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Lokeh ek/ouk 9

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lekuk visfr vkgs rs Eg.ts Cnkr jaxwu u tkrk R;kpk vZ igkok\ R;kuqlkj vkpj. djkos\ Eg.wu nklcksAkph Hk"k lkAh] ljG] ksMh [McMhrp vkgs\ i. R;krhy jl brdk xksM vkgs dh R;kr lgtp jaxwu tk;yk gksrs\ Jksrs iqlrh dks. xza gk Jksrk ok laokn vkgs\ lekP;kiq<s dks.hrjh Jksrs vlys ikfgtsr vkf. R;kauh lekuk ^u fopkjys vlkosr\ ;ss Lor# leZ ok vkgsr vkf. Jksrs vkgsr dY;k.Lokeh] m*oLokeh] vkkck ;kaP;klkj[h eaMGh\ oDR;kyk oDR;kps xq. vkf. JksR;kyk JksR;kps xq. vlrhy rj laokn gks.kj\ ;ss Jksrs r;kj vkgsr\ T;kauh mifu"ns] Hxonxhrk] iapnh vkfn xzakapk v;kl ysyk vkgs] ts fuR;usekus nksu pkj rkl ;kukyk clr vkgsr] T;kaph oDR;koj fuBk] ^se] J*k vkgs vls Jksrs vkgsr\ ok lkaxrks R;k^ek.s dj;kr vkiys dY;k. vkgs vls okVys ikfgts] rj rks Jksrk vkf. rks ok\ Jksrk ok ;kapk lqlaokn ikfgts\ Jksrk dnkfi nqfpr vlrk dkek u;s\ leZ Eg.rkr % fo"b yksd Jo. ;srh rs ck;dkadMsp ikgkrh pksjVs yksd pksu tkrh iknjk nk\ 181026 ,dnk ,dk fBdk.h ek>s nklcksAkoj ^opu gksrs\ vkEgh vkeph ikn(k.s [kyh Bsowu R;kpk fck toG Bsoyk gksrk\ ^opu laiowu vkEgh [kyh vkyks rks ikn(k.s ukghr\ fck vkeP;k gkrkr\ Eg.ts gh vksoh eh ^opukr lkafxryh rh pksjkus mpyyh\ cgqrsd pksjkyk okVys vlkos dh gs ^opudkj lu fnlrkr\ ;kaP;k ikn(k.kaps vigj. Y;kus vkiys dY;k. gksy\ Eg.wu R;kus rh usyh vlkohr\ Eg.ts gk Jksrk rss dkdjrk vkyk gksrk= pkaxyk Jksrk gks.s gh ijekkZrhy ifgyh egokph xksV vkgs\ rqEgh loZ me Jksrs vkgkr gs x`ghr vkgs\ ok ,dosG rso<k pkaxyk ulyk rjh pkysy\ i. Jksrk me ikfgts\ dk; cjkscj dk; pwd gs R;kyk dGys ikfgts\ R;kyk kL(kps v;;u ?Mysys ikfgts\ osnkUr] ;ksxkL(] lka;kL(] ^friq:" fopkj] ;ksxke;s dk; lkeF;Z
Lokeh ek/ouk 11

vkgs] ;ksxk;kl dkdjrk djk;pk gs lxGs JksR;kyk ekfgrh ikfgts\ osnkUrkps ^WfDVdy % ^kR;fd Eg.ts ;ksx\ osnkUrkus lkafxrys] tho czip vkgs\ gk cksA Ogk;yk gok vlsy rj R;k cksAkP;k vkM ;s.kjs eu mUeu djk;yk ikfgts\ R;klkBh nh?Zdky] fujarj v;kl djk;yk ikfgts\ l rq nh?ZdkyuSjUr;ZlRdkjklsforks <Hwfe# ;ksxlw(s thokyk LoicksA Ogk;yk ikfgts vlsy rj vkM ;s.kjs eu kar djk;yk ikfgts\ eukr ukuk fordZ ;sr vlrhy rj rs lrrdkZus cktwyk lkjys ikfgtsr\ ck.kyk ck.kusp Nsn |k;pk\ fordZckAus ^friHkoue ;ksxlw(s ;ku djk;yk ykxys dh vusd xksVh vkM ;srkr\ O;kfALR;kula; ^eknkyL;kfojfrHzkfUrnZukyCA HwfedRokuofLrRokfu fpfosikLrsUrjk;k# ;ksxlw(s O;kfA] LR;ku] la;] ^ekn] vkyL;] vfojfr] HzkafrnZu] vyCAHwfedRo vkf. vuofLrRo vls gs u varjk; Eg.ts ;ksxekxkZrhy fous vkgsr\ gs loZ R;k lkAdkykJksR;kyk ekfgrh ikfgtsr\ osnkUr ekfgrh >kyk dh vki. iw.Z >kyks vls ulwu ;ksxlw(ka^ek.s rks dkgh lkAuk djr vlsy rjp ;k ujtUeke;s R;kyk iw.ZRo ;s;kpk laHo vkgs\ ;klkBh R;kpk v;klp djk;yk ikfgts\ Eg.wu v;kl ysys Jksrs leksj vlys ikfgtsr\ R;kpcjkscj R;kaP;ktoG Hko] J*k ikfgts\ oLrqr# Hxoarkauh EgVys vkgs] J*ke;ks;a iq:"# i. tj Hko] J*k ulsy] lar lkaxrkr R;koj fookl ulsy rj dBh. vkgs\ dkj. ijekRek gk '; Loikr ukgh\ nsokps Loi lkaxr vlrkuk lekuh pkj ^dkjps nso ekuys vkgsr\ 1 ukuk ^frek % cgqrsdkapk naMd ^frek iwtukr vlrks\ 2 vorkj efgek % jke . vkfn vorkjh iq:"kaP;k fBdk.h Hko vlrks\ 3 varjkRek 4 fufoZdkjh % tks loZ( O;kiwu vkgs] i. O;kiwu vkgs vlsgh Eg.rk ;sr ukgh\ dkj. O;kI;] O;kid vls ulwu rksp rj loZ( vkgs\ rksp ijekRek] ijcz] fufoZdkjh] v;] vuar
12 leZisp opu

