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Tensioning device (with excess rope pulled through) End anchor Travelling device
HLL
(iii) lifeline begins to stretch and deflect; travelling device slides down lifeline
(iv) lifeline at maximum deflection, providing sufficient reaction force for energy absorbing lanyard to extend; applied arrest force transmitted to and magnified at end-anchors
(v) energy absorbed; lifeline tends to oscillate up and down about an equilibrium position until residual motion is fully damped; worker adopts post-fall suspension position awaiting rescue
1.25 m
rescue implications
What will be the vertical and horizontal distance between Rescuer(s) and Rescuee(s) from nearest safe rescue position How many people will need rescuing? What equipment will be used in the rescue? Where can equipment be installed to HLL or to separate anchors? Will it be better to lower or raise the Rescuee(s)? Will the rescue method create new risks for Rescuer and Rescuee? Will Rescuee(s) require medical treatment prior to lowering/raising operation? Will there be sufficient time to carry out the rescue?
Performance
initial tension
Note: HLL based on 1/2 inch diameter steel rope 6 x 25 IWRC construction, clipped eyes on each end. Interconnection equipment consisted of a 5/8 inch nylon lanyard of 1.0 m overall length. Free fall distance 1.285 m, drop mass of 100 kg.
10
30
50
initial tension m
10
30
50
initial tension
V deflection
Research on 33 m span HLL No of masses 1 x 100 kg 2 x 100 kg 4 x 100 kg V deflection 2080 mm 3545 mm 3900 mm
rescue anchors
? ? ?
for attachment of
rescue equipment
Summary of test results of multiple near-simultaneous fall simulations on long single-span HLL
Test No 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 Cable type / span (m) Galv / 33 Galv / 33 Galv / 33 Galv / 33 Galv / 33 Galv / 33 SS / 33 Galv / 17 Kern / 17 Galv / 33 SS / 17 No. of test masses released 1 1 1 2 4 6 4 2 2 2 2 Free fall (m) 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.0 No. of in-line Maximum end anchor load energy (kN) absorbers 1 2 3 2 1 17.7 19.8 20.3 16.0 27.2 26.8 19.3 17.4 8.4 25.2 33.3
Potential anchor points that may have been weakened as a result of fall impact
Answers: No rescue methods are available This is a difficult area Gaps in structure over which HLL spans limits the number of safe rescue anchor positions Users are not asking for rescue equipment at the moment We are recommending that users find their own rescue equipment We are analysing the problem and are designing rescue methods and equipment to suit
Rescue Approaches
1. drag Rescuee back to a safe area using equipment mounted to an end-anchor 2. install twin parallel HLLs in close proximity one for fallarrest purposes and one of rescue purposes 3. reassessing anchors to allow attachment of rescue equipment, and stresses of fallarrest loadings
2 3
Useful information
HSE Research Report 266
A review of criteria concerning design, selection, installation, use, maintenance and training aspects of temporarily-installed horizontal lifelines available at http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrhtm/rr266.htm
BS 8437: (2005)
Code of practice for selection, use and maintenance of personal fall protection systems and equipment for use in the workplace
BS 8454: (2006)
Code of practice for the delivery of training and education for work at height and rescue available from BSI