**********reproduced from already available sources in INTERNET******************* Who is the real Manmohan Singh?

Paranjoy Guha Thakurta

Praised by supporters as a man with determination and unquestioned personal integrity, Dr Manmohan Singh's journey from economist to politician as been long and eventful.

IS THE Prime Minister, Dr Manmohan Singh, a pushover? Do his mild manners and his squeaky-clean reputation cover up a personality that is malleable and easily amenable to influence? Is it correct that he succumbs to pressure from his colleagues, if not his opponents? The answers to these questions would depend a lot on the side of the political fence one is sitting on.

Dr Manmohan Singh's critics would interpret his humility and his self-deprecating character as indications of weakness. His supporters, on the other hand, would argue that behind the timid faade is an individual with not just grit and determination, but a person whose personal integrity has never been questioned.

True, Dr Singh is a relative newcomer to politics. Despite decades of experience in dealing with various politicians, he did not enter politics until as late as June 1991, when the then Prime Minister, Mr P. V. Narasimha Rao. made him Finance Minister.

It is also true that Dr Singh never won an election to the Lok Sabha. The only time he contested the Lok Sabha election from the South Delhi constituency in the September-October 1999 elections he lost by roughly 30,000 votes to Prof Vijay Kumar Malhotra of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Dr Singh is the first Prime Minister who has never been elected to the Lower House of Parliament. (Although both Mr H. D. Deve Gowda and Mr I. K. Gujral were members of the Rajya Sabha when they served as Prime Ministers, they had been elected to the Lok Sabha.)

The Prime Minister's supporters would have us believe that his relative lack of political experience would serve him in good stead and that the country would benefit from the stewardship of a technocrat, a bureaucrat, an academic and a professional Dr Singh has been all of these.

On the other hand, what cannot also be denied is that he would have to muster all the political skills at his command to manage a still-fragile coalition government that is dependent on support from the Left for its very survival.

While his critics have called him timid and over-cautious, his decision to devalue the Indian currency by a whopping 18 per cent against the dollar in the first three days of July 1991 earned him a place in the country's history books. So was his decision later that month to dismantle the infamous licence-control raj, virtually at one fell stroke.

One of his first controversial statements, made at a press conference on the day he assumed office as Finance Minister, was that it would be unrealistic to expect the government to roll back the prices of a host of commodities a promise made in the election manifesto of the Congress party drafted under the supervision of Rajiv Gandhi.

As soon as Dr Singh's views on the subject were publicised, a section within his own party attacked him, after which he had to retract his words.

Even earlier, on a number of occasions, Dr Singh is understood to have stood by his word and not given in to political pressure. During his stint as the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India in the early 1980s, he had staunchly opposed the entry into India of the Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) against the wishes of a powerful group. He subsequently stated that his stand had been vindicated when the BCCI went under amidst a storm of negative publicity. (The bank did manage to enter the country later.)

It is known that Dr Singh had offered to put in his papers as Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission after Rajiv Gandhi, who was then Prime Minister, had derogatorily described the Members of the Commission as a "bunch of jokers".

This statement was subsequently denied but it is said that it took quite a bit of persuasion to convince Dr Singh that he should not insist on quitting. Subsequently, Dr Singh is believed to have thankfully accepted the post of Secretary of the Geneva-based South Commission when an offer came from Kenneth Kaunda.

While he was with the South Commission and even earlier, during the 1960s, when he wrote the book Export Trends and Prospects for Self-Sustained Growth (Oxford University Press, 1964), Dr Singh was not exactly enamoured of the prescriptions of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund towards developing countries.

Yet, this was the same man who tried valiantly to convince his political opponents that the IMF's 3-D prescription of `deflate, devalue and deregulate' was a bitter pill that was "necessary" for the revival of the economy as the government had just borrowed $5 billion from the IMF.

Even if Dr Singh was unsuccessful in convincing everybody that he had not capitulated to the IMF's conditionalities, the years that followed saw him try and restore some of the savage cuts that had been made to government spending on the social sector, especially education and health-care.

His critics among the Right as well as the Left had a completely different take on what took place. The Right-wing complained that the policy of so-called economic reforms had been abandoned while sections of the Left contended that the government could revert to populist economic measures since the foreign exchange crisis had blown over.

In July 1991, this correspondent had interviewed Dr Singh for the now-defunct Sunday magazine and had asked him to react to those who were claiming his timid personality had been suddenly transformed.

This is what he said: "I don't think it is at all true that I have been timid. One day, when the country's archives are prepared, people will know the truth. What I am saying now is what I have been saying ever since I came into the government. It is true that I have lived within the system and that I have not been successful in changing the system's thinking earlier. Go through what I have written in the Sixth Plan and Seventh Plan documents I am saying the same things even today. Maybe I was not able to implement everything. But then I was just a small cog.