vlwu rss HhP;k vaxkus vkiY;kyk tk;ps vkgs\ R;klkBh Hko] J*k] fuBk ikfgts\ Jksrs fopkjrkr dks. xza leZ Eg.rkr] xzak uke nklcksA Jksrs r;kj rlk ok r;kj ikfgts\ ok r;kj i. Jksrs vufAdkjh vlrhy rj me cht ijh leaA [Mdfl ifMyk [Mdkoj iMysys cht qdV tkrs\ rls lnxq: r;kj i. f; r;kj ulsy rj mi;ksxh ukgh\ R;kmyV f; vfAdkjh vkgs i. lnxq: ea(ra( lkaxrks] rjh pky.kj ukgh\ Eg.wu lnxq: vkf. lrf; ,d( vkys rj R;kapk laokn vk xzaikus txkyk rkjrks\ lnxq: vkf. f; ,di >kysys] ,dkp cksAkP;k ikrGhoj tj vlrhy] tls leZdY;k.] fuo`fukKkunso] oflBjkepa vls vlrhy rj lnxq: opu dkukoj iMY;kcjkscj f; ehp rs vkgs vga czkfLe Eg.wu cksA ?su mBrks\ dkukopukfp;s HsVh % lfjlkfp iS fdjhVh oLrq gksfu mBh dof. ,dq tks Kk\ 18991 vlk f;] vlk xq:] vlk Jksrk] vlk ok tj vlsy rj R;kaP;ke;s lqanj laokn ?Mrks\ Jksrs iqlrh dks. xza\ ok lkaxrks% xzak uke nklcksA xq:f;kapk laokn ;s cksfyyk fon HfekxZ ujnsgkps lkZd dj;klkBh Eg.wu vko';d rh Hf ^R;sdkus djkoh gh lekph bPNk\ Hfpsu ;ksx nso fup; ikorh ekuo ,slk vkgs vfH^ko ;s xza nk\ 114 Hhus nsok^r fufpri.s tkrk ;srs vls leZ Eg.rkr\ nsok^r tk;ps Eg.ts djk;ps dk;= nso vksG[k;pk dlk= nsokph y.s dk;= euq; dks.kyk Eg.k;ps= tks djrks vkf. pqdrks rks euq;\ tks djrks i. pqdr ukgh rks nso vkf. tks djrgh ukgh vkf. pqdrgh ukgh] i. ukgh Eg.;kph lks; ukgh rs cz\ tks l`Vhph jgkVh djrks] i. pqdr ukgh\ lw;Z pa BjY;kosGh mxo.kj u|k rkp okg.kj Mkxj rlsp jkg.kj\
Lokeh ek/ouk 13

