch v IPTV l : * Mng truy cp cp quang. * Mng DSL * Mng cp truyn hnh * Mng Internet. Ty thuc vo iu kin ti nguyn mng v nhu cu thc t m cc nh cung cp dch v c th la chn cc h thng phn phi khc nhau. 2. IPTV phn phi trn mng truy cp cp quang : Cc lin kt cp quang cung cp cho khch hng u cui mt kt ni chuyn dng tt nht thun tin cho vic tip nhn ni dung IPTV. Cc cng ngh v sn xut si quang gn y cho kh nng bng thng ln hn, t c th thc thi mt trong cc cu trc mng sau * Cp quang ti khu vc vn phng (FTTRO Fiber to the regional office): si quang t trung tm d liu IPTV ti khu vc vn phng mt cch gn nht c lp t bi cc cng ty vin thng hoc cng ty cp. Sau si cp ng s c s dng truyn tn hiu ti ngi dng u cui IPTV trong khu vc vn phng . * Cp quang ti vng ln cn (FTTN Fiber to the neighborhood): nh ta bit si quang c tp trung ti cc node, FTTN i hi thit lp si quang t trung tm d liu IPTV ti b chia vng ln cn. y l v tr node c khong cch nh hn 1,5 Km tnh t nh thu bao. Vic trin khai FTTN cho php ngi dng nhn mt gi cc dch v tr tin bao gm truyn hnh IPTV, truyn hnh cht lng cao v video theo yu cu.

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* Cp quang ti l ng (FTTC Fiber to the curd ): si quang c lp t t trung tm d liu IPTV ti cc t cp c t ti l ng. T mt si dy cp ng hoc cp ng trc c s dng ni t u cui cp quang trong t cp ti v tr thit b IPTV ca nh thu bao. * Cp quang ti nh khch hng (FTTH Fiber to the home): vi si quang ti nh khch hng, ton b cc nh tuyn t trung tm d liu IPTV ti nh khch hng u c kt ni bi si quang ny. FTTH da trn mng quang c kh nng phn phi dung lng d liu cao ti ngi s dng trong h thng. FTTH l h thng thng tin song knh v h tr tnh nng tng tc ca cc dch v IPTV. Vic phn phi nhng cu trc mng ny thng c trin khai bng hai loi mng khc nhau mt cht l mng quang th ng v mng quang tch cc. a) Mng quang th ng : - Mng quang th ng PON (Passive Optical Network) l cng ngh mng kt ni im a im. Mng s dng cc bc sng khc nhau truyn d liu t trung tm d liu IPTV ti cc im ch m khng c cc thnh phn in. Mng quang th ng c xy dng da trn cc mng FTTx theo cc tiu chun quc t. Tiu chun G.983 ca ITU l tiu chun ang c s dng hin nay. - Mng PON theo tiu chun G.983 bao gm mt kt cui ng quang OLT (Optical Line Termination) c t ti trung tm d liu IPTV v mt s cc kt cui mng quang ONT (Optical Network Termination) c lp t ti thit b u cui ngi dng. Trong trng hp ny, cc k thut truyn ti d liu tc cao trn cp ng c s dng (v d nh DSL) truyn cc tn hiu IPTV vo thit b u cui ca mi h gia nh. - Kt cui ng quang OLT bao gm cp quang v cc b chia quang nh tuyn lu lng mng ti cc kt cui mng quang ONT. * Cp quang : Kt cui OLT v cc ONT khc nhau c kt ni vi nhau bng cp quang. Vi truyn dn bng cp quang th can nhiu thp v bng thng cao. Theo tiu chun G.983 cho php mng PON truyn cc tn hiu nh sng c s ha vi khong cch ti a l 20 Km m khng s dng b khuch i. * B chia quang : c s dng chia tn hiu ti thnh nhng tn hiu n l m khng thay i trng thi ca tn hiu, khng bin i quang - in hoc in quang. B chia quang cng c s dng kt hp nhiu tn hiu quang thnh mt tn hiu quang n. B chia quang cho php 32 h gia nh chia s bng thng ca mng FFTx.

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Cp quang v b chia quang l cc thit b th ng, vic s dng cc thit b th ng truyn dn cc bc sng qua mng m khng cn cung cp ngun t xa gim chi ph vn hnh v bo dng. Mc ch chnh ca ONT l cung cp cho cc thu bao IPTV mt giao din vi mng PON. N nhn lung tn hiu dng nh sng, gim st a ch c gn trong cc gi tin v chuyn i thnh tn cc tn hiu in. Kt cui ONT c th nh v bn trong hoc bn ngoi nh thu bao, c cung cp ngun t trong nh v bao gm cc mch vng (bypass) cho php in thoi vn hot ng bnh thng khi ngun b hng. Phn ln cc kt cui ONT gm c mt giao din Ethernet cho ng d liu, mt cng RJ-11 cho kt ni vo h thng in thoi gia nh v mt giao din cp ng trc cung cp cc kt ni ti Tivi. Kt cui ONT cng lm nhim v chuyn i d liu thnh tn hiu quang truyn trn mng PON.

Mng IPTV/FTTH s dng cng ngh PON (Trn hnh mt si quang n c ko t trung tm d liu IPTV ti mt b chia quang, v tr ca b chia quang c t rt gn nh thu bao. Bng thng trn si quang c chia s v c kh nng h tr dung lng cao t 622 Mbps ti vi Gbps).

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- Mng PON trn hnh cng m t 3 loi bc sng truyn dn khc nhau. Bc sng u tin c s dng mang lu lng Internet tc cao. Bc sng th hai c ch nh mang cc dch v IPTV v bc sng th ba c th c s dng mang lu lng tng tc t nh thu bao tr li nh cung cp dch v. - Mng PON trn hnh cng m t thit b ghp knh theo bc sng WDM, WDM c lp t ti trung tm d liu IPTV v bn trong kt cui OLT cho php mng PON h tr truyn dn nhiu knh song song hoc nhiu bc sng trn mt si quang. Nh vy, s to mt s knh quang o trn mt si quang n. Trong WDM, dung lng ca mng c tng ln bng vic gn bc sng bt u t ngun quang n cc bc sng ring bit trn ph tn truyn dn quang. C 3 cng ngh mng PON l BPON, EPON v GPON h tr c truyn hnh v tuyn truyn thng v IPTV. * Mng BPON : - Mng quang th ng bng rng PON da trn tiu chun G.983 ca ITU-T. y l topology mng FTTx h tr cc tc d liu ln n 622 Mbps cho hng xung v 155 Mbps cho hng ln. Nh vy, y l phng thc truyn bt i xng, do lung d liu xung trong truyn dn point-to-point l gia OLT v ONT, ngc li ng ln l t ONT c sinh ra ti cc khe thi gian truyn dn d liu.Vic gn cc khe thi gian lm gim bt s xung t lu lng gia cc ONT trn mng; tuy nhin n lm gim ton b tc d liu ca knh thng tin hng ln. Lu rng BPON cng c th c cu hnh h tr lu lng d liu i xng. BPON s dng chuyn mch ATM nh l giao thc vn chuyn. Cc mng da trn nn ATM hu ht u phn phi cc ng dng d liu, thoi v video tc cao. Chuyn mch ATM chia tt c thng tin truyn i thnh cc block nh gi l cc cell, v th n l cng ngh c tc rt cao. Cc cell c c dnh kch thc, mi cell c 5 byte header v trng thng tin cha 48 byte d liu. Trng thng tin ca cell ATM mang ni dung IPTV, ngc li header cha thng tin thch hp thc hin chc nng l giao thc ATM. ATM c phn loi nh l giao thc nh hng kt ni, cc kt ni gia u thu v u pht c thit lp trc truyn d liu video IP trn mng. Kh nng gi trc bng thng cho cc ng dng nhy vi tr l mt c tnh khc ca mng ATM. y l c tnh thng c s dng phn phi cc dch v IPTV. Vic phn phi cc knh ring bit cho cc dch v khc nhau gip loi b c can nhiu. * Mng EPON :

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Mng quang th ng EPON l mng truy cp c pht trin bi mt nhm gi l EFM (Ethernet in the First Mile) ca IEEE v c chp nhn nh l mt chun vo nm 2004. Nh tn ca n, EPON l mng PON s dng Ethernet lm c ch truyn dn. Cc tc h tr ph thuc vo khong cch gia OLT v ONT. Lu rng cc mng EPON ch h tr lu lng mng Ethernet. * Mng GPON : - Mng quang th ng GPON l h thng truy cp da trn tiu chun G.984 ca ITU-T. GPON v c bn l nng cp cho BPON, GPON h tr cho cc tc truyn dn hng xung cao hn, c th l 2,5 Gbits hng xung v 1,5 Gbits hng ln, y l cc tc t c cho khong cch ln ti 20 km. Ngoi ra GPON cn h tr cc giao thc nh Ethernet, ATM v SONET, v cc c tnh bo an c ci tin. - GPON cung cp cc h tr a giao thc cho php cc nh khai thc mng tip tc cung cp cho khch hng cc dch v vin thng truyn thng, trong khi cng d dng gii thiu cc dch v mi nh IPTV vo h tng mng ca h. Bng bn di tm tt c tnh ca cc cng ngh mng PON c s dng truyn ti tn hiu IPTV. Vi s quan tm pht trin cng ngh mng PON trong tng lai thnh mng truy cp dch v y , IEEE tip tc pht trin mng PON th h tip theo. Ti thi im ny, bt u c hai cng ngh mng PON mi l WDM-PON v 10G-PON.

Bng so snh cc cng ngh XPON b) Mng quang tch cc : Mng quang tch cc AON (Active optical network) s dng cc thnh phn in gia trung tm d liu IPTV v u cui ngi dng. Trong thc t, cu trc mng AON s dng cc chuyn mch Ethernet t ti v tr gia trung tm d liu IPTV v im kt cui ca mng cp quang.

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3. IPTV phn phi trn mng ADSL : - DSL l cng ngh cho php cc nh cung cp vin thng phn phi cc dch v bngthng ln trn si dy cp ng ang dng ch truyn thoi. N lm bin i h tng mng cp in thoi ang tn ti gia tng i ni ht v in thoi nh khch hng thnh ng dy s tc cao. y l kh nng cho php cc cng ty in thoi s dng mng ang c ca h cung cp cc dch v d liu Internet tc cao cho thu bao. - Bng thng l mt vn quan trng trong vic phn phi cc dch v IPTV th h mi. Mt s mng bng rng da trn DSL hin c c k tha t cc chun DSL, n khng ch n gin l c kh nng h tr cc dch v video tc cao. Hu ht cc mng b hn ch trong vic phn phi lung d liu IP ti mi h gia nh. Trong mt s trng hp n khng th gi tn hiu truyn hnh cht lng chun trn mng truy cp DSL. Vic tng qu trnh thc thi c yu cu cho IPTV c th t c bng cch trin khai cc cng ngh DSL nh ADSL, ADSL2+ v VDSL. a) ADSL : - ng dy thu bao k thut s bt i xng ADSL l k thut trong h xDSL c s dng rng ri nht hin nay trn cc mng vin thng th gii. ADSL l cng ngh kt ni im im, n cho php cc nh cung cp vin thng phn phi cc dch v bng thng rng trn ng dy cp ng in thoi ang tn ti. N c gi l bt i xng v thng tin c truyn t trung tm d liu ti thit b IPTVCD nhanh hn thng tin c truyn t IPTVCD ti trung tm d liu. Cng v th c tnh kt ni im im ca ADSL loi tr c cc bin i v bng thng ca mi trng mng chia s. - Bng vic s dng cc k thut c trng, ADSL cho php tc downstream l 8 Mbps v tc upstream l 1,5 Mbps. Bi vy, mt kt ni ADSL ch cho ng thi hai knh truyn hnh qung b theo chun MPEG-2 v mt kt ni Internet tc cao. im tr ngi chnh ca ADSL l ph thuc vo khong cch tnh t trung tm d liu ca nh cung cp ti nh khch hng. Nu nh khch hng gn trung tm d liu th cht lng dch v tt hn nhng nh xa. Dch v ADSL gii hn khong cch trn l 18.000 ft hay 5,5 Km. - Cc thit b ADSL cung cp mt kt ni k thut s trn mng PSTN, tuy nhin tn hiu truyn l tn hiu tng t. Cc mch ADSL phi s dng tn hiu tng t v mng mch vng ni ht (local loop) khng c kh nng truyn cc tn hiu m ha dng s. V th, mt modem ti trung tm d liu IPTV chu trch nhim chuyn i d liu s thnh cc tn hiu tng t c th truyn c. Tng t, ti nh khch hng cng c mt

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modem chu trch nhim chuyn i cc tn hiu tng t thnh tn hiu s ban u trc khi i vo thit b IPTVCD. Cc thit b c s dng trin khai dch v IPTV trn mng ADSL : * Modem ADSL: ti nh thu bao c mt b thu pht ADSL hoc modem. Modem thng kt ni bng cng USB hoc giao tip Ethernet t mng gia nh hoc PC ti ng line DSL. a s modem hin ny u c tch hp chc nng nh tuyn h tr cc dch v d liu v truy cp Internet tc cao. * B lc POTS: ngi dng c kt ni vi Internet bng kt ni bng thng rng ADSL s s dng mt thit b gi l b lc POTS lc tn hiu d liu t cc tn hiu thoi. B lc s lc tn hiu ti thnh tn hiu tn s thp a ti in thoi v tn s cao a ti mng gia nh. * DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer: b ghp knh truy cp ng dy thu bao s. Ti mi tng i khu vc (Regional Office) ca nh cung cp dch v IPTV, DSLAM nhn cc kt ni ca thu bao trn ng dy cp ng, tp hp chng li v kt ni tr li trung tm d liu IPTV bng cp quang tc cao da trn mng ng trc. trin khai IPTV, DSLAM thng h tr truyn dn a im (multicast) v th khng cn phi ti to li cc knh cho tng yu cu t mt ngi xem IPTV. DSLAM chu trch nhim trong vic phn phi ni dung IPTV t tng i khu vc ti cc thu bao IPTV. DSLAM c hai loi l DSLAM lp 2 v DSLAM nhn bit IP.