"When I came to the Finance Ministry in 1971, I wrote a paper called "What To Do With Victory" (that was when Indira Gandhi's popularity was at its peak). I had written at that time that all these controls in the name of socialism would not lead to growth but would strangle the impulses for growth. I had said that these controls would not reduce inequalities but increase them. I have not been timid. I have spoken my mind freely and frankly. But I've also served as a faithful civil servant. Even if I have been overruled, I have carried out the orders of my political masters."

Now that he is the political master of all in his government, will he listen to voices of dissent? During the same interview, I had asked Dr Singh in what manner his economic views had changed over the years.

He replied: "I used to be in favour of gradual change. But I look around the world and realise that time is not on our side. There has been a complete collapse of the command economies of Eastern Europe. This country will be marginalised if we don't move forward at a breathtaking pace. I'm convinced that if there has to be structural change, it must be done quickly. That's how my views have changed."

Reading these words today, I am struck by the fact that this is the same person who has repeatedly asserted that the Communists are "patriots" and one who has again made fashionable an oft-repeated dictum of yesteryear that growth is meaningless unless it is accompanied by equity.

So, who is the real Manmohan Singh? Time alone will tell. The former Secretary of the South Commission or the gung-ho liberaliser? In at least one respect, he has been consistent over the decades: he has always believed that economic reform can never be sustained unless it has a human face.

India Plans Investigation Of B.C.C.I. Activity There

By SANJOY HAZARIKA Published: September 16, 1991

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Finance Minister Manmohan Singh announced on Saturday that he would ask the country's intelligence agencies to investigate charges that the Bank of Credit and Commerce International laundered money from India and maintained close contacts with drug barons. "It was probably a mistake to bring this bank" into India, Mr. Singh said during a six-hour debate in Parliament on the bank and its activities. He said Arab countries, including Abu Dhabi, had put

pressure on India to allow the opening of a B.C.C.I. branch in 1983 and also said domestic Muslim lobbies had joined in the pressure. The debate was often acrimonious, with lawmakers interrupting each other angrily and accusing others of talking "rubbish." Mr. Singh said the Government would rely on investigations by the United States Congress and the Bank of England. He warned opposition critics not to press their campaign too strongly, saying that unfounded accusations against investments by Indians living abroad and the banking system could do "irreparable damage" to financial institutions.

Mr. Singh said intelligence agencies had kept a watch on the bank's activities in India since it opened a branch in Bombay in 1983. The bank, founded by Aga Hassan Abedi of Pakistan, is being investigated in several countries on accusations of building up a network of patronage and bad deals and laundering illicit money. In 1986, Indian Government investigators raided the bank, seized foreign exchange released to travel agents on the basis of forged signatures and arrested several bank employees. The bank was fined an unspecified penalty and $132,000 of foreign exchange and the equivalent of $100,000 in Indian currency was confiscated. Jaswant Singh of the opposition Bharatiya Janata Party has suggested that the bank was connected with narcotics smugglers in India. The opposition leader later dropped a demand for an investigation of the B.C.C.I. issue by a parliamentary committee.

The Globalists' and USA's way of getting "their" Policies Implemented in India Or "MM Singh,The Economic Hit-Man".
The USA and MM Singh use the method of CREATING a PROBLEM to attain the aim of having THEIR POLICIES IMPLEMENTED in India,BY OFFERING THE SAME AS "THE" SOLUTION!The

in most of THE Indian cases MM Singh is,VERY STRONGLY SUSPECTE D,to be involved in subjecting India to FRAUDS,as without his KNOWLEDGE these are
Globalists practise this on the World level.It is worth noting NOT possible.And to imagine that he has been the PM of India for the last 7 years and has been in the Indian Political scene for at least,the last 20 years!!! One of the many examples is the 2 G spectrum scam,in which he was claiming no knowledge and was later PROVEN to have KNOWN "THESE" THINGS from at least 2006. 1.MM Singh in 1990s.Gold swap with Bank Of England and Union Bank of Switzerland.IMF and MM Singh CREATED the problem in India.The relevant portion from this link:"Enter Dr. Manmohan Singh: The Economic Origins for New Delhis Strategic

