1

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

1. If a <b <c <d then prove that for any real
the quadratic equation
(x - a) (x - c) + (x - b) (x - d) =0 has real
roots, for then e the interval
(a) (- , 0) (b) (- , )
(c) (0, ) (d) None of these

2. If the roots of the equation x
2
px +q =0
differ by unity then
(a) p
2
=1 4q (b) p
2
=1 +4q
(c) q
2
=1- 4p (d) q
2
=1+4p

3. If p and q are the roots of the equation
x
2
+px +q =0, then
(a) p =1, q =-2 (b) p =0, q =1
(c) p =-2, q =0 (d) p =-2, q =1

4. If the roots of the equation
x
2
2ax +a
2
+a 3 =0 are less than 3 then
(a) a <2 (b) 2 s a s 3
(c) 3 <a s 4 (d) a >4 .
5. The set of values of p for which the roots of
the equation 3x
2
+2x +p(p - 1) =0 are of
opposite sign is
(a) (-, 0) (b) (0, 1)
(c) (1, ) (d) (0, )

6. If the inequality 5
2 2
4 3
2
2
<
+ +
+ +
x x
x mx
is satisfied
for all x e R, then
(a) 1 <m<5 (b) 1 <m<5
(c) 1 <m<6 (d)
24
71
< m
7. If x is real, then maximumvalue of
y =2 (a - x) ) (
2 2
b x x + + is
(a) a
2
+ b
2
(b) a
2
- b
2

(c) a
2
+ 2b
2
(d) 2a
2
+ b
2


8. x
4
4x 1 =0 has
(a) exactly one positive real root
(b) exactly one negative real root
(c) exactly two real roots
(d) None of these.

9. If x
2
+ ax +b is an integer for every integer x
then
(a) a is always an integer but b need not
be an integer
(b) b is always an integer but a need not
be an integer
(c) a +b is always an integer
(d) a and b are always integers.

10. If x
2
4x +log

a =0 does not have two

distinct real roots, then maximumvalue of a
is
(a)1/4 (b) 1/16
(c) 1 /4 (d) None of these

11. if c >0 and 4a +c <2b then ax
2
bx +c =0
has a root in the interval
(a) (0, 2) (b) (2, 4)
(c) (0, 1) (d) (-2, 0)

12. Thelargest negative integer, which satisfies,
0
) 3 ( ) 2 (
1
2
>


x x
x
is
(a) -4 (b) -3
(c) -1 (d) -2

13. Conditions on a and b for which
x
2
ax b
2
is less than zero for at least one
positive x are
(a) a >0, b <0 (b) a >0, b >0
(c) a <0, b >0 (d) a <0 , b <0

14. If p and q are the roots of x
2
+px +q =0,
then
(a) p =1 (b) p =1 or 0
(c) p = - 2 (d) p =-2 or 0

2

15. If o, | are the roots of 6x
2
- 2x +1 =0 and
s
x
=o
n
+|
n
, then

=

n
r
r
n
s Lt
1
is
(a)
17
5
(b) 0
(c)
37
3
(d) None
16. Let p and q be roots of the equation
x
2
2x +A =0 and let r and s be the roots
of the equation x
2
18x +B =0.
If p < q < r < s are in arithmetic
progression, then (A, B) =
(a) (3, 77) (b) (3, 7)
(c) (-3, 77) (d) (3, -7)

17. Let o, | be the roots of x
2
x +p =0 and ,
o be the roots x
2
4x +q =0. If o, |, , o
are in G.P., then the integral values of p and
q respectively, are
(a)-2, - 32 (b) 2, 3
(c) 6, 3 (d) 6, - 32

18. If o and | be the roots of x
2
+px +1 =0
and , o the roots of x
2
+px +1 =0, then
the value of (o - ) (| - ) (o +o) (| +o ) is
equal to
(a) p
2
q
2
(b) q
2
p
2

(c) p
2
(d) q
2


19. For the equation 3x
2
+px +3 =0, p >0, if
one of the roots is square of the other, then
p is equal to
(a) 1/3 (b) 1
(c) 3 (d) 2/3

20. If o, |, are the roots of the equation
x
3
+ax +b =0 then
2 2 2
3 3 3
+ | + o
+ | + o
is equal
to
(a)
a
b
2
3
(b)
a
b
2
3