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IPTV trn cu trc mng ADSL * DSLAM lp 2: hot ng ti lp 2 trong m hnh OSI v thc hin cc chc nng nh chuyn mch lu lng gia Ethernet v ATM, chuyn tip cc lu lng mng ngc dng (up-stream) v ngn nga can nhiu gia cc thu bao IPTV. Vic chuyn mch gia cc mch o ATM v cc gi Ethernet ngc dng c d dng bng cch s dng c ch bc cu. * DSLAM nhn bit IP: h tr cc giao thc IP hot ng ti lp 3 trong m hnh OSI. Cc chc nng tin tin c tch hp trong cc DSLAM nhn bit IP l ti to cc knh truyn hnh qung b v knh thc hin theo lnh. Thc s ADSL l mt tng cho cc dch v tng tc khc nhau, tuy nhin, khng phi l gii php tt nht phn phi ni dung IPTV do cc nguyn nhn sau: * Tc d liu: tc ti a ca ADSL l 8 Mbps ch h tr s dng tt cho hai knh truyn hnh cht lng cao v mt s lu lng Internet, tuy nhin n s khng th p ng c cho cc nh cung cp IPTV khi phn phi cc chng trnh ln ti thu bao ca h.

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* Tnh tng tc: v cng ngh ADSL tc download thp hn tc upload, do vy n s hn ch trong vic cung cp cc dch v ngang hng (peer-topeer) yu cu bng thng download v upload bng nhau. Cng v th, cc nh cung cp dch v mng bt u trin khai cc cng ngh ADSL tin tin khc phc cc hn ch, v ADSL2 l mt trong cc gii php . b) ADSL 2 : Cc chun ca h ADSL2 c a ra p ng cc yu cu v bng thng, h tr cho cc ng dng yu cu bng thng ln nh IPTV. C 3 loi khc nhau ca h ADSL2: * ADSL2: ADSL2 l phin bn u tin ca ADSL2 c ph chun bi ITU vo nm 2003. ADSL2 bao gm mt s ci tin so vi chun ADSL gc l t tn khc, cc tc download cao hn v khong cch t tng i trung tm ti modem ca thu bao xa hn. * ADSL2+: ADSL2+ c chun ha sau ADSL2. y l chun xy dng trn ADSL2 v cho php cc nh cung cp dch v mng a ra cc tc ln ti20 Mbps v hot ng tt trong khong 1,5 Km tnh t tng i trung tm ti modem nh thu bao. * ADSL(Reach): cng ngh pht trin ADSL2 vt ln khong cch 1,5 Kmtnh t tng i trung tm ti nh thu bao c gi l ADSL m rng hay vit tt l RE-ADSL2 (ADSL- Reach). RE-ADSL2 c chun ha nm 2003 cho php cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV tng khong cch ln ti 6 Km tnh t tng i trung tm gn nht ti nh thu bao. N l cng ngh tt nht thc thi c trong gii hn v khong cch v tc trn cc si cp ng. c) VDSL : ng dy thu bao s tc cao VDSL (Very high speed Digital Subscriber Line) da trn nhng nguyn l c bn nh cng ngh ADSL2+. N l cng ngh DSL mi nht v phc tp nht ti thi im ny, v n c pht trin khc phc cc khuyt im ca cc phin bn cng ngh truy cp ADSL trc y. N loi tr c hin tng tht c chai v h tr kh nng tc rt ln cho php cc nh cung cp dch v iu kin a ra cho cc thu bao IPTV rt nhiu dch v la chn bao gm c VoD v truyn hnh qung b nh dng HD. VDSL cng c thit k h tr cc truyn dn ca chuyn mch ATM v lu lng IP trn cp ng, iu rt c li cho cc nh cung cp khi h mun k tha cc mng ATM trn h tng mng IP. Mt s thnh vin trong h gia nh VDSL nh sau:

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- VDSL1: y l cng ngh c thng qua nm 2004. N hot ng ti tc gii hn cao hn 55 Mbps cho knh hng xung v 15 Mbps cho hng ln. Tuy nhin n ch hot ng c trong khong cch ngn. - VDSL2: l mt ci tin t VDSL1 v c nh ngha trong kin ngh G.993.2 ca ITUT. N c th c chia nh thnh VDSL2 (Long Reach) v VDSL2 (Short Reach). - VDSL2 (Long Reach): do thc t DSL ph thuc vo chiu di ca vng ni ht (local loop), mt phin bn VDSL c to ra phn phi cc dch v IPTV cho s lng ln khch hng, trong khi vn c hng kh nng truy cp bng rng tc cao. VDSL vi cc ci tin v khong cch c th cung cp cho cc thu bao IPTV tc truy cp bng rng l 30 Mbps cch tng i trung tm t 1,2 1,5 km. - VDSL2 (Short Reach): da trn iu ch DMT, cng ngh ny s dng 4096 tone, chia ra thnh cc bng tn 4 KHz v 8 KHz. Chun VDSL2 s dng k thut ghp knh cho php n hot ng tc cao gp 12 ln so vi chun ADSL, tc l 100 Mbps cho knh hng xung trong khong cch 350m. Mc d tc knh hng ln khng t c 100 Mbps, nhng cc tc vt tri hn so vi cc tc knh hng ln ca ADSL2+. Cc cp thc thi t c vi gi thit l khng c can nhiu trn si cp ng v cht lng ca cp l tt nht. Kh nng cung cp cho thu bao IPTV tc 100 Mbps truy cp dch v cho php cc nh khai thc bt u a ra cc dch v tng tc tin tin khc cho khch hng ca h. Cc c tnh mi ca VDSL2 nh ci thin cht lng dch v QoS v ci tin k thut m ha tt c u thch hp phn phi cc ng dng triple-play. Li ch quyt nh gip cng c v tr vng chc ca VDSL trong cng ngh DSL l tnh tng thch ngc v kh nng phi hp vi cc phin bn trc ca mng ADSL. iu ny cho php cc nh cung cp IPTV gii quyt n tha v c hiu qu trong vic pht trin cc mng th h mi da trn nn VDSL. C hai phng thc chnh c cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV s dng tch hp VDSL2 vo h tng mng ang c ca h. Phng thc th nht l thm cc thit b VDSL2 mi ti cc tng i khu vc v cho php DSLAM chy song song vi h thng DSLAM ADSL ang c. Phng thc th hai l t thit b VDSL2 gn thu bao IPTV. im tch cc chnh ca DSL cho cc h thng IPTV trong thc t l n li dng mng dy dn ang tn ti trn th gii hin nay. im tiu cc l tt c cc mng DSL u phi cn bng gia khong cch v dung lng bng thng, tc l tc ca DSL s gim nu khong cch t thu bao ti tng i trung tm tng ln.

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Bng so snh tnh nng cc cng ngh ADSL 4. IPTV phn ph trn mng truyn hnh cp : a) K thut HFC : K thut HFC ni n mt s cu hnh mng hn hp ca cp quang v cp ng trc c s dng phn phi li cc dch v truyn hnh k thut s. Cc mng xy dng da trn k thut HFC c mt s c tnh thun li chuyn giao cho cc dch v th h mi nh sau : * Mng HFC c kh nng truyn dn ng thi c tn hiu s v tn hiu tng t. y l c tnh rt quan trng cho cc nh khai thc mng. * Mng HFC c th chung ha gia vic tng dung lng v cc yu cu tin cy ca mt h thng IPTV. c im tng c dung lng ca h thng HFC cho php cc nh khai thc mng trin khai thm cc dch v m khng cn phi thay i ton b cu trc mng. * c tnh vt l ca cp ng trc v cp quang h tr mng hot ng tc vi Gbps.

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Mng HFC end to end Theo hnh ta thy cu trc ca mng HFC gm c ng trc chnh l cp quang kt ni theo cc node quang ti mng cp ng trc. Node quang hot ng nh mt giao tip, n kt ni cc tn hiu upstream v downstream i ngang qua mng cp quang v cp ng trc. Phn mng cp ng trc ca mng HFC s dng topology cy-phn nhnh, cc thu bao truyn hnh kt ni ti mng HFC theo mt thit b c bit gi l b chia cp Tap. Tn hiu truyn hnh s c pht t trung tm d liu ti cc node quang. Node quang phn phi tn hiu thng qua cp ng trc, b khch i v b chia cp Tap ti khch hng. b) IPTV phn phi trn mng truyn hnh cp : Do s cnh tranh v th trng kinh doanh truyn hnh thu ph t cc nh cung cp vin thng v nhng hiu qu ln v bng thng khi s dng k thut phn phi IP, dn ti cc nh khai thc mng truyn hnh cp phi hng ti s dng m hnh mng IP phn phi ni dung ti ngi dng.

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Vic chuyn mt mng da trn tn s v tuyn RF(Radio Frequency) sang mng chuyn mch video s SDV (Switched Digital Video) trn nn IP, d bng cch no th vn cn phi lp t mt s thit b mi t cc router ti b gii m IP STB (Set top box) v cc switch tc cao. Mt s u th ca vic trin khai sang mng chuyn mch SDV: - Mt s lng ln bng thng ca mng s c d tr bi v nh khai thc ch nhn c yu cu pht mt knh truyn hnh n l ti b gii m STB. y r rng l s tri ngc vi cc h thng c m tt c cc knh u c pht qung b trn mng v cc knh khng s dng vn chim gi bng thng. - Bng thng d tha cho php cc nh khai thc mng cp truyn hnh c th phn phi cc dch v v ni dung IPTV ti thu bao ca h. - Nhng nh khai thc mng cp truyn hnh c th o c v gim st mt cch chnh xc ni dung xem ca mi thu bao. y l mt c tnh quan trng cho cc nh khai thc mun to thm doach thu bng qung co.

M hnh trin khai mng IPTV kt hp RF v IP

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Mt s thit b phn cng c m t trn hnh bao gm: - Switch hay Router GigE: GiE (Gigabit Ethernet) ni ln nh l mt giao thc vn chuyn c la chn kt ni cc thnh phn mng IP. GigE thng c s dng cho cc ng dng i hi dung lng cao, v d nh VoD. Router GigE tp hp lu lng IPTV v cung cp cc kt ni ti mng truy cp li - Mng truyn dn quang: mng li cung cp con ng mng gia video server trong trung tm ni dung v cc b iu ch ti cc bin ca mng. Mng li c th l mng quang ng b SONET, mng ATM v mng ghp knh phn chia theo mt bc sng DWDM. - B iu ch bin: cc b iu ch c t ti cc tng i khu vc nhn ni dung IPTV t mng li, chuyn i ni dung t cc gi IP sang RF v phn phi trn mng HFC ti b gii m STB. Trong m hnh trn tt c ni dung u c iu ch thnh cc sng mang RF v c bin dch thnh RF bng rng ng ra, thng nm trong di t 50 cho ti 860 MHz. Mt s h thng hot ng vi tn s ln ti 1 GHz, vi cc tn s cao thng c dnh ring cho cc dch v thoi v d liu. 5. IPTV phn phi trn mng Internet : IPTV trin khai trn mng Internet c th l mt trong cc dng ng dng sau : a ) Cc knh truyn hnh Internet Sreaming : Vic phn phi cc knh truyn hnh trn Internet l mt ng dng rng ri ca IPTV, bao gm ni dung video c streaming t mt server ti cc thit b client c kh nng x l v hin th ni dung video. Cc loi thit b c s dng xem cc knh truyn hnh Internet thng l PC hoc PC trung tm a phng tin. Cc knhtruyn hnh Internet c streaming cng c th a vo in thoi di ng hoc b gii m STB. Ni dung cc knh truyn hnh Internet c streaming cng c th c phn phi theo thi gian thc v ngi xem c th xem li theo cch xem truyn thng. Qu trnh k thut streaming knh truyn hnh Internet thng bt u ti server streaming, ti ni dung video c ng vo trong cc gi IP, nn li v pht qua mng Internet ti PC client. PC c cc phn mm, thng l mt chng trnh tm duyt (browser), gii nn

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ni dung video v pht ra video cn sng. Khong thi gian t lc chn knh truyn hnh ti lc xem c thng ngn v ph thuc tc kt ni c th c gia server v client.

Cu trc mng cc knh truyn hnh Internet

Vic trin khai tt c cc knh truyn hnh Internet s yu cu mt server streaming, server ny s h tr cc chc nng sau: - Lu tr v khi phc ni dung video ngun. - iu khin tc cc gi video IP c phn phi ti thit b ca ngi xem. - Thc hin chuyn tip v chuyn ngc cc lnh yu cu t ngi xem truyn hnh Internet. Mt server streaming n lm vic tt khi phn phi s lng t cc knh truyn hnh ti mt s thu bao c gii hn. h tr cho vic phn phi nhiu knh ti hng trm hoc hng ngn thu bao IPTV, th cn phi trin khai mt s lng ln server streaming trn cc ng mng khc nhau. Cng vic streaming ni dung video hu ht u cn phi bo mt v ni dung khng c lu tr trn thit b truy cp ca khch hng. V th, vic sao chp ni dung tri php cn phi c ngn chn. Mt li th khc ca IPTV l kh nng hot ng hiu

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qu trn cc kt ni c bng thng thp v ngi xem c kh nng bt u xem ni dung ti mi im trong lung IPTV. Ci phn chia vic phn phi truyn hnh Internet khc vi cc c ch phn phi khc c din gii trong chng ny l cc v tr cng Internet khng thuc s hu ca nh cung cp IPTV hoc iu khin c s h tng s dng cho vic cung cp cc dch v video IP ti ngi s dng Internet. C s h tng mng ny thuc quyn s hu ca cc nh cung cp truyn hnh cp hoc cc cng ty vin thng. b) Download Internet : Nh tn gi, IPTV cho php khch hng download v xem ni dung theo yu cu. Hu ht cc dch v download Internet u phi tr tin hoc tr theo dung lng download, cc dch v bao gm tin tc ni b v bn tin thi tit, phim in nh, phim ni b v m nhc, ch dn gii tr v cc qung co c phn loi. Mt s v tr cng Internet trc tuyn gn y bt u tin hnh a ra cc th vin ni dung chng trnh IPTV c th download cho ngi s dng Internet. Trong hu ht cc trng hp, mi ngi u s dng PC xem cc chng trnh download, tuy nhin, mt s cng ty bt u cung cp thit b gii m STB cho nhng khch hng khng mun xem trn PC. Mt s c im ca cng ngh IPTV end-to-end da trn cc dch v download Internet: Cc giao thc mng: chun giao thc truyn tp tin FTP v giao thc truyn siu vn bn HTTP thng c s dng truyn ni dung IPTV t server ti client. Vic s dng cc giao thc trn gim thiu kh nng ni dung IPTV b ngn chn bi firewall. - Cng ngh server: chun phn mm Web server thng c s dng p ng cc yu cu v ni dung video. - Tc mng: thi gian download mt b phim trn Internet ph thuc vo tc ca kt ni bng rng v cht lng ni dung video. Cc b phim in nh nh dng SD v cc chng trnh download tng i nhanh so vi ni dung video dng HD. Mc d bng rng l dng kt ni c u thch hn nhng vn c th s dng cc lin kt dialup chm hn truy cp cc dch v download Internet. - Cc nhu cu v lu tr: c server v client u yu cu kh nng lu tr tin tin h tr x l cc tp tin IPTV ln. Mt s ng dng ca download Internet cho php cc thu bao IPTV ghi li mt bn copy ni dung video c download vo a DVD v xem bng u DVD. c) Chia s video ngang hng :