Shift? The Indian shift away from non-alignment and its strategic partnerships is deeply connected to the unseen regime change in New Delhi that was initiated with the

restructuring of Indian economic policy. 1991 was a year of change for India. It was also the year that President George Bush Sr. declared that the New World Order was beginning to emerge and also the same year as the Gulf War and the collapse of the Soviet Union. A common denominator between 1991 and India in the late-2000s is Dr. Manmohan Singh, the current head of the Indian government. Dr. Singh received his doctorate (PhD.) as an economist from Oxford University and also attended Cambridge University. He is a former ranking officer of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in India. His positions included Deputy for India on the IMF Committee of Twenty on International Monetary Reform (1972-1974), IMF Associate (1976-1980, 1982-1985), Alternative Governor for India on the IMF Board of Governors (1982-1985), and Governor for India on the Board of Governors of the IMF (1991-1995). Several of these positions coincided with appointments within the government and national cabinet of India. This also includes the position of Dr. Singh as the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (19821985). Dr. Singh was one of the faces behind the restructuring of the Indian economy in 1991, in league with the IMF. He was appointed as the Indian Finance Minister in 1991 by Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao, a man accused with corruption, during a financial crisis that was brought about by IMF policies. India was nearly bankrupted during this period of reforms and state assets surrendered to domestic and foreign private investors. The economic policies of establishing a truly self-sufficiently Indian economy were abandoned and privatization became wide spread. Economic liberalization pushed aside the long-term goals of eliminating poverty in India and providing high standards of living. The Indian agricultural sector was also infected by foreign multi-national corporations through the so-called Green Revolution. Before being appointed to the post of Indian Finance Minister, Dr. Singh was decisive in creating the financial crisis in India through coordination with the IMF. The policies of Dr. Singh by design also left India without enough reserves to meet its financial commitments. India was also deprived of the means to improve its economy by IMF policies The origins of these policies became obvious when Indian civil servants started complaining of sloppy, American-style, and non-British spelling, writing, and grammar in Indian government finance documents and papers. As a result Indian national assets and wealth were siphoned off and foreign control, including that of the Bank of England, of Indian finances began. 1996 spelled the death of the Rao Administration in India because of the backlash of economic liberalization and the unpopularity of the government. With the economic shifts of 1991 began the road down the path to political shift. On May 22, 2004 the IMFs man in New Delhi, Dr. Singh, returned to office to became the Prime Minister of India. This time political reforms including turning Indias back on the Non-Alignment Movement (N.A.M.), Iran at the IAEA, and Russias aim to realize the Primakov Doctrine were on the table. India and the Manufactured Clash of Civilizations in Eurasia In many Indian circles the colonial bonds with London are still strong and there are views that New Delhi, or at least the Indian elites, are natural members of the Anglo-

American establishment. There is also a taint of racial theory attached to these views with links to the caste system and the Indian elites Aryan self-concepts. Huntingtons Clash of Civilizations notion and Mackinders geo-strategic population model are factors behind these views too. Resource competition, demographics, and economic competition are seen as fuel that will inevitably draw India and China into a clash for supremacy in Asia. Is it primarily because of geography, amongst other factors, that Indian Civilization (labeled as Hindu Civilization in regards to Huntingtons model) is said to have a conflicting relationship or affiliation with Chinese Civilization (labeled as Sinic Civilization by Huntingtons model) and Islamic Civilization? This theory is short-sighted; if true where are the centuries of fighting between Chinese and Indian civilization? For the most part both lived in peace. The same applied to Islamic Civilization. New Delhis Trajectory: A Reversion to the British Raj? Is India reverting to the status quo of the British Raj? India has moved beyond a policy of superalignment. Indias elites believe that to achieve their place in the sun they must buy into the socio-economic and political agenda of the so-called, Core countries the global financial power holders of the Periphery. Indias commitment to the NonAlignment Movement (N.A.M.) is also dead all but in name. The foreign policy course that Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru had charted for India has been abandoned. Internally, for the last two decades India has been colonizing itself. Communities and ethnic groups have been played agains one another. These are both cases where local and foreign elites are working hand-in-hand. The ruling elites, with the aid of the Indian government, are appropriating all forms of resourses, rights, and property from countless people to fuel the so-called economic liberalization process with no regard for their fellow citizens. Water and national assets are being privatized and virtual slave labour is, once again, being institutionalized everything that Mahatma Gandhi and his follower worked hard to eliminate. The free trade deals being struck by the U.S. and E.U. with India are a part of this process and have been integrating India into the global economic order. Hand-in-hand with India being part of a global economic order goes the domination of Eurasia. India is on a serious path of militarization that will lead New Delhi towards conflict with China. In such a war both Asian giants would be losers and the U.S. and its allies the real winners. Due to their flexibility the Indian elite may still change course, but there is a clear motion to exploit and mobilize India in Eurasia against its neighbours and the major powers of Eurasia. This is the true meaning, intent, nature, and agenda behind the socalled Clash of Civilizations in Eurasia. The threat of a nuclear war between China and India is real in the words of the Indian military, but what is important to realize is that such a confrontation is part of a much larger series of wars or a wider struggle between the powers of Eurasia and the nations of the Periphery, led by the United States." India is suspected to have got Tungsten plated with Gold for its pure Gold,in the 1990s when M M Singh is involved.Why else would one take up the risky job of "transferring Gold to and fro" within a few days?47 MT with the Bank Of England and 20 with the Union Bank Of Switzerland.India at the losing side of a Diomedian Swap?