(c) 3b (d) 2a

21. Let f (x) =px
3
+5x
2
qx +1. If f (x) be
divided by (2x +1) the remainder is 5 and
f ' (x) is divisible by 3x 1, then p, q are
(a) 24, 12 (b) 26, 12
(c) 26. 10 (d) None

22. If o and | (o <|), are the roots of the
equation x
2
+bx +c, where c <0 <b, then
(a) 0 <o <|
(b) o <0 <| < o
(c) o < | < 0
(d) o <0 <o <|

23. The two quadratic equations x
2
3x +2 =0
and x
2
+(a
2
- 2) x 2a
2
=0 have
(a) Both roots common for some a e R
(b) Only one common root a e R
(c) No common root a e R
(d) None

24.The value of x
2
+2bx +c is positive if
(a) b
2
4c >0 (b) b
2
4c <0
(c) c
2
<b (d) b
2
<c

25. The inequality 2
2 2
2
2
2
>


x x
x x
holds
only if
(a) 1 <x <-
3
2
only
(b) only for
3
2
<x <1
(c) 1 <x <1
(d) 1 <x <-
3
2
or
3
2
<x <1

26. The number solution of
log
4
(x - 1) =log
2
(x - 3) is
(a) 3 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 0

27. If x satisfies the inequality
log
25
x
2
+(log
5
x)
2
<2, then x e
(a) |
.
|

\
|
5 ,
25
1
(b) (1 , 2)
(c) (4, 5) (d) (0, 1)

28. If
)
2
(
7
log
5 4
7
+ x x
=(x 1) then x many have
values
(a) (2, 3) (b) 7
(c) (-2, -3) (d) (2, -3)
29. If
] 11 log 6 ) [(log
2
2
2
+ x x
x =64, then x =
(a) 2 (b) 4

3
(c) 8 (d) 16
30. The equations =
+ 4 / 5 log x) (log (3/4)
2
2
2
x
x
\2 has
(a) at least one real solution
(b) exactly three real solutions
(c)exactly one irrational solution
(d) complex roots. The roots of the equation
2 6
2
+ = x x x
(a) 2, 1, 4 (b) 0, 2, 4
(c) 0, 1, 4 (d) 2, 2, 4
32. The equation 1 4 1 1 = + x r x x has
(a) no solution
(b) one solution
(c) two solutions
(d) more than two solutions

33. The number of the integer solutions of
x
2
+9 <(x +3)
2
<8x +25 is
(a) one (b) two
(c) three (d) none

34. If , 14 ) 3 4 7 ( ) 3 4 7 (
3 4
2
3 4
2
= + +
+ + x x x x

then the value of x is given by
(a) 2 (b) 2 2
(c) 2 + 2 (d) None of these

35. The value of x satisfying the equation

9
log 2
2
3
log
1
x x
x

=(x - 1)
7
is
(a) 3 (b) 9
(c) 27 (d) 81






Quadratic Equations

1. (a, b, c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (b)
6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (a, b, c) 9. (c, d) 10. (b)
11. (a) 12. (d) 13. (a, b, c, d) 14. (b) 15. (b)
16. (c) 17. (a) 18. (b) 19. (c) 20. (a)
21. (b) 22. (b) 23. (b) 24. (d) 25. (d)
26. (b) 27. (a) 28. (a) 29. (a, b, c) 30. (a, b, c)
31. (d) 32. (a) 33. (d) 34. (a, b, c) 35. (d)




4




Solutions

Sol. 1. (a, b, c)
Let f (x) =(x - a) (x - c)
+(x - b) (x - d)
Now f (a) = (a - b) (a - d) and f (c)
= (c -b) (c - d)
So f (a) . f (c) =
2
(a - b) (a - d)
(c - b) (c - d) <0
(since a <b <c <d )
Hence f (x) =0 has one real root between a and c
. Since f (x) =0
is a Quadratic equation with real coefficients,
therefore both the roots of f(x) =0 will be real.
Sol. 2. (b)
Suppose the equation x
2
px +q =0 has the roots
o +1 and o then
o +1 +o =p 2o =p 1 ..(1)
and (o +1) o =q o
2
+o =q ...(2)
Putting the value of o from(1) in (2),we get