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ng dng chia s video ngang hng peer-to-peer cho php nhiu user xem, chia s v to ni dung video trc truyn. Vic s dng ng dng chia s video peer-to-peer khng phc tp v n thng l download v ci t mt s phn mm chuyn dng. Khi phn mm hot ng c trn PC, ngi dng ch cn click vo cc link download mt file video. Khi tin trnh download bt u, phn mm ng dng chia s video peer-topeer c thit lp cc kt ni v bt u ly ni dung video c yu cu t cc ngun khc nhau. Khi file video c download v ghi y vo cng th c th xem ni dung. 6. Cc cng ngh mng li IPTV : H tng mng IPTV i hi phi truyn ti c mt s lng ln ni dung video tc cao gia trung tm d liu IPTV v mng phn phi bng thng rng. Mt s chun truyn dn mng li c cc kh nng bo v cn thit m bo tin cy cao. Mi chun c mt s c tnh ring bit v tc truyn dn tn hiu v kh nng m rng. C ba loi cng ngh truyn dn mng li chnh c s dng lm h tng mng IPTV l ATM trn nn SONET/SDH, IP trn MPLS v Metro Ethernet.

H tng mng li IPTV a) ATM trn nn SONET/SDH : Nh bit, ATM c th h tr cc ng dng nh IPTV i hi bng thng cao v cc truyn dn c tr thp. ATM hot ng trn cc mng khc nhau bao gm c cp ng trc v cp xon i, tuy nhin n chy tc tt nht l trn cp quang. Lp

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vt l gi l mng quang ng b SONET (Synchronuos Optical Network) thng c s dng truyn ti cc cell ATM trn mng li. SONET l giao thc cung cp truyn dn tc cao s dng cp quang. Thut ng SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) c a ra cho cng ngh truyn dn quang theo tiu chun Chu u. Tc tn hiu SONET c o bng cc chun sng mang quang OC (Optical Carrier). SONET s dng ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) truyn nhiu lung d liu cng mt lc. Vi TDM, mng SONET nh r bng thng cho v tr khe thi gian c th trn di tn s. Vic gn trc cc khe thi gian nh vy s hot ng bt chp c d liu c truyn hay khng.

Cc chun OC SONET Trong mi trng IPTV, thit b SONET nhn mt s lung bit v kt hp thnh mt lung n, cc tc c kt hp thnh mt tc chung. V d, bn lung lu lng IPTV c tc 1 Gbps s c kt hp thnh lung 4 Gbps sau c chuyn tip ln mng cp quang. b) IP v MPLS : Mt s ln cc cng ty vin thng bt u trin khai giao thc Internet IP trn mng li ca h. Mc d IP nguyn bn khng bao gi c thit k vi cc c tnh nh QoS hoc kh nng phn bit lu lng, giao thc lm vic tt nht khi n kt hp vi mt cng ngh gi l chuyn mch nhn a giao thc MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching). MPLS cho php mng h tr vic phn phi c hiu qu cc dng lu lng video khc nhau trn mt nn mng chung. MPLS c thit k v xy dng bng vic s dng cc router chuyn mch nhn LSR (Label Switch Router) tin tin. Cc router ny chu trch nhim thit lp cc tuyn kt ni c nh hng ti cc ch ring bit trn mng IPTV. Cc tuyn o ny c gi l cc tuyn chuyn mch nhn LSP (Label Switched Path) v c cu hnh vi y ti

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nguyn chc chn truyn dn tri chy lu lng IPTV thng qua mng MPLS. Vic s dng LSP lm n gin ha v tng tc nh tuyn cc gi thng qua mng v vic gi gi kim tra ch xut hin ti cc li vo ca mng v khng yu cu ti mi router hop. Chc nng chnh khc ca LSR l xc nh cc kiu lu lng mng. y l iu t c bng vic thm MPLS header vo phn u ca mi gi tin IPTV.

nh dng MPLS Header Trong khi lu lng IPTV i ngang qua mng, MPLS thit lp cho cc router mt s bng nh tuyn ni b gi l c s thng tin nhn LIB (Label Information Bases) c tham kho xc nh chi tit c th hop k tip theo sut tuyn. Ngoi vic tham kho bng, mt nhn mi c c ng dng ng gi v c chuyn tip ti cng ra router thch hp. Li ch khc ca mng MPLS l h tr cc cp phc hi nhanh khi mng xut hin li.

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Topology mng li MPLS (hnh v miu t header c thm vo LSR li vo v c g b bi LSR li ra) c) Metro Ethernet : Cc c im k thut v hot ng ca cc mng li da trn Metro Ethernet bao gm: - Cc thit b khc nhau phi thch hp c trng v cng ngh mng li, l kh nng phc hi nhanh, hiu sut thc thi cao v nng m rng. - Mt s thnh phn mng Metro Ethernet hin i c th hot ng ti tc ln ti 100 Gbps vi khong cch xa. N cung cp cho cc nh cung cp dch v mt nn tng mng l tng c kh nng phn phi cc dch v gi tr gia tng mi nh IPTV cho khch hng khong cch xa tnh t tng i khu vc. - N thc thi c ch hi phc tinh vi cc li xy ra trn mng, do m bo cc dch v nh IPTV khng b nh hng do t qung. - Cc cng ngh Metro Ethernet h tr s dng vic kt ni cc mch o c nh hng, iu cho php cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV bo m vic phn phi ni dung video cht lng cao bn trong mng li. Cc lin kt chuyn dng ny c gi l cc kt ni o Ethernet EVC (Ethernet Virtual Connection).

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S dng cc EVC cung cp cc kt ni IPTV qua li mng Ngoi cc c im k thut bn trn, c im gim hin tng mt gi v tr thp ca Metro Ethernet lm cho n tr ln l tng hn trong cng ngh mng li truyn ti cc dch v IPTV.

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CHNG IV : QUN L MNG IPTV

Vic phn phi dch v truyn hnh trn mng IP tr thnh cc thch thc v mt cng ngh v thng mi cho cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV. Mt trong nhng thch thc xut hin u tin trong hot ng ca mng IPTV hng ngy, l nh cung cp dch v cn phi c nng lc qun l lu lng video v cc thnh phn h tng mng IP. Cc nh cung cp IPTV cn phi c mt h thng qun l mng NMS (Network Management System), l cc b phn gim st v nhn dng cc s c c th nh hng ti vic phn phi cc dch v truyn hnh ti khch hng. Ngoi vic qun l v cung cp cc dch v, cc nh khai thc mng IPTV cng cn phi bo m vic tip nhn dch v ca khch hng thun li hn so vi cc dch v c a ra t cc nh khai thc truyn hnh thu ph khc l truyn hnh cp v v tinh. Qun l mng ch r cc k thut v cc th tc c s dng gim st v iu khin mng. N bao gm mt s nhim v khc nhau: - H thng qun l mng IPTV. - Qun l ci t. - Gim st thc thi v kim tra mng. - Qun l d phng. - Qun l khng gian a ch IP. - X l cc s c IPTV. - Qun l quyn ni dung s. - Qun l cc yu cu QoS. 1. H thng qun l mng IPTV : Cc mng phn phi IPTV ngy nay to ra ngun thu nhp khng l cho cc nh khai thc. Tuy nhin vic qun l h thng IPTV end-to-end li l nhim v kh khn. Thnh thong, h thng c th mang n cc vn nh hng rt ln cho nh cung cp dch v IPTV. gim thiu ri ro v s c v mng, cc nh khai thc s dng h thng qun l mng NMS gim st cu trc mng IPTV end-to-end. Cc cng c c s dng m bo cu trc mng IPTV end-to-end t c thi gian hot ng hn 99,999% v m bo tn hiu video cht lng cao ti c khch hng. Nh , cc k thut v thit b khc nhau c kt hp li thnh mt h thng IPTV end-to-end, trung tm hot ng ca mng IPTV s cha mt s cc h thng khc nhau qun l cc phn ca mng khc nhau. Cc chc nng c thc thi bi h thng qun l IPTV c th bao gm: Quan st mng 24/7: mt h thng qun l mng NMS bao gm cc bn hin th thng tin cc tnh trng ca mt s thnh phn mng nh:

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Cc thit b v server trung tm d liu IPTV Cc thit b mng li IP Cc thit b mng truy cp Thit b khch hng IPTV Cc mng gia nh.

Tm hiu cng ngh IPTV

Ti u ha mng: NMS gip qu trnh ti u ha ti nguyn mng, h tr tng kh nng tch hp cc dch v da trn nn mng IP. H tr nhn vin k thut: NMS tp hp cc bn tin li t cc thnh phn h thng IPTV end-to-end h tr nhn vin k thut nhn bit nhanh v gii quyt cc s c c th xy ra hng ngy trn mng IPTV. Bo co: NMS tp hp cc trng thi ca cc thnh phn c bn ca mng thnh mt bo co h thng cho php ngi qun l mng IPTV: Theo di v nh gi cc on t qung ca dch v IPTV. Kim tra sc khe ca cc thnh phn mng Nhn dng cc vn tim tng trn mng thng qua phn tch chiu hng d liu. Ghi nhn vic s dng mng trong cc giai on c bit ch . Minh ha cc thnh phn mng bng th: cc giao din trc gic c trng cung cp mt th hoc bn cc trng thi c th xy ra i vi cc thnh phn h tng mng IPTV end-to-end. Qun l cc li ca server trung tm: cc server IPTV gi vai tr chin lc v cng quan trng trong mng truyn hnh bng rng. Khi cc server b down, nhiu thit b IPTVCD khng c kh nng hot ng chnh xc dn n kt qu l gim doanh thu ca nh khai thc IPTV. Vic gim st cc server trong thi gian thc l yu cu gim thi gian b down. NMS h tr vic gim st server bng cch gi cc thng bo cnh bo v cc s c ti nhn vin k thut. Qun l cu hnh: NMS s lu tr cc mc thng tin cu hnh ca mi thit b c kt ni vo mng IPTV trong c s d liu. Cc dng thng tin ny c th l a ch IP hay cc phin bn Middleware ca mi thit b gii m STB. NMS cho php nhn vin k thut thay i cc tham s trn. Qun l bng thng: IPTV l mt ng dng tn bng thng. V th cn phi ch c bit trong vic gim st s lng bng thng c s dng cho cc ng dng. NMS cho

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php cc nh cung cp dch v gi quyn iu khin cht ch vic s dng bng thng mng v ti u ha mng ca h cho cc ng dng trn nn IPTV. u tin ha lu lng: IPTV l ng dng nhy vi tr. ci thin cht lng dch v c phn phi ti user u cui, NMS cho php cc nh cung cp dch v u tin ha ni dung video trn cc ng dng khng nhy vi tr nh ng dng tm kim trn Internet v lu lng cc ng dng ngang hng. Mt s ci tin ca NMS cng h tr vic u tin ha lu lng mng trong khong thi gian no trong ngy. Qun l cc nht k mng: y l chc nng chu trch nhim ghi v lu tr nht k ca cc s kin xut hin trong thi gian hot ng ca mng IPTV. Thng tin nht k c lu tr gia cc NMS khc nhau, bao gm: Cc chi tit login v logout ca cc user IPTV. Cc chi tit thay i cu hnh ca h thng v thit b IPTVCD. Cc chi tit hot ng ca thit b mng. Cc thch thc cho nhng ngi qun l h thng IPTV kt hp vi d liu t cc NMS khc nhau thu c mt ci nhn tng th chnh xc v qu trnh thc thi ca mng. Thm na, nhng ngi qun l cng cn kh nng h tr cc phn cng khc chy phn mm NMS ng gi ti trung tm d liu IPTV. Mt h thng qun l IPTV thng s dng giao thc qun l mng n gin SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocl) iu khin v gim st cc thit b c kt ni vo mng.Ngoi ra vic qun l thit b bng trnh duyt web cng c s dng. a ) Giao thc SNMP qun l mng : Giao thc qun l mng n gin SNMP l phng thc mnh m gim st v iu khin cc thit b trn c mng IP v non-IP. N l mt cu trc xc nh cc thng s cn qun l ca thit b. SNMP phin bn gc c trin khai vo nm 1988 cho cc thit b trn mng IP, t n c lm thch nghi vi rt nhiu thit b v giao thc khc. Cc cng c thng mi khc u sn sng xy dng cc h thng SNMP. Ti cp c bn nht, SNMP l mt giao thc truyn tin xc nh cch thc thc thi ca h thng, d liu hot ng v cc lnh c tp hp t cc thit b ny. Hnh sau trnh by cch b tr ca h thng SNMP c bn.Cc thnh phn ca h thng bao gm: * Network manager l b phn chu trch nhim v cc hot ng chnh xc ca mng. * Management console l thnh phn c trang b cho Network manager, n chu trch nhim tp hp thng tin v mng, hin th thng tin v thc hin cc lnh qun l mng.