It is worth noting that BoE is suspected to be involved in the LIBOR rate-fixing scandal. The Gold Tungsten Scam has been going on from the 1980s.[Tungsten and Gold have almost the SAME DENSITY] It is worth noting that,M M Singh,in the 1990s wanted Gold Bank[ to confiscate the Citizens' Gold and replace the 'FAKE' Gold,of course,on the diktat of the IMF and the World Bank?]. As in 2013,the RBI,seems to want to revive this dangerous,ANTI-PEOPLE, scheme.

2.Divestment of PSUs.Fiscal Deficit was kept deliberately high.Rothschilds who are suspected to have PLANTED MM Singh in the Indian banking
and Political scenes ARE the ADVISERS to the Indian Government on the Divestment of PSUs!A similar advice by them to Margaret Thatcher shattered the British Economy.Their aim in India also seems the same,as they ,are reported to have a penchant for bankrupting Nations and

Thus those who are suspected to have PLANTED MM Singh, ENJOY IMMUNITY in India by proxy.
ruling them over.

Privatization,PPP etc are equivalent to bankrupting the Nation,as the National Wealth,belonging to the people of the Republic Of India, is sold at a very cheap rate or shared with a FEW individuals. PPP makes Private players partners in the Government ushering Oligarchy,in the Democratic Republic Of India.Privatization and PPP,do away with CAG Audit also:-the Thieves can have a field day. At present India is NOT,in so bad a

position as to sell the Family Silver.Doing so,will leave the Nation bankrupt during emergencies,as the Reserve has been sold off cheaply at GOOD TIMES,when there was NO NEED to do so. As per TOI,the UPA, has given a tax incentive to the Oligarchs to the tune of Rs 4.6 Lakh Crores last year[2010/2011]
3.Indo-US Nuke deal.Crude price increased to $145 per barrel and the same was cited
as one of the reasons for justifying the deal..

4.OMCs are PROFITABLE. Indian Oil Marketing PSUs are shown to run on LOSS,and the same is cited as the excuse, though they are reported to give the UPA Govt good
returns for Subsidy reduction for them and Petrol and Diesel, price deregulation. The UPA earns MORE than it spends on subsides! BUT Tax Incentive to the Oligarchs in 2010/11,ALONE,is Rs 4.6 Lakh Crores. An excerpt from the, SECOND,, link above:-

The next question is whether the government is actually running a deficit visa-vis the petroleum sector. A macroeconomic view of the petroleum sector gives us an exactly opposite picture. Surya P Sethi, former energy adviser to the Planning Commission, estimated the
"
contribution of this sector through taxes to the central as well as the state governments and contrasted it with the total subsidies provided by the government. Table 4 presents the data in this regard. He presents the data till 2008-09. To extend the data to 2010-11, a search at the same source as his remained futile since the Petroleum Planning and Analysis Cell has removed both the historical as well as current data on this. This table shows that in all the three years from 2006-07, the tax contribution of the petroleum sector is higher than the subsidies provided by the government, inclusive of the so-called under-recoveries. During 2010-2011 (data taken from Editorial, Peoples Democracy, July 3, 2011), the contribution to the central government exchequer from the petroleum sector is reportedly Rs 1,36,000 crore and to

the state governments about Rs 80,000 crore. The subsidy provided by the government including the oil bonds issued on the public sector oil marketing companies during the same period is Rs 40,000 crore, i.e., 20 percent of petroleum sectors contribution in taxes and duties.