q
p p q
p p
4
) 1 ( 2 ) 1 (
2
1
4
) 1 (
2
2
=
+ =

p
2
1 =4q p
2
=4q +1.
Alternative solution:
Let o and | be the roots.
1 4 ) ( 1
2
= o| | + o = | o
p
2
4q =1, or p
2
=1 +4q
Hence (b) is the correct answer.
Sol. 3. (a)
Since p and q are roots of the equation
x
2
+px +q =0,
p +q =- p and pq =q
pq =q q =0 or p =1
if q =0, then p =0 and if p =1, then q =- 2
Hence (a) is the correct answer.



Sol. 4. (a)
Since roots are less than a real number, roots
must be real
4a
2
4 (a
2
+a 3) > 0
a s 3, ..(1)
let f (x) =x
2
2ax +a
2
+a 3. Since 3 lie outside
the roots,
f(3) >0 a <2 or a >3 (2)
Sumof the roots must be less than 6
2a <6 a <3 (3)
From(1), (2) and (3) we have a <2.
Hence (a) is the correct answer.
Sol. 5. (b)
Since the roots of the given equation are of
opposite sign, product of the roots <o
0
3
) 1 (
<

p p

p (p - 1) <0
p e (0, 1).
Hence (b) is the correct answer.
Sol. 6. (d)
We have x
2
+2x +2 =(x +1)
2
+1 >0, x e R.
Therefore, 5
2 2
4 3
2
2
<
+
+ +
x x
x mx

mx
2
+3x +4 <5 (x
2
+2x +2)
(m- 5) x
2
7x 6 <0, x e R.
This is possible if
D =b
2
4ac =49 +24 (m- 5) <0
and m 5 <0

24
71
< m
Hence (d) is the correct answer.

Sol. 7. (a)
Let t =x +
2 2
b x +

2
2 2
2 2
1 1
b
x b x
b x x
t
+
=
+ +
=
x
t
b
t 2
2
=
and
2 2
2
2 b x
t
b
t + = +
Thus 2(a x)(x +
2 2
b x + )
=(2a t + )
2
t
b
(t)
=2at t
2
+b
2
=a
2
+b
2
(a
2
- 2at +t
2
)


5
=a
2
+b
2
(a - t)
2

y =2(a - x) (x +
2 2
b x + ) s a
2
+b
2

Hence (a) is the correct answer.
Sol. 8. (a, b, c)
Let f (x) =x
4
4x 1.
f ' (x) =4x
3
- 4 =4 (x - 1)(x
2
+x +1)







So, f (x) decreases in (- , 1) and increases in (1,
)
But f (1) =-4, so f (x) =0 has two real roots in
which one will be positive and one will be
negative . (as f (0) is negative )
Hence (a) , (b) and (c) are the correct answer
Sol. 9. (c, d)
Let f (x) =x
2
+ax +b
Clearly, f (0) =b a is an integer.
Now f(1) =1 +a +b b is an integer
Hence (c) and (d) are the correct answers.
Sol. 10. (b)
Since x
2
4x +log
1/2
a =0 does not have two
distinct real roots. Discriminant s 0
16 4 log
1/2
a s 0 log
1/2
a > 4 a s 1/16
Hence (b) is the correct answer.
Sol. 11. (a)
Let f(x) =ax
2
bx +c
f(0) =c >0 and f(2) =4a 2b +c <0 so that f(x)
=0 has a root in the interval (0, 2)
Hence (a) is the correct answer.
Sol. 12. (d)
By wavy curve method.
0
) 3 ( ) 2 (
1
2
>


x x
x
x e (-, -1) (1, 2) (3,
)
Therefore largest negative integer is 2.
Hence (d) is the correct answer.
Sol. 13. (a, b, c, d)
Let f(x) =x
2
ax b
2