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* Network management software chy trn manager console thc hin cc nhim v nh hin th cc trng thi mng, cc cnh bo ng nhp v gi cc lnh ti cc thit b mng. Phn mm ny s dng qun l SNMP thu thp thng tin t cc thit b mng khc nhau. * SNMP manager chu trch nhim v thng tin qun l cc thit b c qun l, gi cc bn ghi chp v cc trng thi hin ti ca mng trn c s d liu ch c gi l c s thng tin qun l MIB (Management information base). * SNMP c s dng truyn t thng tin ti cc thit b khc nhau hnh thnh mng * Thit b 1 v 2 u c qun l trc tip do chng u c trang b mt SNMP agent v mt module c s d liu MIB ni b. SNMP agent chu trch nhim tp hp v lu tr trng thi thit b vo trong c s d liu MIB tr li cc lnh v cc yu cu cho d liu MIB t SNMP manager. SNMP agent cng c th pht ra cc yu cu c bit (gi l traps) ti SNMP manager trong cc trng hp c bit, v d nh cc yu cu khi ng li h thng ngay lp tc. * Thit b 3 v 4 khng c SNMP, v th c mt thit b c bit gi l proxy agent qun l chng. Proxy agent cha ng phn mm SNMP agent v mt module MIB bin dch d liu t cc thit b c gn vo. Proxy agent phi tp hp d liu t mi thit b bng mi cch c th, v d nh cc cng serial trn thit b, gim st cc giao tip hoc cc phng thc khc.

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H thng SNMP n gin Mt trong nhng li ch ln nht ca h thng SNMP l tp hp d liu v cc chc nng hin th c th c t ng ha. D liu t mi thit b c th c tp hp mt cch nh k phn tch mi hot ng c th xy ra. V d, SNMP thng c s dng tp hp d liu thc thi mng nh s lng gi b mt v hin th n cho Network manager. Hin tng nghn trn mt lin kt vt qu gii hn, lin kt ny c th thay i mu sc trn mn hnh Management console v c th bt u nhp nhy. N s bo hiu cho Network manager iu tra nguyn nhn ca vic tc nghn v thc hin mt s hot ng chnh xc hn, v d nh gi i nhn vin sa cha hoc cu hnh li mng gi cc gi theo mt tuyn khc. Trong mi trng IPTV cc dng d liu c tp hp t mng IPTV ri vo ba loi ring bit sau: * Cc cnh bo: cc cnh bo s thng bo cho nhn vin k thut ti trung tm d liu IPTV v hot ng bt thng trn mng. Cc cnh bo c s dng bi b phn k thut nhn dng ngun dch v b mt. * Tnh trng hin hnh: d liu cc tnh trng hin hnh ca mng c tp hp li trn c s thng thng xc nh cc thnh phn mng IPTV c hot ng hay khng.

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* Cc thng k: cc thng k mng v d nh cc cp lu lng mng c tp hp li bi h thng qun l trn c s thng thng. Mng IP c th thc thi tt hoc xu. D liu thng k c tp hp bi h thng qun l, v nhn vin k thut s dng n ti u ha tin trnh thc thi mng IPTV. Mng c ti u ha ci thin tc phn phi cho dch v IPTV v VoD.

Lin kt h thng mng IPTV Hnh trn m t thng tin gia server qun l SNMP v cc SNMP agent da trn mt s lnh. Mt trong cc lnh l get v get next c nhn t mng IPTV, SNMP agent thc hin lnh c yu cu v gi tr li thng tin c yu cu. Thm vo thng tin yu cu tp hp v tr li, phn mm SNMP agent cng chu trch nhim gi cc cnh bo ngoi cc lnh c bit nhn t SNMP manager. Cc cnh bo s dng cc trap, mt SNMP agent c th thng bo cc s kin hoc cc li xut hin ti cc router, cho php cc nh qun l IPTV c th qun l cc thit b mng. b) Qun l thit b bng web browser : Qun l thit b bng trnh duyt web cho php mt thit b mng vn c qun l t v tr khc thng qua s dng chun trnh duyt web. Thng tin v thit b c hin th

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trong ca s chng trnh tm duyt, v cc sa i cho hot ng ca thit b hay cu hnh c th c thit lp thng qua cc giao din ngi dng chun. Kh nng ny ca thit b ch c sn phm ca mt s nh sn xut. Hu ht cc thit b mng hin i u cha mt b vi x l thc hin mt s nhim v khc nhau, v d nh iu khin hot ng thit b v truyn tin ra bn ngoi thng qua cc giao tip. Thng tin ny c th ch n gin l bt sng giao din thit b, hoc ph tp hn l t ng qun l cnh bo v thng bo cho h thng. Mt s thit b s dng cc giao din IP cho hot ng chun ca n, u tin l chc nng web server. y l server cho php truy cp web t xa thng tin vi b x l ca thit b cho mt s chc nng. Mt trong rt nhiu chc nng c thc thi trn web server l qun l thit b.

Cu trc qun ly da trn trnh duyt web hnh trn thit b pha bn tay phi l mt thit b mng, c th l b m ho video MPEG vi mt kt ni IP, l mt switch vi port IP qun l hoc mt s thit b khc. Phn mm bn trong thit b thc hin chc nng web server, gim st port 80 t pha ti ca giao tip IP v x l cc yu cu ca giao thc HTTP. Cc yu cu ny c th n t mt s user khc nhau vi cc quyn truy cp khc nhau. p ng cc yu cu ny, server s cung cp cc trang web c thit k theo yu cu cho php user xem thng tin quan trng v thit b. V d cng trong hnh trn, c ba lp truy cp c cung cp: nhn vin qun l mng, nhn vin bo dng v user c xc thc. Nhn vin qun l mng c ton quyn truy cp theo di mi mt ca thnh phn mng v c th sa i cu hnh ca thit b. Nhn vin bo dng c th quan st tt c cc trng thi v cu hnh ca thit b nhng khng th thay i cu hnh. User c xc thc c th b gii hn v quyn

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quan st cc trng thi ca thit b v khng c php thay i cu hnh. Cc lp truy cp khc nhau thng c thc hin chung trn phn mm web server thng qua vic s dng username v password c truyn dn trn cc kt ni m bo (HTTPS). Cc trang web ca thit b thng c mt cch trnh by c nh nhng c th thay i nhanh chng cc trng thi thng tin c cha trong chng. Thng tin ny c th hin th y tt c cc thng s hot ng ca thit b. D liu cu hnh cng c th truy cp nh d liu a ch mng, cc c tnh ca thit b c kch hot hoc khng c kch hot, cc card hot ng hin ti hoc ang ngng, v danh sch cc username v password c php truy cp thit b. Qun l da trn trnh duyt web c li cho vic qun l mt mng bao gm nhiu thit b phn tn trn phm vi rng trong thc t khi mng chia s phc tp. 2. Qun l ci t : Do s phc tp v vic la chn cc sn phm c th c trn mng, vic ci t, qun l cc s c ca dch v v mt s l do trc tip ca kt cui dch v c th l thch thc c bit v x l tn km cho cc nh khai thc mng trn ton cu. Vic ci t mng IPTV c th bao gm rt nhiu cng vic khc nhau, nhng gom li th c nhng bc chung nh sau : * Phn phi a ch: trong thc t, cc ngun video c c nh cc a ch IP, v th cc thit b IPTVCD c th xc nh chng. Vic phn phi a ch IP c ni r hn trong phn tip theo. * Ci t ngun video: y l cng vic thc hin sm nht trong tin trnh ci t v th cc thit b c th c kim tra vi video thc khi chng c ci t. Cc ngun multicast thng cn bng thng thp hn so vi cc ngun unicast gi bn sao lung video ti mi thit b ngi xem. *Ci t cc phn mm client: hu ht cc phn mm media player mt ph u t ci t, v hu ht cc PC c kh nng ci bng tay cc chng trnh ny. * Ci t cc phn cng client: khi cc b gii m IP-STB hoc cc thit b client c ci t, mt s nh cung cp dch v quyt nh a nhn vin k thut ti nh khc hng. iu ny cho php cc cng vic kim tra mng c thc hin y v cc h tr khc c ci t chnh xc. * Cu hnh multicast: nu phng thc multicast c s dng trong IPTV, mt phn ca tin trnh ci t phi kim tra li tt c cc thit b mng c kh nng to lung

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multicast. Tin trnh ny c th yu cu phn mm hoc cc chng trnh nng cp phn cng trong cc thit b mng, v d nh cc router. * Cu hnh h tng h thng qun l mng: mt ci tin ln ca cc mng IPTV trn nn IP l cc mng vt l ging nhau c th c s dng gi v nhn cc lnh qun l mng v truyn dn video, vi iu kin l c cung cp kh nng thng tin hai chiu (two-way). * Qun l vic di di v lp t li thit b: mi ln cc thit b c di di hoc lp t li th cn phi cu hnh li h thng m bo khng c cc thng bo li v v tr vt l ca thit b. 3. Gim st thc thi v kim tra mng : Gim st thc thi l quan st qu trnh vn hnh ca mng c c cc hot ng chnh xc. Tt c cc loi vn hnh u c th c gim st, t vic m cc li trn mt lin kt d liu cho ti vic theo di s lng ngi xem ni dung cng mt lc. Nu tin trnh thc thi khng t c cc yu cu quy nh trc th cc cnh bo s c pht ra phc v cho vic d on cc li sm nht c th. Thng thng, vic gim st l trch nhim c thc hin bi nhiu thnh phn. u tin cc thit b s thu thp s liu v cc hot ng ca chnh bn thn mi thit b, v h thng qun l tp trung s bin dch cc d liu ny phn tch nh k. Trong mt s h thng, d liu c lu tr trn mi thit b v ch c s dng khi nhn vin k thut h thng quyt nh nhn n. Sau , b x l tp trung s phn tch d liu liu ti v thng bo cho nhn vin k thut khi thit b li. Mt s dng d liu c thu thp v phn tch bi h thng gim st thc thi nh sau: * Li bit: mt s loi mng bao gm mt byte kim tra tng hoc kim tra chn l s ch ra cc bit hoc cc gi tin b thay i. * Cc cp sng mang quang OC: mt s tn hiu nhn c c th c s dng o cc cp sng mang quang ti. * Cc gi mt: trong trng hp nghn mng, mt s thit b s khng gi c ht s gi, v th lung tn hiu s b mt cc gi . Thng qua vic gim st s lng gi b mt ti cc v tr khc nhau trong mng, cc nh khai thc mng s xc nh c dung lng cn tng ln, s lng router cn xy dng thm cho dch v hoc cc lin kt cn phi c bo dng.

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* Cc trng thi ca thu bao: tt c cc loi d liu thu thp v thu bao c phn tch xc nh xem c vn g xy ra vi cc kt ni t pha thu bao hay khng, t sm pht cnh bo v cc s c trn mng. * Cc hot ng ng nhp ca user: d liu ny c th ch ra cc user ang gp s c khi truy cp h thng hoc user gian ln v quyn truy cp, v d nh c nhiu user ging nhau truy cp vo h thng ti nhiu v tr khc nhau trong cng mt thi im. * Gim st h thng bo an: thng qua vic thu thp d liu v qu trnh thc thi ca h thng bo an, cc nh khai thc c th xc nh cc firewall ang lm vic chnh xc, cc ngun tn cng mng t bn trong hoc bn ngoi, cung cp cc cnh bo v virus. Thng tin ny cng c th c s dng sau khi mt l thng bo an c xc nh tm ra cch ngn nga cc s c bo an trong tng lai. Vic gim st thc thi lm vic ngn nga cc s c mng do mt vi thit b c hin tng gim hiu sut thc thi trc khi chng ngng hot ng hon ton. V d, trong mng quang, cng sut pht ca ngun laser s gim dn trc khi mt hon ton, v th vic gim st s cnh bo cho nhn vin k thut thay th thit b li trc khi n lm mng ngng hot ng. Tng t, mt router c th pht hin ra lung tn hiu ti c t l li bit tng, t n nh du lung tn hiu c s c hoc cc kt ni d liu ang gim cht lng. H thng trung tm d liu IPTV c to nn bi nhiu thnh phn phc tp v ngy cng nhiu dch v hn, v th vn cc v mng phi c pht hin v gii quyt nhanh hn. tng ti a thi gian chy h thng v m bo cc dch v c phn phi ti khch hng vi cht lng cao nht, th vn gim st v kim tra cn c tin hnh trn c s h tng mng. Vic gim st cht ch mng IPTV s c mt s li ch sau: * Cho php cc nh qun l mng nhn ra cc kiu lu lng mng, t cho bit s t qung hoc s gim st cht lng hnh nh sp xy ra. Vic pht hin ra cc vn tim tng lm gim bt kh nng xy ra cc on t qung ln hoc gim st t ngt cht lng video. * Sa cha ngay lp tc s t qung mng d l nh nht. * Mang n cho nhm k thut kh nng c tnh phm vi s c mng khi n xut hin. Cp nguy him ca s c s ra lnh cho cc ti nguyn no c s dng xc nh v tr s c. V d, nu s c gim st nh trong cht lng tn hiu video th chin lc sa cha s c s khc so vi cc li ca server VoD ti trung tm d liu IPTV. m bo cc user IPTV xem c cht lng cao, c th tin hnh mt s

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kim tra cc thnh phn mng IPTV nh sau:

Tm hiu cng ngh IPTV

Thit b truy cp: thng tin hnh kim tra cc thnh phn phn cng v phn mm c ci t gn nht, cc user IPTV c th c xem vi cht lng nh mong i v ti u ha vic phn phi cc dch v IPTV a im v n im. Cc ni dung tin hnh kim tra bao gm: * Kim tra tc d liu di chuyn trong mng thit b truy cp thu bao. * nh gi cc li v cc vn thc thi xut hin do giao thc IP, cc lp ng gi v vn chuyn video ca m hnh thng tin IPTV. Mng li IP: thng tin hnh kim tra tt c phn mm v phn cng c s dng phn phi cc dch v IPTV. Cc thng s cu hnh mng c th lun thay i, khi c nh hng ti cc lung IPTV c phn phi. V th cc nh qun l mng phi tin hnh kim tra nh k cc cp thc thi lung thng tin khi c s thay i xut hin trn mng. Cc thay i c th xut pht t vic mng c thm mt switch hay c s thay i firmware ca cc thit b. Thit b trung tm d liu IPTV: cc thit b khc nhau c ci t ti trung tm d liu IPTV cn c kim tra y m bo n c kh nng phn phi nhiu dch v IPTV ti s lng ln thit b IPTVCD mt cch chc chn v hiu sut cao. K hoch kim tra cng cn thc hin thng xuyn trn ni dung cung cp bi cc nh cung cp ni dung m bo t c cc cp cht lng vi cc thng s tha thun. Thit b IPTVCD: Kim tra cc thit b IPTVCD bit cc thit b IPTVCD no c s dng cung cp cho user truy cp cc dch v. Cc loi kim tra tin hnh trn thit b IPTVCD c th thay i theo cc knh c yu cu bi ngi xem, cc knh ny c iu khin t xa, l cc knh thc t nhn c m bo thi gian thay i knh khi s lng thu bao kt ni ti cc server IPTV ln. Thc hin y chng trnh kim tra ton din gip cho cc nh cung cp dch v c th ti u ha mng phn phi ni dung IPTV ca h. 4. Qun l d phng : Dch v IPTV c cc yu cu v kh dng v tin cy. ngn nga cc hin tng lm t qung vic cung cp dch v th cc thit b mng v thit b trung tm d liu IPTV cn c h tr vic thay th nhanh chng cc thit b gp s c. Thi gian cn thit thay th s ch l vi ms m bo s c khng nh hng ti dch v. Cc cp d phng ca phn cng v phn mm i khi c cc nh cung cp dng gim thiu nh hng ca vic t qung dch v ln cc thu bao IPTV.