Thus, the petroleum sector is not a drain on the Indian exchequer. Let us also address the issue of under-recoveries, which becomes a sore point
for the government and the media. This figure is often quoted to show that the oil companies are incurring losses due to the governmental regulation. What do these under-recoveries mean? The difference between the cost price and the realised price represents the under-recoveries of the oil marketing companies (OMCs). The realised price is the post-tax price". What are under-recoveries? A relevant excerpt from the link above:-

Oil refining and marketing companies which are unable to pass through any increase in the price of crude oil thus suffer under-recovery of costs. Technically under recovery which is the difference between the price at the refinery gate (desired price) and the realised price. It has been argued that there is no under-recovery of costs as the price of diesel at the refinery gate is based on trade parity price which has a generous padding of notional costs such as ocean freight which are not actually incurred by the refinery in question. As shown in the column D of table 1 below, the desired retail price of diesel as on November 1, 2011 was Rs. 49.48/litre (including Excise, VAT & Dealer Commission) on the basis of current framework for assigning retail price of diesel. The column F shows the price of diesel based on indicative cost estimates for a refinery importing crude from abroad and also on good international benchmark refinery margins. The price based on indicative cost is about Rs. 47.71 /litre and is about Rs. 1.77 less than the price
"

based on current pricing formula. The under recovery will be substantially less if it were defined as the difference between the refinery gate price (not import/trade parity) and realized price. When crude price is low or refinery margins are less or Indian rupee appreciates it is possible that there is a substantial over-recovery. The argument that refining companies should price their products on the basis of cost is not valid on the basis of economic principles according to which the value of a scare resource is calculated on the basis of its replacement cost." THIS is a superb LINK. As per THIS Press information Bureau Release by the Ministry of Petroleum And natural Gases,,dated,2/8/2011, the following is the break up, as regards the price of Petrol:Petrol price as on 01.08.2011 (Rs. per litre)
Price paid to refinery @ Trade Parity Inland Freight Marketing Cost and Margin Excise Duty (including cess etc.) Total price after Excise duty Less: Under-recovery absorbed by OMCs Price Charged to Customer - Depot Price Dealer Commission 35.39 + 0.65 + 1.47 +14.78 = 52.29 (-) 00.71 = 51.58 + 1.50

Value added Tax (Including VAT on dealer commission.) * Retail Selling Price * *
* VAT as per Delhi. It varies from 33 % to 15 % from State to State
th

+ 10.62 = 63.70

** Petrol Price is decontrolled with effect from 26 June, 2010. The price break up is as per IOC.

As the OMCs have no competition,doing away with "Marketing Cost And margin" and "Dealer Commission",will save Rs 2.97/=,in addition to VAT on the latter [Rs0.50].Hence a total of Rs 3.47/= per Litre of petrol can be saved..... It is noteworthy that the so-called,underrecovery is, ONLY 71 PAISE!!! BUT,ACTUALLY,THE SOCALLED,UNDERRECOVERIES,ARE IMAGINARY,AND NOT THE REAL LOSS SUFFERED BY THE OMCs. In addition,certain jugglery[amounting to BLATANT LIES,reportedly],are involved,in the [mis]-calculations of the "underrecoveries",by/of the OMCs! Ethanol Blending with petrol results in, at

least, Rs 1410 Cores annual profits for the OMCs.

5% Ethanol Blending with petrol to be mademandatory from December,2012. 5. Inflation kept high and Rupee weakened deli berately for ushering in FDI in retail.And the "excuse",in item 4 will raise Inflation at a very rapid pace.Two BIRDs with one stone for MM Singh and his Masters. DEREGULATION AND PRICE HIKES OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,WILL HELP THE MNCs AND THE PRIVATE PLAYERS TO MAKE HUGE PROFITS AT EXPENSE OF INDIANS!THUS

DEREGULATION AND FDI IN RETAIL ARE CONNECTED!!!

Wal-Mart spends more than Rs 52 Crores in India for Lobbyingin the last two years.Who gains?Is this NOT corruption? 6.Food Bill and Food shortage/NEED, will be created for ushering in the GMO for favouring US GMO Cos. New Zealand's Food Security Bill,the shape of things to come,if NOT countered. The proposed Food Security Bill. 7.War On terror is used to make the Citizens voluntarily lose their freedoms.UID,Smartgrid,Natgrid. The proposed ID Bill.
8.On the Global front Climate gate is used to usher in Carbon tax,Carbon Trading Carbon currency etc.

9.The Green Initiative to make Paper less and electronic record.This way nobody will OWN TANGIBLES. ATMs,Demat Accounts,EVMs,MERS,Financial Transaction via the NET, enable, Electronic and Digital theft by the Technically savvy who are either the Government itself or the technically powerful. The proposed ESD Bill. Though an article on the Italian Financial Mess,thanks to the Globalist bankers,THIS may as well apply to India.
10.India,reportedly, bought 193 MT of Tungsten Bars plated with Gold from the IMF.The

India at the LOSING side of a Diomedian Swap,for the second time?

excuse being increasing India's Gold Reserve.

The GOLD with the RBI,[EACH SAMPLE],

has to be assayed for PURITY and AUDITED for Quantity.

To be continued.....