Discriminant =a
2
+4b
2
, which is positive if at
least one out of a and b is non-zero, Moreover
product of roots equals to b
2
.
Therefore roots will be of opposite signe. Hence
f(x) <0. for at least one positive real x if at least
one out of a and b is non-zero.
Hence (a), (b), (c) and (d) are the correct answer,.
Sol. 14. (b)
P +q =-p pq =q q(p 1) =0
q =0 or p =1
When q =0, then from1
st
relation
2p =0 p =0
Sol. 15. (b).
E =(o +|) +(o
2
+|
2
) +(o
3
+|
3
) +
.+(o
n
+|
n
)

n
Lt E =sumof two infinite G.P.s.
=
o| + | + o
o| | + o
=
|
|
+
o
o
) ( 1
2
1 1

| + o =
6
1
,
6
2
= o| N
r
is zero.
Sol. 16. (c).
Let the four number in A.P. be
a-3d,a d, a +d, a +3d
p q rs p <q <r <s
p +q =2, r +s =18
pq =A, rs =B given
p +q +r +s =4a =20 a =5
p +q =2 10 4d =2
r +s =18 10 +4d =18 d =2
Hence the numbers are 1, 3, 7, 11
pq =A =- 3, rs =B =77.

Sol. 17.(a).
Sol. 18. (b).
o +| =-p, o| =1, o =1
R.H.S. =[ o| - (o +|) +
2
]
[o| +o (o +|) +o
2
]
=(
2
+p +1) (o
2
- po +1)
But and o are the roots of
x
2
+qx +1 =0

2
+1=- q, o
2
+1 =- qo
R.H.S. =(p - q) (-qo - po)
=- o (p - q) (p +q)
=- 1 (p
2
q
2
) =q
2
p
2

Sol. 19. (c).
o +o
2
=- p/3, o.o
2
=o
3
=1
Now we know that e +e
2
=- 1, e
3
=1
Comparing, p =3,
Alt. Cubing the first relation, we get
o
3
+o
6
++ 3o . o
2
(o +o
2
) =(-p/3)
3

or 1 +1 +3 . 1 (-p\3) =- p
3
/27.
or p
3
27p +54 =0. Clearly p =3 satisfies it
(p - 3) (p
2
+3p - 18) =0
or (p - 3) (p - 3) (p +6) =0
or (p - 3)
2
(p - 6) =0
p =3, as p >0 p = 6 is rejected.
Sol. 20. (a).
o +| + =0, as coefficient of x
2
=0
y
o
1
x


6
o
3
+ |
3
+
3
=3o| =- 3b
o
2
+ |
2
+
2
=(Eo)
2
2 Eo|
=0 2a =- 2a
). (
2
3
2
3
2
3
a
a
b
a
b
=

=
o
o

Sol. 21. (b).
f(x) =px
3
+5x
2
qx +1
=(2x +1) Q +5 (1)
f ' (x) =3px
2
+10x q =
(3x - 1) Q ' +0 (2)
Putting x =1/2 in (1) and x =1/3 in (2), we
P 4q +22 =0 and p 3q +10 =0
Solving, p =26, q =12.
Sol. 22. (b).
Given o <|, c is ive and b =+ive.
o +| =- b =- ive , o| =c =- ive
o| =- ive one is +ive and
other ive.
Since o <|, we must have o is ive and | +
ive.
Again o +| <0 | <- o | < o
Sol. 23. (b).
The roots of the first equation are 1, 2. they will
be the roots of the second equation if a
2
1 =
0 i.e. a
2
+1 =0
This is not possible for any a e R
and 4 +(a
2
- 2) 2 2a
2
=0
Above is line a e R
Hence 2 is the only one common roots a e R.
Sol. 24.(d).
The sign of a quadratic [is same as of
coefficient of first term] i.e. 1 or +ive if its
discriminant is <0
4b
2
4c <0 or b
2
<c (d).
Sol. 25. (d).
Transfer 2 to L.H.S.
L.H.S. 2 >0
0
} 2 2 {
2 5 3
2
2
>
+
+
x x
x x
..(1)
or Now D
r
=- } 1 1 2 {
2
+ + x x
=- ive x = + } 1 ) 1 {(
2

Hence (1) will hold good if N
r
is also
ive i.e.
3
2
2
2
, 0 2 5 x x x x = < +
or ( x - 1) (3 x - 2) <0,