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S mt h thng d phng Hnh trn m t mt h thng d phng. Mng c miu t bao gm mt s c tnh d phng sau : * Topology mng ring i xng c s dng truyn ti lu lng IPTV ti li mng. V th khi lin kt b t ti bt k ch no trong mng ring th lu lng IPTV s c nh tuyn i theo hng ngc li trong mng ring. * Cc thnh phn h tng mng c lp t song song hai thit b. Trong v d ny, VoD server, server streaming multicast IPTV v b m ha u c hai thit b. * Router phn phi d phng cng c lp t m bo router sn sng truyn ti nu mt trong hai thit b gp s c. * Mi b m ha c hai cng ra. * Mt s lin kt d phng cng c sn sng gia router phn phi v cc router bin phc v s lng ln user u cui. Cc cp d phng c xy dng khi thit k mng IPTV s ph thuc vo loi dch v IPTV c trin khai trn mng. V d nh vic phn phi ni dung chng trnh trc tip pht qung b c yu cu v s sn sng thay th v cng cao, tri li dch v VoD c mc yu cu rt thp v thu bao c th rewind li on b mt khi mng gp s c. tinh vi, cp d phng v kh nng backup cc tuyn thng l trch nhim ca i k s qun l h tng mng.

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Cc h thng bo dng tinh vi thng c cc nh cung cp s dng theo di cc hot ng bo dng hng ngy v hng tun. Ngoi cc hot ng bo dng theo di, h thng ny cng duy tr cc chi tit d phng sn sng cho php cc nh qun l mng IPTV phn tch v ln k hoch bo dng trong tng lai. 5. Qun l khng gian a ch IP : Vic phn phi cc a ch IP s lun l vn vi cc mng c thit k truyn ti dch v. V d, trong mi trng triple-play n c th cu hnh cc IP subnet khc nhau cho mi dch v voice, truy cp Internet v IPTV. N cng c kh nng thit k mt lc a ch IP h tr vic chia s cc thit b h tng mng nh qun l DSN, OSS v cc DHCP server cho tt c cc dch v. Mt khi lc a ch IP c cu hnh trn cc thit b c chia s, th n c th chia IP subnet hoc pool a ch cho cc ti nguyn mng phn phi dch v triple-play. V d, VoD server v IP-STB ti nh thu bao u c cu hnh nh l mt phn ca subnet dch v IPTV. Vic phn phi a ch IP trong mng IPTV l trch nhim ca DHCP server. DHCP l chc nng c yu cu trong mt s cng ty mng v cc nh cung cp dch v Internet ISP (Internet Service Provider). Vi DHCP, mt my tnh ch s dng duy nht mt a ch IP truy cp Internet. DHCP cng c tc dng khi ng dng trong mng IPTV. s dng DHCP, mi thit b IPTVCD phi tm DHCP server trong mng bng cch pht broadcast mt yu cu ti tt c cc thit b. Khi DHCP server nhn c yu cu, n s chn mt a ch IP ang sn sng c s dng v gi tr li thit b IPTVCD yu cu. DHCP cung cp cho cc nh qun l mng IPTV mt s thun li sau: * Bng vic s dng DHCP, tt c cc chi tit cu hnh cn thit cho IPTVCD c b tr trc m khng cn user c bit v cc chi tit khng. * Khng cn phi cu hnh cho mi thit b mt a ch IP c nh. * DHCP tp trung ha vic qun l a ch IP. * Vic ci t DHCP server t ng phn phi cc a ch IP cho cc thit b trn mng IPTV thng khng phc tp. * DHCP c th nh r mt dy a ch IP sn sng c dng cho tng vng ring bit. * C th tch hp DHCP v OSS h tr vic cung cp cc dch v IPTV mi.

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6. X l cc s c IPTV :

Tm hiu cng ngh IPTV

Cc s c gp phi ca thu bao IPTV vi cc dch v thng c thng bo bng cch gi ti b phn dch v khch hng. Nu cc s c xut hin trn mng th n tr thnh quan trng nn h phi gii quyt n nhanh. h tr nhn vin k thut v nh qun l th phi cn ti kh nng xc nh v x l cc s c. Vic x l s c mng IPTV tng t nh x l s c cc ng dng trn nn IP khc. Trc ht, s c cn c c lp, v s ph thuc vo bn cht v phm vi ca s c. Tip theo s l sa cha s c, vic sa cha s c thng t c kt qu tt bng cch thay i cu hnh hoc thay th thnh phn b li trn mng. Hu ht cc li trn cc mng IPTV ri vo 5 vng sau: Mng: cc li c th xut hin trong cc thnh phn khc nhau ca mng. Nhn vin k thut IPTV thng s dng b nh hi (sniffer) kho st d liu i qua mng cn hot ng. B phn tch giao thc thng c mt PC, mt card mng v mt ng dng phn tch cc s c trn mng. Vic phn tch mng trong thi gian thc gip pht hin v gii quyt cc li mng v cc s c nhanh hn. Cc server backend: cc phn mm server c bit thng c s dng x l cc s c xut hin trn server. Thit b IPTVCD: tin cy cao l iu c mong i t cc thit b IPTVCD nh b gii m STB v cc thit b gateway. V th cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV pht trin cc h thng tinh vi tp hp cc bn tin li t thit b IPTVCD v s dng thng tin x l cc s c c th xut hin trn dch v IPTV. Thng tin ny thng c lu tr trong cc ng dng qun l thit b trong nh khch hng, v s c s dng bi nhn vin k thut IPTV nhn bit nguyn nhn chnh ca s c tc ng ti dch v cho cc thu bao ring l. Cc s c thng thng bao gm cc vn v b nh m, cc trc trc v phn cng v li phn mm. Khi vng s c c nhn bit giai on tip theo l gii quyt s c, c th bao gm cc hnh ng sau: * Thay i cu hnh ci cho thit b IPTVCD. * Thng bo qua in thoi cc s c xy ra cho ngi s dng v cung cp cc lnh gii quyt s c. Cng c th s dng e-mail b sung thng tin v cc lnh. * Khi cc s c khng gii quyt c qua in thoi th nhn vin k thut bt buc phi ti nh khch hng. * V cui cng khng gii quyt s c bng cc hnh ng trn ta nh phi thay th thit b mi.

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vic x l s c ni b v vic tm thy v loi b chng thng hon thnh theo tng n v giao din vt l. Mng trong nh khch hng: cc s c nh ng i dy trong nh b hng, cp km cht lng, virus, ci t a ch IP khng ng v driver khng ph hp tt c u c th tc ng ti dch v IPTV. H thng qun l t xa kt hp vi in thoi hoc e-mail h tr thng c s dng x l cc s c xut hin trn mng trong nh khch hng. Nh cung cp ni dung bn ngoi: vic tip nhn ni dung l nhng video c m ha km cht lng to nn cc s c v truyn dn. Khi s c c nhn bit nh cung cp th 3 ny cn c thng bo v x l s c. x l cc s c ring bit, yu t chnh l cc tin trnh x l v cc th tc ca nh cung cp dch v IPTV khi pht hin s c v c phng n x l. 7. Qun l quyn ni dung s : Qun l quyn ni dung s DRM (Digital Right Management) l mt tp hp cc nh ngha v cc c ch c s dng iu khin truy cp ni dung thng qua vic mt m hoc cc phng php khc. DRM lun lun l mt yu cu s dng trong vic cung cp ni dung video thi gian gn y trn h thng phn phi IPTV cng nh h thng truyn hnh cp v truyn hnh v tinh. Cc nh sn xut ni dung rt lo ngi trong vic cung cp ni dung ti nh phn phi khng c h thng DRM hiu qu, do c kh nng ni dung c th c s dng to cc bn copy khc sau bn li mt cch tri php. Vic kim sot ny cn m rng t nh phn phi ti cc thit b m ngi xem c th xem li ni dung, v d nh STB hoc PC. Cc chnh sch DRM c th rt cht ch hoc cng c th rt bung lng; quyn s hu ni dung xc nh cc chnh sch kim sot. Mt khi cc chnh sch ny c xc nh, trch nhim ca h thng DRM l lm cho cc chnh sch ny c hiu lc. Trong h thng DRM thc t cho h thng VoD, quyn s hu ni dung c hai nhim v. u tin, ni dung phi c phn phi ti mt server m bo, ni dung c th c truy cp da trn cc yu cu ca ngi xem. Th hai, cc quy nh cho ngi xem phi c nh r. V d, ngi xem tr mt gi ch c th xem ni dung ca mt lung, ngc li th c mt s ngi c th download ni dung v xem n trong mt khong thi gian no . H thng DRM lm cc quy nh c hiu lc i vi quyn s hu ni dung, n cn c cp nht nhng ngi tham gia vo v ri khi h thng. H thng DRM chu trch nhim m bo chc chn ngi xem tr tin cho ni dung m h yu cu. Ch rng, DRM cng c th c s dng cho ni dung min ph, bo v ni dung trnh vic sao chp v bn li khng c xc thc.

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M hnh h thng DRM n gin Ngi xem c xc thc cn c cung cp cc key m kho ni dung. DRM lm cc chnh sch v quyn user c hiu lc thng qua vic kim sot truy cp cc key ny. Mt chc nng khc ca h thng DRM l cung cp d liu s dng cho vic to ho n khch hng. Trong hu ht cc trng hp, d liu ho n t h thng DRM cn c nhp vo h thng to ho n ca nh cung cp dch v IPTV, phc v cho vic to ho n hng thng cho mi thu bao. 8. Qun l cht lng dch v QoS : Cht lng dch v QoS l mt iu khon thng c s dng din gii ton b cc thng s thch hp ca mng cho tng thu bao ring bit. Mt s nhn t c th nh hng ti cht lng QoS ca mng bao gm tr, jitter, bng thng, t l mt gi v kh dng ca mng. Trong mi trng IPTV, cc nhn t QoS quyt nh cht lng lung ni dung c phn phi cho thu bao. V th cc nh qun l mng IPTV cn c nhng phng thc kim sot cc nhn t trn. Trong phn ny s tm hiu v tnh kh dng ca mng, sau l cc lp ca dch v m thc cht l a ra cc dng d liu khc nhau ca cc cp QoS. V cui cng l mt s mc thng c trong cc cam kt cp dch v SLA cho cc dch v mng. a) kh dng ca mng : * kh dng ca mng l mt n v o phn thi gian mng sn sng c s dng bi khch hng. * Mt mng c gi l khng kh dng khi n khng th s dng cho cc lu lng khch hng, do mng mt cc kt ni hon ton hoc t l li cao qu mc. Cc kt ni mng mt hon ton xut hin khi cc kt ni khng c kh nng hot ng,

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l khi cp quang b t hoc mt ngun ti mt thit b no . Mt t l li cao qu mc thng c nh ngha l t l li 10-3 , ngha l c mt bit li trong 1000 bit c pht i, n cng c th dn n mt li trong mi gi. Trong thc t, kh dng ca mng c o bng t l phn trm ca tng s thi gian mng sn sng c s dng trn tng s thi gian o c. V d, mt nh cung cp cam kt t l kh dng ca mng l 99,99%, hay thi gian dch v khng kh dng l 52 pht trong mt nm. b) Phn lp dch v : Phn lp dch v c s dng a ra cc dng d liu ca cc lp cp dch v khc nhau truy cp ti nguyn mng. Cc nh qun tr mng IPTV c th n nh cc lp dch v khc nhau vo cc loi ng dng khc nhau, ty thuc vo cp thc thi cn thit. V d, cc bn tin cn iu khin hoc bo dng mng c cp QoS rt cao, bi v nu cc gi tin ny b kha, ton b mng c th khng n nh hoc thc thi li. Tng t, cc gi d liu cha email c th c n nh l lp dch v thp, do tr trong truyn dn ny thng thng nh hng ti gi tr ca cc bn tin email. gia hai cp QoS trn l cc lp dch v s dng cho cc ng dng thi gian thc, v d nh truy vn c s d liu, cc cuc gi VoIP, lung video v audio. Nh chng ta bit, trong mi trng IPTV s c th t cc lung video phn phi cho thu bao, v d liu video cn ti ch mt cch mt m, lin tip. Trn mng truyn dn c nhiu loi lu lng, do t c mc ch trn mt phng thc c s dng l n nh phn lp dch v cho lu lng video. Khi , n ra lnh cho router hoc thit b mng khc a ra quyn u tin cho cc gi tin ny.

