Heat Transfer & Process Integration 2012-2013 Semester 2 Problem Solving Session 12 -NTU Heat Exchanger Questions Given:

1 exp NTU 1 C * 1 C * exp NTU 1 C *

)]

)]) , for countercurrent flow, and

1 exp NTU 1 + C * , for co-current flow. 1 + C*

)]

and an effectiveness-NTU chart for an E-shell with an even number of tube passes. 1. A stream of flowrate 10 kg s1, of specific heat capacity 3500 J kg1 K1, is to be heated to 90C. A heat exchanger has an overall heat transfer coefficient of 1300 W m2 K1 and a heat transfer area of 20 m2. Determine the minimum inlet temperature of the cold stream to achieve this outlet temperature, for the following situations: i) countercurrent flow, C* = 1, heating fluids inlet temperature is 110C; ii) countercurrent flow, C* = 0, heating fluids temperature is 110C; iii) cocurrent flow, C* = 1, heating fluids inlet temperature is 110C; iv) cocurrent flow, C* = 0, heating fluids temperature is 110C; v) E-type, one shell pass, two tube pass shell and tube heat exchanger, C* = 1, heating fluids inlet temperature is 110C; vi) E-type heat exchanger, C* = 0, heating fluids temperature is 110C. Tabulate the effectiveness values and corresponding temperatures for the various conditions, and sketch the temperature-enthalpy diagrams for each situation. Use the table and sketches to comment on the different temperatures calculated. Selected Answers: C =0 C* = 1
*

Countercurrent = 0.524, Tc1 = 68C

Co-current

E-type C

= 0.387, Tc1 =

= 0.41, Tc1 = 76.1C

2. Calculate the exit temperatures of the two streams for each configuration, for U = 1400 W m2 K1 and A = 35 m2, if the inlet temperature of the hot and cold streams are 110C and 70C, respectively, Cc = 35000 W K1, and: i) Ch = 50000 W K1; ii) Ch = 24500 W K1. Again, tabulate the effectiveness values and corresponding temperatures for the various conditions, and sketch the temperature-enthalpy diagrams for each situation. Why are the outlet temperatures of the cold fluid less in the second case, even though the thermal effectiveness is greater? Selected Answers: Countercurrent Co-current E-type 1 Ch = 50000 W K , = 0.635 = = NTU = Tc2 = 95.4C T c2 = C Tc2 = 93.2C Th2 = 92.2C Th2 = 87.2C Th2 = C

Adapted from the 2006-07 HT&PI Exam Paper 3. A 1:2 pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger is used for the heating of 10000 kg h1 of boiler feed water at a pressure of 2 bar (Tsat = 120.2C) from 16C to 84C. Hot oil enters the shell side of the exchanger at 160C and leaves at 94C. An identical exchanger is available on the site and is to be used in series with the existing exchanger in order to recover more enthalpy from the hot oil stream. After the completion of the installation of the second exchanger in series with the first one, the outlet temperatures of both the oil and the water are measured to be 89.3C and 88.7C respectively. On the assumption that both the exchangers are performing identically, have the two exchangers been connected in series counter-current or co-current flow? 4. Answer ALL parts of this question. A shell and tube heat exchanger is to be used to recover heat from a stream of hot water leaving an industrial process. This hot stream will enter the shell-side of the exchanger and will flow in a single pass (TEMA E shell). The hot water flows at a rate of 10,000 kg h1 and a temperature of 105C. A stream of clean cold water (16,000 kg h1) must be heated from 30C to 60C. This stream will flow through the tube-side of the exchanger. The tubes are made of brass with an OD of 0.019 m and an ID of 0.0165 m. The velocity of the cold water within the tubes must not exceed 0.4 m s1 and the tube length must not exceed 1.9 m. a) Find the minimum number of even tube passes and the number of tubes per pass, if the overall heat transfer coefficient based on the outside area of the tubes is 1300 W m2 K1. [17 marks] b) Evaluate the outlet temperatures of the hot and cold streams for the configuration obtained in part (a). [8 marks] Physical data: The specific heat capacity of water at 80C is 4.198 kJ kg1 K1 and at 45C is 4.181 kJ kg1 K1. Density of water at 45C is 990.2 kg m3. Design charts: Attached is an effectiveness/NTU chart for an E-shell with an even number of tube passes. E-NTU charts for countercurrent and cocurrent flow are also attached, just for interest you could check your answers to Questions 1 and 2 using these, and compare their general shapes and features with that for the E-shell. Why is the 95% of Emax line so different for the countercurrent graph compared with the other two? And why is there a line on the other two graphs that doesnt feature on the co-current graph? Also, plot the various conditions in the above questions on the various graphs (including the LMTD correction factor chart (from the previous problem sheet) for Questions 4 and 5), just to see how they compare.