This is equivalent to two inequities

3
2
<x <1 or 1 <x <-
3
2

Sol. 26. (b).
X >3 for the given equation to hold good. The
given equation can be written as
2 log
) 3 log(
4 log
) 1 log(
=
x x
. Put log 4 =2log2
or log (x 1) =2log (x - 3)
=log(x - 3)
2

(x-3)
2
(x - 1) =0
or x
2
7x +10 =0
(x- 2) (x - 5) =0
x =2, 5
We reject x =2 as x >3. Hence x =5 is the
only solution.
Sol. 27. (a)
2 ) (log log
2
2
2
5 5
< + x x
or t
2
+t 2 <0, where t =log
5
x
or (t +2) (t-1) <0
- 2 <log
5
x <1or 5
-2
<x <5
x e ). ( 5 ,
25
1
a |
.
|

\
|

Sol. 28. (a).
By def., x
2
4x +5 >0
x a
x
a
=
log
x
2
4x +5 =x - 1
or x
2
5x 6 =0
x =2, 3 and for both values x
2
4x +5 is +
ive
Sol. 29. (a, b, c)
Choose t =log
2
x. and 64 =2
6

t
2
6t +11 =log
x
2
6

=6 log
x
2 =
t
6

or t
3
6t
2
+11t 6 =0
or t =log
2
x =1, 2, 3
x =2
1
, 2
2
, 2
3
Sol. 30. (a, b, c)
Put log
2
x =t x =2
t


x
t t log
4
5
4
3
2
= + \2
t
1
.
2
1
=
3t
2
+4t
2
5t 2 =0
or (t - 1) (t +2) (3t +1) =0
t =log
2
x =1, -2, 1/3
x =2,
3 / 1
2
1
.
4
1

Sol. 31. (d).
We consider two cases :
(i)x
2
x 6 <0 <or (x - 3)(x +2) <0


7
or [x (-2)][x - 3] <0 i.e.- 2 <x <3
(1)
In this case, the given equation reduces to
-(x
2
x 6 ) =x +2
or x
2
=4
which gives x = 2. So in this case x =2 is the
only root of the given equation which satisfies
(1)
(ii) x
2
x 6 > 0. ..(2)
In this case, we obtain the equation
x
2
x 6 =x +2 or x
2
2x 8 =0.
The roots of this equation are x =4, x =- 2.
Since both these values satisfy condition (2),
both 4 and 2 are the roots of the original
equation.
Hence the original equation has three roots :
-2, -2 and 4.
Sol. 32. (a).
We must have x +1 >0 , x 1 >0 and 4x 1
>0 or x>- 1, x >1 and x >
4
1
x
>1 satisfies all.
Squaring twice, we get 4x =5 i.e. , x =
1
4
5
> but this does not satisfy the given
equation as it leads to 1 =2.
When we square a given equation, extraneous
roots appear. Therefore we must verify whether
the roots found satisfy the original equation or
not.
Sol. 33. (d).
I and II x >0 (1)
II and III x
2
2x 16 <0
or x lies between 1 - 17
and 1 + 17 .(2)
x has to be an integer satisfying (1) and (2) and
clearly
x =1, 2, 3, 4, 5 i.e. 5 in number.
Sol. 34. (a, b, c)
(7 4 3) (7 +4 3) =49 48 =1
y +
y
1
=14 y
2
14 y +1 =0
y =7 4 3
3 4 7 ) 3 4 - (7
3 4
2
=
+ x x

or 7 +4
3 4 7
1
3

=
x
2
4x +3 =1 or -1
or x
2
4x +2 =0 or x
2
4x =4 =0
x =2 2 or x =2, 2
Sol. 35. (d).
L.H.S. =+ive being exponential.
R.H.S. =(x - 1)
odd
will be + ive if x >1 and in
that case 1 x =x 1.
Hence we can write the given equation as,

7
9 log 2
2
3
log
) 1 ( ) 1 ( =

x x
x
x

This gives log
3
x
2
2log
x
9 =7
Now if log
3
x =y, then equation reduces to
2y 4/ y =7 or 2y
2
7y 4 =0
or (y - 4) (2y +1) =0 y =4,
2
1

or log
3
x =4, -1/2 x =3
4
, 3
1/2
Since x >1, the value x =
) 3 (
1
is rejected.
x =81