V d v s dng ba hng i c quyn u tin Trn hnh chng ta s gi ba quyn u tin ln lt l cao, trung bnh v thp. Cc hng i ny hot ng nh sau: cc gi tin mi i vo pha sau ca hng i v i cho n khi chng tin ln pha u ca hng i trc khi c pht i. Trong trng hp ny,

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tt c hng i ang ua tranh, nhng ch c mt u ra n, v th cn phi n nh cc quy lut hot ng: *. Ti mi thi im u ra sn sng c s dng, mt gi tin c chn t mt trong ba hng. Nu khng c gi tin no sn sng trong cc hng th gi tin rng (null) s c gi. *. Nu mt gi tin sn sng trong hng c quyn u tin cao th n c gi ngay lp tc. *. Nu khng c gi tin sn sng trong hng c quyn u tin cao v mt gi tin sn sng nm trong mt trong hai hng cn li (khng ng thi trong hai hng) th gi tin s c gi. *. Nu khng c gi tin no sn sng trong hng c quyn u tin v cc gi tin sn sng u nm trong c hai hng cn li, th cc gi tin s c gi theo t l 3 gi tin hng c quyn u tin trung bnh ti 1 gi trong hng c quyn u tin thp. Qua v d ny chng ta c th thy ti sao mng c th khng gi lung video ln hoc cc gi tin s dng hng c quyn u tin cao v n s rt kh cho cc gi tin khc mun i qua. Vic gi video vi quyn u tin thp cng khng thch hp v s c cc gi tin s c hin th trong khi cc gi khc ang c x l. Quyn u tin trung bnh c th l la chn cho video, v hu ht lu lng nonvideo c to quyn u tin thp. Cc gi tin c quyn u tin thp c th tr hon, c gi bi cc router khc nhau, trong trng hp xu nht khi mng b nghn cp cao nht, b xa do khng dc phn phi. Vic cc gi tin b xa cng c th xut hin nu router s dng loi b ngu nhin gi cc hng khi b trn. Phn lp dch v c th l cc cng c mnh m bo lu lng video truyn qua mng mt cch mt m. Tuy nhin, chng khng gii quyt c mi chuyn, t khi c dch v video quyn u tin cao c th thc hin trn cc d liu khc do chng s dng gii hn cho cc mng ring. c) Cc cam kt cp dch v : Cc cam kt cp dch v SLA (Service-Level Agreement) l hp ng gia nh cung cp dch v v khch hng v cc chi tit cht lng dch v c cung cp. SLA c th bao gm cc c tnh v chc nng ca mt s loi dch v t thoi cho ti VoD. SLA c n gin ho bng mt bng k khai cc cam kt, bng k khai ny ghi r gi tr chi tit cc dch v vin thng phi a ra. Cc dch v trong bng k khai phi c a ra cho tt c khch hng. Bng k khai i khi cn bao gm cc cp dch v m nh cung cp a ra. Mt s nh ngha trong bng k khai SLA nh sau:

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kh dng (%): t l thi gian dch v sn sng s dng, t l ny trong SLA thng l 99% hoc ln hn. * T l phn phi gi (%): t l gi c phn phi ti ch trn tng s gi gi i. Ch , t l ny c th c o trung bnh hng thng v da trn d liu mu, khng da trn tng s gi c gi i. Trong SLA t l ny l 99% hoc ln hn. * T l mt gi (%): ngc li vi t l phn phi gi, y l s gi b mt trn tng s gi gi i. Trong SLA t l ny l 1% hoc thp hn. * tr mng (ms): y l ch s tng s thi gian trung bnh cc gi d liu b gi khi truyn qua mng. Ch , ch s ny c th ch tnh gia cc im mng bn trong mng ca nh cung cp; v n c th khng bao gm thi gian cn thit d liu i vo hoc ri khi mng. V cng cn ch rng, php o ny c th da trn cc d liu mu v tnh trung bnh hng tun hoc hng thng. * tr jitter (ms): y l ch s khng c kh nng xut hin trong hu ht cc SLA. y l tham s ch thc s quan trng cho cc ng dng to lung video v VoIP. * Thi gian p ng dch v (gi): y l tng s thi gian ln nht t khi s c mng c thng bo cho ti khi nh cung cp sn sng bt u sa cha s c. Thi gian ny c th thay i ph thuc vo thi im trong ngy v c th bao gm thi gian truyn dn t pha nh cung cp ti v tr ca khch hng. i vi cc dch v video, cc t l mt gi l ch yu. Khi t l mt gi khong 1%, video tr nn rt kh phn phi mt cch mt m. tr mng cng c th cn c xem xt, nhng n thng xut hin trong video tng tc. tr jitter s nh hng ti tt c video v s c kim sot mt cch cht ch.

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CHNG V : TM HIU THIT B PHN CNG V CHNG TRNH PHN MM TRONG MNG IPTV 1. Thit b phn cng trung tm Headend : Thnh phn trung tm h tng IPTV l Headend, Headend bao gm mt s thnh phn nhn ni dung, chuyn i v phn phi li ni dung ti thu bao. Headend c th c trin khai bng cch s dng mt headend trung tm v cc Headend khu vc, phng thc ny s lm cho cng vic phn phi ni dung broadcast d dng hn, cc Headend khu vc gn thu bao hn v lm gim cc nguy c tim n. Headend hot ng nh im tp trung ca h tng. N nhn tt c cc yu cu t thu bao v cung cp ni dung ti cc STB ph hp. Thm na, tt c cc ng dng lin kt cng vic c s dng cung cp, lp ha n v qun tr khch hng u c gi hoc lin kt ti Headend. Headend nhn cc d liu lin tip trong cc nh dng v phng tin khc nhau, bao gm trc tip t studio ni b, ni dung t bn cung cp th ba, cc truyn dn pht li, ni dung t v tinh v thng tin video ni b. Do c cc ngun khc nhau, mt s ni dung l tn hiu tng t nn khng th truyn ti mng IP. Sau ni dung c m ha v ng gi c th truyn trn mng da trn giao thc TCP/IP. Cc thnh phn thm vo cn c ng dng DRM v cc h thng qun l ni dung. Tt c thng tin lin lc vi thu bao u c sp xp bi Middleware server nhn cc yu cu t cc STB khc nhau. a) Thit b tip nhn d liu u vo : Ni dung c tip nhn ti Headend ca nh cung cp dch v bao gm: ni dung thu t v tinh, ni dung mt ph, ni dung c m ha trc v ni dung thu t h thng v tuyn ni b. thu c cc dng ni dung trn, Headend cn c cc thit b chuyn dng cho tng loi.

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Cu trc trung tm Headen ca IPTV * Ni dung t v tinh: Ni dung c tip nhn bng cc thit b thu v tinh c gi chung l b gii m u thu tch hp IRD (Integrated Receiver Decoder). Ni dung c pht broadcast bi cc v tinh dch v c nh vi cng sut tng i thp v yu cu ngten v tinh ln cho vic tip nhn. Headend nhn cc tn hiu v tuyn v s dng IRD iu chnh v khuch i tn hiu. Mt khi tn hiu c khuch i, IRD c th tin ln gii m tn hiu. IRD c th nhn c tn hiu tng t v tn hiu s. Cc tn hiu tng t s c gi ti b m ha video MPEG, v tn hiu s c th c gi ti b chuyn i m kt hp vi thng tin qung co ni b. * Ni dung mt ph: Ni dung ny l cc ni dung mt ph pay-per-view trong cc nh dng tng t v cn c m ha bi b m ha MPEG trc khi c gi ti b ng gi IP. * Ni dung c m ha trc: y l ni dung c m ha trong cc loi m c th chp nhn, c h tr bi cc b STB v cc phn mm client. Ni dung ny c th c gi trc tip ti b ng gi IP.

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* Ni dung thu t h thng v tuyn ni b: y l ni dung c pht broadcast bi cc trm ni b v gi ti cc b thu PAL/NTSC trc khi n c th c s dng. Tt c ni dung s c x l tun t bi cc thit b: b m ha video MPEG, b ng gi IP v b chuyn i m video. b) B m ha Video MPEG : - B m ha video MPEG (hay gateway tip nhn) l nhim v ca h thng ghi nhn, qun l ghi nhn v server nhn/phn phi c s dng nhn d liu v to ni dung c nh dng chnh xc. - thu c ni dung ph hp, tn hiu tng t phi i qua cc b m ha video MPEG to ra ni dung trong nh dng s sn sng c sa i v pht broadcast. Tin trnh ny c m bo bi b nn/gii nn, v tin trnh ny l cu ni gia d liu v b iu ch cho truyn dn. Thng tin siu d liu (metadata) s bao gm cc header, d liu mt m v d liu c yu cu khc m bo truyn dn chnh xc. - Cc thut ton s dng thc hin vic m ha s quyt nh vic cn bng gia cht lng video, tc d liu cn truyn video, tnh trng mt v li d liu, cc yu cu v bng thng, cc b nh m c s dng v cc c tnh khc na. Cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV quyt nh cc m ph hp nht da trn hon cnh, bng thng sn sng s dng v cc c im phn cng ca b STB c trin khai. Mt s m chun c cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV s dng nh sau: * MPEG-2: m ny cng c ITU a ra vi tn l H.262. MPEG-2 c s dng cho pht broadcast video s, cc h thng phn phi cp v m ha DVD (Digital Video Disc). * MPEG-4: c bit ti vi tn l H.264. MPEG-4 thch hp vi cc tin b trong k thut nn so vi cc m c trc y. u ra ca b m ha video MPEG l video s sn sng ng gi IP, mt m hoc lu tr. c) B ng gi IP : Chc nng ca b ng gi IP l nhn cc lung video c m ha v chun b truyn broadcast trn mng IP. N cho php lung IP m ha c ng thnh cc gi IP c th vn chuyn qua mng. Mt s chun h tr truyn dn video, v d nh giao thc truyn dn thi gian thc RTP. RTP c to ra h tr cc truyn dn ng dng thi gian thc nh audio v video. N khng m bo cht lng ca dch v hoc vic

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phn chia ti nguyn mng, nhng n bao gm mt s chc nng nh nh li thi gian, pht hin s mt mt, bo an v nhn dng ni dung. B ng gi IP nhn lu lng t ba ngun chnh: ni dung c m ha trc c gi trc tip, ni dung c m ha t cc b m ha video MPEG v t u ra b truyn i m video. u ra b ng gi IP gi ti video streaming server. Cc gi c th truyn broadcast hoc gi ti DRM v c s d liu ni dung. Trong mt s trng hp, ni dung ti b ng gi IP c m ha bi DRM, v mt s gii php c th lu tr ca b ng gi IP trong kho lu tr video. d) B chuyn m video : B chuyn i m video nhn d liu t my thu v tinh v d liu ni b c gn vo cc server. Chc nng chnh ca b chuyn m video l lm phin dch gia cc loi m khc nhau. Server ny c th chuyn i cc dng ni dung t mt s m c xc nh trc v cho ni dung u ra l MPEG-2, MPEG-4 hoc mt m ring do cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV la chn. Tin trnh chuyn i m s nhn cc lung ni dung c m ha v chuyn chng thnh mt lung m khc vi tc bit thp hn hoc loi nh dng m cht lng khng gim nhiu. Vi b chuyn i m ny, cc lung khc nhau t v tinh hoc thng tin qung co ni b c th c gi ti b ng gi IP di dng cc lung m ha theo cc chun c u tin hn. Mt s gii thut c s dng khi phc li ni dung gc, g b mt s d liu m khng tn qu nhiu nng lc x l trong tin trnh v to ra mt lung ni dung c cht lng vi mt chun m ha khc. e ) Server qun l ni dung : Server qun l ni dung s iu khin lung thng tin t b ng gi IP v video streaming server, vic lu tr tt c video thch hp vo kho video hoc gi d liu ti h thng DRM. Cc yu cu t Middleware server c th c phc v bi server qun l ni dung. y s l d liu yu cu hoc ch dn phc v gim bt khi i qua video streaming server. f) Kho Video : Kho video c s dng lu tr ni dung chun b cho cc ng dng truyn broadcast. Kho lu tr bao gm mt th vin video v th vin a phng tin trn cc server, m bo truy cp nhanh chng v tin cy ni dung c yu cu. Kho video l thnh phn lu tr tt c ti sn s thuc quyn s hu ca nh khai thc IPTV. Hu ht ti sn s s c lu tr ti y, v nhng ngi xm nhp s c gng truy cp server ny n cp

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ni dung. Ni dung thng c lu tr m khng cmt m c s d liu hay bo v DRM. Mt s gii php DRM s h tr vic mt m ni dung trong khi c lu tr, v sau cc key c th c phn phi ti thu bao. C cc phin bn khc ca DRM s khng h tr ty chn ny, v ni dung s c mt m trc khi pht broadcast. g) Video Streaming Server : Video streaming server lm theo cc lnh t Middleware server v VoD server, v n cng nhn thng tin t DRM v server qun l ni dung vi cc m l MPEG-2, MPEG4 hoc cc m tng t c nh cung cp dch v IPTV la chn. Video streaming server cung cp cc ni dung c m ha v c phn phi ti b STB thng qua giao thc TCP/IP. Cc thnh phn ny h tr TCP v UDP, v to lung multicast ph thuc vo dng ng dng v gii php c trin khai bi nh cung cp dch v IPTV. Cc server khc nhau s c kh nng to lung ring bit. Phthuc vo nng lc x l, mt s server c th iu khin vi ngn thu bao ti cng mt thi im. h) Middle Server :

Cu trc h thng middleware IPTV Middleware server l mt trc ca h thng IPTV. Tt c cc b STB u lin lc vi Middleware server yu cu ni dung ring bit. Vic lin lc thng s dng giao thc HTTP. Mt chng trnh trnh duyt bn trong STB s lin lc vi Middleware server, download hng dn chng trnh EPG v gi cc yu cu ti Middleware server.

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Middleware server s ra lnh cho streaming server gi ni dung ti ch. Cc thu bao c th lin lc thng qua STB v yu cu ni dung t Middleware client. Mt khi Middleware server ra lnh cho VoD server cung cp ni dung cho cc thu bao ring l, th sau STB v VoD server cng c th lin lc vi nhau. IPTV middleware hot ng nh mt cu ni gia mt s h thng v cc ng dng. Chnh xc hn, n tng tc vi DSLAM, cc server ni dung, cc b STB, VoD server, DRM v cc ng dng kinh doanh gia cc h thng khc. H thng IPTV Middleware c hai thnh phn chnh l cc chc nng li v mt s chc nng mng da vo h iu hnh chun v cung cp giao din web lin lc vi STB. Cc chc nng li bao gm qun l, iu khin cc giao dch v cc phin ang tn ti, xc thc user v mt s chc nng khc. Cc chc nng li chu trch nhim duy tr EPG v cc chc nng c bn khc, cng nh sp xp cc hot ng vi h thng bn ngoi, v d nh qun l ni dung, DRM, VoD v cc ng dng kinh doanh. Mt s h thng bn ngoi tng tc vi h thng Middleware nh sau: - DSLAM: mt s DSLAM cho php middleware server chia s d liu xc thc vi n, lm thun tin cho tin trnh xc thc truy cp ca thu bao mi ti cc VLAN ni dung cng nh trao i thng tin v v tr vt l ca b STB c thu bao s dng. Middleware cung cp cho b STB thng tin v cc VLAN ang tn ti, STB cn phi gia nhp vo danh sch truy cp ni dung. - Server ni dung: Middleware server s nhn thng tin t server ni dung i vi cc ni dung sn sng c s dng v s s dng thng tin ny chun b EPG. - STB : C mt s cp tng tc khc nhau gia Middleware server v cc b STB. STB c cu hnh kim tra VLAN ti mi thi im n khi ng h iu hnh ca n. VLAN ny s cung cp cc yu cu nng cp cho h iu hnh. Mt khi Middleware server c kim tra xong, STB c th c ch dn download cc nng cp c yu cu. Hu ht cc b STB s s dng trnh duyt web download EPG v thng tin c s t Middleware server. Cc key DRM v d liu quan trng khc c th c cung cp trc tip bi Middleware server, hoc STB c th c hng dn ti ng dng DRM thu c key. - VoD v streaming: Middleware s nhn cc yu cu t STB trn cc mc EPG bao gm ni dung VoD v pay-per-view. y s l mt tng tc gia Middleware v VoD khi ng streaming ni dung unicast ti thu bao.

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- Qun l DRM: ng dng Middleware s ly li cc key v cc giy php s c s dng bi STB, trong mt s trng hp STB s tm n d liu yu cu d liu trc tip t DRM server. - Cc ng dng kinh doanh: middleware server s tng tc vi cc ng dng kinh doanh user c xc thc v c hiu lc, cc chc nng lp ha n v thanh ton, v thng tin ti khon c yu cu bi thu bao. 2. Thit b mng gia nh : a) Mng gia nh : Mng gia nh bao gm mt thit b u cui mng, v c bn l im truy cp t mng. Thit b u cui s c kt ni ti modem, modem s chuyn i thng tin thnh cc dng IP, v trong mt s trng hp mt b splitter s c s dng cung cp cc dch v thoi nu mng in thoi cng cng c s dng. Mt gateway s c s dng tch cc dch v IP (d liu, video, thoi), v cc gateway ny thng c firewall, dch v DHCP v cc dch v mng khc c yu cu ci thin dch v. Khch hng yu cu mt b gii m STB trong hu ht cc trng hp, v n s c cung cp bi nh cung cp dch v. Trong mt s trng hp, my tnh c nhn s c s dng kt ni trc tip ti mng m khng cn STB. Ngoi ra cn c cc thit b khc nh kt cui thoi cho c mng PSTN v VoIP, cc router truy cp khng dy. Mng gia nh nm ngoi phm vi cc c ch bo an c thit lp bi nh cung cp dch v IPTV.Nhng s c mt s thit b ng gia DSLAM v Tivi, n chu trch nhim mang lu lng an ton ti STB v gi lin lc vi nh cung cp dch v IPTV m bo c cu hnh trnh cc truy cp khng c xc thc. b) B gii m IP-STB : B gii m STB da trn IP c s dng kt ni IPTV Headend vi Tivi. Chc nng chnh ca thit b ny l gii thch v bin dch cc yu cu t thu bao v gi cc bn tin (da trn IP) ti Headend, yu cu ni dung hoc dch v c bit. STB s nhn ni dung c m ha v s phi gii mt m v gii m chng hin th trn mn hnh Tivi.

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Cu trc IP-STB Cc thnh phn trn STB bao gm: * CPU: IP-STB c cc chipset vi nng lc x l v b nh b gii hn nu so snh vi cc chun PC. Cc nh sn xut la chn cc CPU c s cung cp nng lc x l tt cc chc nng c bn v thi gian p ng hp l. * Core System: phn cng li bao gm cc thnh phn in t khc nhau h tr hot ng ca IP-STB, thng tin trao i gia cc thnh phn, b nh v hu ht cc tnh nng quan trng ca chip chuyn dng c dng lu tr cc key DRM c yu cu truy cp v cho vic xc thc. Vi cc chip chuyn dng c s dng lu cc key, ri ro ca vic truy cp khng c xc thc gim xung. * Cc thit b ngoi vi: c mt s thit b ngoi vi kt ni ti STB, bao gm cp mng, u ra video, thnh phn pht tia hng ngoi iu khin t xa, USB v cc cng ngh lu tr. * DRM v CAS: STB yu cu thnh phn chuyn dng giao tip vi cc chc nng lin kt DRM. N cn thit cho vic yu cu v nng cp cc key DRM, gii mt m ni

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dung v cung cp ni dung c m ha ti cc thnh phn khc. Ngoi ra, STB cn xc thc li bn thn n vi h thng truy cp c iu kin CAS c th truy cp ni dung. Nh cung cp dch v IPTV phi m bo cc ng dng DRM v CAS thch hp c ti vo STB. Yu cu c bit ny lm n rt kh cho mt th trng m cc dch v IPTV. N khng chc chn rng thu bao c th ti cc switch ca nh cung cp dch v IPTV m khng cn thay i b STB. Ngoi ra, n khng chc chn b tp hp ni dung c th hot ng trong th trng m ni dung t nhiu nh sn xut hoc cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV, mi nh cung cp c th c h thng DRM khc nhau. Theo thi gian, cc chun s c trin khai m bo vic tng thch gia cc h thng DRM v CAS. Trong lc , thu bao ch c lin kt ti nh cung cp dch v IPTV m h ng k s dng. * Driver cho MPEG-2 & MPEG-4: STB cn mt s driver cho chun MPEG- 2, MPEG4 v mt s m khc gii m lung ni dung ti c th hin th trn mn hnh Tivi. Nhn chung, cc nh cung cp dch v IPTV phi m bo cc m thch hp c ti vo STB. Cc m c s dng trn Headend s c ti vo STB. * Operating System & driver: Cc h iu hnh nh c s dng cho cc b STB. Mt s h iu hnh c bn quyn v ngun m c s dng cho chc nng ny. Mt trong nhng im tin tin ca cc h iu hnh ny l tnh mm do, chng h tr tm duyt v email, h tr ni mng v bo tin ngay lp tc. L mt chun h iu hnh, c ri ro v virus tc ng ti hot ng ca STB. N l vn quan trng i vi bn copy ch (master) h iu hnh c cu hnh chnh xc, n cn c sa cha trc khi pht hnh STB. Ngoi ra, tt c cc port khng cn thit phi c kha. * Middleware client: mt client c bit lin lc vi Middleware server. Client ny c th s dng trnh duyt web thay i thng tin vi Middleware server cng nh download hng dn chng trnh EPG hin th cho thu bao. Middleware client c th bao gm cc chc nng DRM trong mt s trng hp. * Video Capture - Decode: chc nng ny s nhn lung ni dung t chc nng DRM v s gii m d liu MPEG-4 thnh nh dng c th s dng. nh dng ny c th l NTSC/PAL hin th trn mn hnh Tivi. * Web Brower: cc Middleware server c khuynh hng hot ng nh l cc web server. Mt s qu trnh thc thi s cung cp tt c cc truy cp s dng SSL (HTTPS, port 443). Web Brower c STB s dng truy cp ni dung v hin th thng tin cho thu bao.

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Tin trnh x l ca IP- STB (Tin trnh c bt u vi cc yu cu IP v thu nhn ni dung, cc chc nng web brower, tng tc Middleware v gii mt m ni dung. Tip theo l gii m ha lung ni dung v m ha NTSC/PAL hoc chun thch hp v cui cng cp ni dung hin th trn mn hnh Tivi) 3. Cc chng trnh phn mm : Phn mm thc thi mt s chc nng bn trong mng IPTV. Nh trong mt chic my tnh c nhn, h thng IPTV n gin s khng thc hin chc nng nu khng c phn mm. Trong phn ny, s tm hiu mt s chc nng phn mm thng c trong cc h thng IPTV. a) Chng trnh EPG : Hng dn chng trnh in t EPG (Electronic Program Guide) l chng trnh hin th trn mn hnh thng bo cho ngi xem ni dung sn c trn cc knh. N c th bao gm c cc knh broadcast truyn ti tt c ngi xem cng mt lc v ni dung VoD cho ngi xem ring bit. Thng tin hng dn chng trnh c th c cung cp bi nh cung cp mng IPTV hoc nh trong hu ht cc trng hp, n c a ra bi nh cung cp bn ngoi. C hai dng EPG c s dng ch yu. u tin l hng dn chng trnh c hin th theo danh sch, ni dung trn mi knh sn sng c hin th trong s knh theo th t chuyn ng trn mn hnh Tivi. Cch sp xp ny khng yu cu tng tc t ngi xem v c th gy kh chu cho ngi xem.

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Dng th hai ca EPG c gi l hng dn chng trnh tng tc. Trong cch sp xp ny cc knh v cc la chn ni dung c hin th trn mn hnh Tivi. Tuy nhin, trong trng hp ny, ngi xem c kh nng thao tc danh sch cc knh bng iu khin t xa. Ngi xem c th iu khin xem cc knh khc nhau, v h cng c th xem cc chng trnh s pht trong thi gian ti. Cc nh khai thc h thng c hai la chn iu khin cc chc nng EPG: * S dng cc b STB thng minh. Trong trng hp ny, d liu cho hng dn tng tc c pht broadcast ti tt c cc STB theo nh k. Mi STB chu trch nhim lu tr thng tin mi nht v to cc hin th. Cng vic ny hon thnh s cho php p ng nhanh chng cc lnh ca ngi xem v loi b c gnh nng ln thit b trung tm khi phi x l tt c cc lnh t rt nhiu ngi xem. *Trong cc trng hp khc, vic x l hng dn chng trnh tng tc c tp trung ti tng i khu vc. Trong cu trc ny, STB ch gi cc lnh ca ngi xem (upstream) v nhn thng tin hin th mi (downstream). H thng ny c ci tin lm gim s lng cng vic phi x l ti STB, nhng bt li l s lng lin lc gia STB v tng i khu vc nhiu hn. b) H thng truy cp c iu kin : H thng truy cp c iu kin CAS (Conditional Access System) gim st cc user c th xem ni dung chng trnh. V d, ch nhng ngi ng k thu bao knh phim truyn th mi c php truy cp ni dung ca knh ny. N c th lin h vi qu trnh thc thi trong h thng IPTV, do h thng cn m bo cc lung ni dung khng bao gi c phn phi cho nhng user khng c xc thc. Ngc li vi cc phng php yu cu trong h thng truyn hnh v tinh v truyn hnh cp. , tt c mi ngi xem u c th nhn tt c cc knh. Trong cc h thng ny, ni dung phi c i tn, mt m hoc cc cch khc nhng ngi khng c xc thc khng th xem c ni dung. c) H thng VoD : H thng VoD cung cp cho ngi xem ni dung c th c xem theo cch ca h. N bao gm cc file ni dung c lu tr trn server v c hin th ra di s iu khin ca user. Phn mm cho h thng VoD cn thc thi mt s chc nng v mt s lin kt vi cc module phn mm khc. Cc nhan sn sng s dng cn c ln danh sch v din gii theo cch ca EPG. Mt s yu cu mt ph cn c tp hp li. Mt kt ni mng cn c thit lp gia VoD server v b gii m STB ca ngi xem phn phi ni

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dung. Cc key thch hp cho vic gii m mi ni dung c mt m cn c gi ti STB thng qua h thng DRM. Cc lnh ca ngi xem (pause, forward, rewind) t h thng Middleware cn c khi phc li v c x l nhanh chng iu khin cch thc ni dung c hin th. Tt c cn din ra nhanh hi p cc tng tc ca user. d) H thng qun l quyn truy cp ni dung s : H thng qun l quyn truy cp ni dung s DRM c thit k bo v bn quyn ca nh sn xut ni dung. N thng bao gm mt s dng mt m khng th xem ni dung nu khng c key thch hp. Key thng l mt s dng gi tr s gim st hot ng ca thit b gii mt m. Ngoi ra, h thng DRM cn cn m bo vic phn phi cc key thch hp ti b STB ca ngi xem c xc thc. Vi cc key ny, STB c th gii mt m ni dung v hin th n mt cch chnh xc. Vic phn phi key cn c m bo ngn nga cc user khng c xc thc. e) Qun l thu bao v lp ha n : Thu nhp ca mt nh cung cp IPTV ph thuc vo nng lc, h thng chc nng qun l thu bao v vic tp hp d liu cn thit cho vic chun b cc ha n mt cch chnh xc. Di y l danh sch tm tt cc chc nng thng c yu cu: * Lin kt thit b: thu bao ring bit c lin kt vi mt b phn phn cng, v d nh STB. chnh xc trong tin trnh l yu t cn thit m bo STB c trin khai chnh xc v mt s nhim v c kt hp vi mt STB thc t c lin kt vi thu bao. * Thuc tnh (profile) cc dch v ca thu bao: n ch ra cc dch v m thu bao ra lnh, v d nh cc knh ni dung mt ph. H thng ny cng cn theo di chnh xc khi thu bao gi thm hoc g b cc dch v, v th cc ci t iu khin STB c th c iu chnh cho hp l. * Lch s ng k s dng ca thu bao: n ghi chp li cc chi tit c trng ca mt s ln ng k dch v, v d ng k s dng ni dung VoD. * Ghi li cuc gi dch v v gi i cc thng tin sa cha: n c tc ng ln ln cc cp phc v thu bao. chnh xc l yu t cn thit, v th thu bao c th ni khi no yu cu nhn vin k thut sa cha ti v khi no dch v ca h c phc hi. N cng c th gip nhn vin k thut hiu cc s c c thng bo bi thu bao v cc bc sn sng nm bt v cch ly li.

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H thng qun l thu bao v lp ha n cho cc dng ni dung ring bit yu cu tr tin trc tip cho nh sn xut. N c th tr hng thng trn mt thu bao cho cc knh tr tin hoc cc knh c a ra trn h thng VoD. Cc nh cung cp IPTV khng c cc h thng lp ha n tt c th vi phm hp ng yu cu tr tin cho cc nh sn xut ni dung. 4. Cc chng trnh Media Player: Mt s cng ty pht trin cc phn mm Media Player xem video v audio trn my tnh c nhn. Tt c cc phn mm Media Player s m ni dung c m ha theo cc chun nh MPEG v MP3, cng vi cc nh dng c bn quyn hoc khng c bn quyn khc. Trong phn ny s tm hiu ba sn phm chnh c pht hnh bi Microsoft, RealNetwork v Apple Computer, v cch thc cc chng trnh ny hot ng. a) Microsoft : Microsoft pht trin phn mm Windows Media Player cho php cc file video v audio c m trn cc my tnh c nhn ci h iu hnh Microsoft. Movie Maker l mt tin ch min ph cho php user chp video t cc my quay video v cc thit b khc, v to ra cc on phim c th xem bng phn mm Windows Media Player. Ngoi ra, Microsoft pht trin mt s nh dng file c bit c thit k h tr qu trnh streaming. Mt s nh dng file thng c s dng cho ni dung Windows Media bao gm: * Windows Advanced Systems Format file (.asf): mt nh dng file c thit k c bit truyn dn v lu tr ni dung cho cc ng dng streaming. * Windows Media Audio file (.wma): mt nh dng file cha cc tn hiu audio c m ha s dng h thng nn Windows Media Audio v trong nh dng file ASF. * Windows Media Video file (.wmv): mt nh dng file cha cc tn hiu video v audio c m ha s dng h thng nn Windows Media Video v Windows Media Audio v trong nh dng file ASF. * Windows Active Stream Redirector file (.asx): y l file kt ni trang web ti mt hoc nhiu chng trnh Windows Media Video hay Windows Media Audio. Siu file (metafile) cha a ch ca mt hoc nhiu clip c t trn server. Dng file ny cng c bit ti l Playlist.

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hiu c cch thc lm vic ca metafile (playlist), cch tt nht l hiu ci g to ra media clip chy trn chng trnh tm duyt (browser). u tin, chng trnh tm duyt s hin th trang cha hotlink ti metafile. Khi user click ln hotlink ny, web server phn phi metafile ti chng trnh tm duyt. Chng trnh tm duyt nhn thy metafile ny v xc nh r n cn chy chng trnh Player no (v d nh Windows Media Player) x l metafile. Khi chng trnh tm duyt ti v bt u chy chng trnh Media Player, sau chuyn d liu t metafile sang chng trnh Media Player. Chng trnh Player phn tch d liu metafile xc nh v tr thc t c n nh ca cc file media. Sau chng trnh Player s to mt yu cu ti mi server c ln danh sch trong metafile khi ng cc lung thch hp cho user. Khi cc lung ti, chng trnh Player s gi v chuyn chng thnh cc nh (image) hoc m thanh (sound) c th c hin th cho user. Ngoi cc metafile, chng ta cng cn tm hiu nh dng file ASF. Nh bit, cc file ASF dng truyn dn v lu tr ni dung cho cc ng dng streaming. N c th cha video, audio, text, cc trang web v cc loi d liu khc. Cc nh dng nn khng do Microsoft a ra cng c h tr trong cc file ASF; tuy nhin, d liu ca cc nh dng ny c xem nh trong sch v khng c h tr bi mt s c tnh thun tin. b) Real Network : Real Network a ra mt s sn phm lin kt bao gm : * RealPlayer, phin bn phn mm Media Player cho m ha ni dung trong cc nh dng RealAudio v RealVideo. Phin bn th hai c gi l RealOne, cng c tnh hp chng trnh tm duyt media v cung cp cho vic qun l ni dung mt ph. * Helix server hnh thnh cc m hnh khc nhau qun l cc chc nng streaming cho server trong phm v hp, cc v tr chuyn dng cung cp mt s lng ln ni dung Internet cng cng. * RealProducer v Helix Producer nm gi ni dung video v audio, chuyn i chng thnh cc nh dng RealAudio v RealVideo s dng cho vic lu tr v pht li cho streaming client. Ch , cc nh dng file ny h tr mt m, v th cc file c th c bo v khi chng c lu tr v trong lc chng c truyn dn trn mng Internet. Mt vi nh dng file v cc m rng thng c s dng cho ni dung RealNetwork nh sau: * RealAudio clip (.ra): mt clip cha ni dung audio c m ha s dng nh dng RealAudio.

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* Real Media clip (.rm): mt clip cha ni dung video v audio c m ha s dng b m ha RealVideo. y l dng clip c th cha nhiu lung ni dung, bao gm c video v audio. * RealVideo metafile (.ram hoc .rpm): file ny kt ni trang web vi mt hoc nhiu clip RealVideo hoc RealAudio. Metafile cha a ch ca mt hoc nhiu clip c xc nh trn server. c) Apple Computer : Apple Computer c rt nhiu hot ng trong vic pht trin mt s chun cng ngh cho streaming media v c cc ng gp quan trng trong quyn s hu tr tu. Mt s sng kin ny tp trung xung quanh QuickTime- l mt tn ca Apple cho h thng chun media streaming ca h. Apple Computer cng cung cp phn mm bin tp phim min ph (iMovie) nh mt thnh phn ca mt s phn mm c pht hnh v bn cng c chuyn nghip ng quan tm cho vic bin tp phim gi l Final Cut Pro. Apple Computer cng ch ng i theo cc chun quc t nh MPEG-4. QuickTime phin bn gc c to ra h tr cc video clip c lu tr trn cc CD v c pht li trn my tnh c nhn. N tr thnh mt nh dng c s dng rng ri vi hng trm triu bn copy c download cho c my tnh chy h iu hnh Windows v Macintosh. Mt s lng khng l cc game trn my tnh v nhan multimedia c sn xut s dng cc cng c ca QuickTime. Cng nh cc cng ngh c din gii trong phn trc, mt s phn ca cng ngh c s dng cng vi nhau h tr QuickTime streaming. C cc thnh phn dng chun b ni dung, qun l streaming server, v cc phin bn khc nhau ca phn mm Media Player. Apple Computer a ra gi phn mm chun b ni dung min ph gi l QuickTime cho c my tnh Windows v Macintosh. Mt phin bn c ci tin gi l QuickTime Pro vi mc ph hp l. Vi mt s h thng, ni dung c th c chun b v streaming trn my tnh hoc server ging nhau, du vy vic thc thi h thng cn c theo di cn thn m bo user s c c cc lung ni dung c phn phi mt cch mt m. nh dng file QuickTime l nn mng cho nh dng file MPEG-4. Cc phin bn gn y nht ca QuickTime cng s dng cng ngh nn MPEG-4 AVC/H.264. Apple Computer cung cp cc chng trnh Player lm vic vi cc my tnh Windows v Macintosh, v mt s cng ty sn xut phn mm Player cho cc h iu hnh khc. Mt phin bn c thit k cho mt s cc ci t Linux.

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Tnh hnh pht trin dch v IPTV : * Trong khu vc :

Tm hiu cng ngh IPTV

Cui thp k trc, cng s pht trin ca cc dch v truyn hnh v tinh, s tng trng ca dch v truyn hnh cp s, v c bit l s ra i ca HDTV li du n i vi lnh vc truyn hnh. Tuy nhin, hin nay trn th gii xut hin mt phng thc cung cp dch v mi cn mnh hn vi e da s lm lung lay mi th c. Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) ra i, da trn s hu thun ca ngnh vin thng, c bit l mng bng rng, IPTV d dng cung cp nhiu hot ng tng tc hn, to nn s cnh tranh mnh m hn cho cc doanh nghip kinh doanh dch v truyn hnh. Hng In-Stat, mt hng nghin cu th trng cng ngh cao c uy tn, gn y d bo rng th trng cc dch v IP video ti khu vc chu Thi Bnh Dng s tng trng ti gn 80% mi nm t nay n nm 2010 v s to ra mt th trng 4,2 t USD. Hng ny cng d on chu s chim ti mt na trong tng s thu bao TV ca cc cng ty in thoi trn ton th gii vo nm 2009 vi tng s thu bao ti thiu 32 triu. Cc s liu ny cho thy trong nhng nm cn li ca thp k ny, IPTV s tr thnh mt dch v c th trng rng ln trn ton cu vi chu tip tc dn u trong vic thu ht khch hng. Cc con s ny cng cho thy y l mt th trng nng ng vi rt nhiu c hi cho cc nh cung cp dch v truyn hnh c m hnh kinh doanh, hnh thc cung cp dch v v cng ngh hp l. Informa Telecoms & Media d bo IPTV s c s dng bi trn 35% cc h gia nh s dng dch v truyn hnh s Hng Kng vo nm 2010, con s ny s gn tng ng vi s h gia nh dng dch v truyn hnh cp (khong 37%). Cng ty ny cng d bo s c n 13% cc h s dng dch v truyn hnh s Singapore s nhn tn hiu truyn hnh s thng qua ng dy DSL ca h, iu ny lm cho IPTV tr thnh mt nn tng truy nhp s ph bin hn rt nhiu so vi truyn hnh s mt t (DDT). Informa cng d bo rng DSL s chim ti 9,2% cc h gia nh s dng truyn hnh s c, 6,2% New Zealand, 5,8% i Loan, 5,7% Nht Bn v 4,2% Hn Quc. Truyn hnh cp vn s thng tr n nm 2010, nhng sau IPTV s thc s l i th cnh tranh vi truyn hnh s mt t v v tinh i vi ngi xem truyn hnh chu S pht trin ca IPTV chc chn s nhanh hn, nhng vi s s ha ca truyn hnh cp v v tinh, cc nh cung cp s phi cnh tranh ginh c khch hng mi. Ty thuc vo th trng c th, cc nh khai thc dch v IPTV s phi b sung vo dch v truyn hnh qung b nhiu knh vi vic m rng cung cp cc dch v nh VoD, Replay-TV (network DVR), In-home DVR, Multi-room Service, v.v... PCCW Hng Kng, nh cung cp dch v IPTV ln nht th gii vi trn 500.000 thu bao, a HDTV v

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VoD vo cung cp trn mng DSL ca mnh. SOFTBANK ca Nht Bn cng nhm n xy dng ni dung ln n 5.000 gi cho cc phim truyn Nht Bn v Holywood trn dch v DSL/FTTH Video-On-Demand. * Ti Vit Nam : Ti Vit Nam, hin c nhiu nh khai thc dch v vin thng ln ang cnh tranh nhau nhm cung cp cho khch hng cc dch v bng rng vi cht lng cao v gi r. H cng nhn ra xu hng pht trin ca truyn hnh trc tuyn v video theo yu cu, v ang c nhng bc i mnh m. Mt s Website cung cp th nghim cc chung trnh truyn hnh trc tuyn ca VietNamNet, Cng ty VTC, i truyn hnh thnh ph H Ch Minh ghi nhn s lng truy cp rt ln, cho thy sc hp dn ca dch v ny i vi cng chng. Tuy nhin, cho n nay ti Vit Nam mi ch c FPT Telecom l doanh nghip vin thng u tin chnh thc khai thc v cung cp dch v IPTV trn h thng mng bng rng ADSL/ADSL2+ t ngy 03/03/2006 sau mt nm th nghim v hin ti c 500 khch hng th nghim u tin. FPT Telecom mua cc thit b nhn sng t v tinh truyn trn mng v cng k kt bn quyn t VTV v HTV pht sng 32 knh truyn hnh trn Internet phc v cho cc khch hng ca FPT. Hin FPT ang tm kim cc phng thc hp tc tng t nh vi VTC c thm mt s knh phim truyn ca i ny. Vi mt thu bao ADSL 2+ ca FPT, khch hng c th xem mt lc 3 knh truyn hnh ng thi. Hin FPT ang c gn 100.000 thu bao ADSL, FPT s cung cp dch v gi tr gia tng IPTV cho cc khch hng ny. Ngoi FPT, cc doanh nghip khc nh VNPT, Viettel cng ang chun b cho qu trnh trin khai dch v IPTV trn mng bng rng.

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KT LUN IPTV c cc chuyn gia nhn nhn l mt cng ngh c kh nng mang ti li nhun rt ln cho cc nh cung cp vin thng trong mt tng lai gn. IPTV c th thay i phng thc xem cc chng trnh truyn hnh v l mt cuc cch mng trong vic to ra ni dung. Vi s pht trin ca cng ngh truy cp bng rng v cc thit b sn xut chng trnh truyn hnh, cc chuyn gia tin tng rng IPTV thc s c kh nng cnh tranh vi cc chng trnh truyn hnh v tinh, truyn hnh cp hay cc loi truyn hnh thng thng. Khch hng c li rt ln t cc dch v IPTV, h s thch th vi ni dung chng trnh linh hot do chnh h la chn. Cc ng dng tng tc v theo yu cu khng ch cho php khch hng la chn cc chng trnh gii tr m n cn cung cp cc cng c hc tp. Truyn hnh IP c th c khai thc v s dng di nhiu nh dng khc nhau. IPTV cng c nhn nhn nh l mt phng thc cho cc nh cung cp ni dung m rng th trng. IPTV khng ch n gin l a ra cc chng trnh truyn hnh thng thng bng cc kt ni hay cc thit b khc. Vi chi ph thp trong vic sn xut ni dung cho php cc nh cung cp IPTV a ra rt nhiu chng trnh, t th thao, thi s cho ti cc chng trnh o to trn Tivi, v nhiu chng trnh khc na. trin khai thc cc dch v IPTV cn phi c mt nn tng mng bng rng cht lng v an ton. Bn cnh , vic qun l mng IPTV khi i vo hot ng cng l vn cn phi c bit ch , v hiu qu ca mng cao hay thp ph thuc vo yu t ny. Mc d IPTV vn trong giai on bt u, nhng c s pht trin ca mt s nh cung cp cng nh s lng thu bao. Hin ti IPTV l mt nhn t quan trng trong th trng truyn hnh thu ph, v trong tng lai cc nh cung cp IPTV s cho ra cc dch v mi v s thu ht c rt nhiu khch hng.

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TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Understanding IPTV (Gilbert Held) 2. Gerard O Driscoll, (2008), Next Generation IPTV Services and Technologies, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. 3. Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPTV) 4. Internet Protocol Television (VNPT) 5. Cng ngh truy cp trong mng NGN - ThS Nguyn Vit Hng. NXB Thng tin truyn thng 2007.

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