ijesojkus th }Srikph l`Vh fuekZ. yh] rh ijekkZyk fojksAh ukgh\ thokus ysyh l`Vh ijekkZyk fojksAh vkgs\ euksdfYir l`Vh ijekRE;kP;k vkM ;srs vkgs\ nsokh ,di gksrkuk gh }Srih l`Vh vkM ;srs\ Eg.wu Hhus nsok^r tkrk ;srs vls leZ Eg.rkr\ R;k Hhps y. dk;= nso dkyk Eg.k;ps= nso gk loZK] loZ drkZ] vuar vkgs vls letys tkrs\ oLrqr# nso dkghp djr ukgh\ R;kP;kiklwu ts fuekZ. >kys rs R;kP;kiklwu osxGs dk<rk ;sr ukgh\ dkj. ts ts fuekZ. >kys R;k loke;s rks vuqL;wr vkgs\ ,dksga cgqL;ke ^tk;S; bfr eh ,d vkgs rks vusd ikauh uVkos vls R;kyk okVys\ R;k^ek.s fofoA ikauh rks uVyk] fofoA LoHkokauh] vkdkjkauh rks uVyk rjh rks ,dp vkgs\ R;kP;ke;s dkgh cny >kysyk ukgh\ lqV nqV ek.lkrgh rksp ,d vkgs] vlk cksA v[aM jgk.s gs nsokyk feG.s vkgs\ nklcksAkr vk.[h c;kp xksVh lkafxrY;k vkgsr\ cz Eg.ts dk;= lnxqaph y.s] f;kph y.s] c* eqeqq lkAd fl*] czkaMkph mHkj.h o lagkj.h] thoukyk vko';d vl.kjs] nsg eu cq*hyk vko';d vl.kjs] lxGs nklcksAkr vkysys vkgs\ u Hwrks u Hfo;fr vlk gk xza vkgs\ pkGhl o"kgwu vfAd dkG gk xza ek;k gkrkr vlwu R;kpk daVkGk vkyk vls eyk dAh >kys ukgh\ nklcksA Eg.ts nklkyk >kysyk cksA dok nklkauh txklkBh [qyk ysyk cksA\ Jksrs iqlrh dks. xza dk; cksfyy th ;s Jo. fy;ku ^kIr dk; vkgs nk\ 111 vkrka Jo. fy;kp G f;k ikyVs rRdkG rqVs la;kp ewG ;sdljka nk\ 1128 dkgh lkAuk djk;yk udks\ Jo.kps G rkcMrksc feGrs\ var#dj. ikyVwu tkrs\ dks.R;k xzakus vls G lkafxrys vkgs= ekxZ lkaiMs lqxe u yxs lkAu nqxZe lk;ksT;eqhp oeZ Bkb iMs nk\ 1129
14 leZisp opu

;k xzakP;k Jo.kus lk;qT;eqf feGrs\ R;klkBh dkgh lk;kl djkos ykxr ukghr\ vj;kr tku mxz rip;kZ dj;kpsgh dkj. ukgh\ leZ Eg.rkr] nklcksA xzakps tks Jo.] okpu] euu djsy R;kyk lk;qT;eqf feGsy\ lk;qT;eqf Eg.ts= vkRefuosnukps var ts dka ?Myh vHsnHh r;s ukao lk;ksT;eqf lR; tk.koh nk\ 8819 vkRefuosnukP;k soVh th vHsnHf ?Mrs rh lk;qT;eqf\ rh lR; tk.koh\ vkRefuosnu Eg.ts= vkRefuosnukp y. vkA ikgko eh dks. ex ijekRek fuxqZ. rks oksG[kok nk\ 8813 eh vkf. ijekRek ,dp vkgs gs vkRefuosnukps y. vkgs\ eh tho R;k ijekRE;kiklwu fHUu ukgh\ eh nsgeucq*hps Eg.ts ,dw. lalkjkps vks>s mxhpp MksD;koj ?srysys vkgs\ rs vks>s tj eh Vkdys] eh tho et caAu et vkgs tUeej. vls ts ladYifodYi vkgsr rs tj eh lksMys rj tho ijekRekp vkgs ijekRekfp ifj funlqjk vls Kkuksck Eg.rkr\ eh tho vkgs] eyk caAu vkgs] eyk tUee`R;q vkgs] ;k loZ pqdhP;k dYiuk tj thokus lksMY;k rj thok czRo vkgs ladYi yksih eh nsg gk ladYi VkdY;kcjkscj tho czp gksrks gs ;ss lkafxrys vkgs\ vkRefuosnu >kY;kcjkscj th LokHkfod rh gksr vlrs] R;kyk Hf vls Eg.rkr\ ex rks cksysy vok cksy.kj ukgh] ^opu djsy vok dj.kj ukgh] rks rhZ;k(syk tky vok tk.kj ukgh\ ex rks xsyk vok ukgh xsyk rjh rh ;k(kp\ vk ^dkjs lgt ts gksrs rh Hf\ leZ Eg.rkr] vkReLoikiklwu dAhgh foH ul.s Eg.ts Hf\ vkiY;k thoukps lkZd dkus gksrs rs nklcksA xzakr lkafxrys vkgs\ ukuk erkapk fup;] ukuk lansgkaps fujkdj.] LoicksA] LoifLrh Eg.ts dk;] lar dq.kyk Eg.k;ps rs lkafxrys\ lnk LoikuqlaAku g eq; lkAwp y. tu vlksu vki. tukosxGk nk\ 899
Lokeh ek/ouk 15

ck lkAdkps ijh vkf. Loikdkj varj lrf;kph y.s rj vxnh LiVi.s lkafxryh vkgsr\ eq; lfPN;kps y. lnxq:opu fookl iw.Z vuU;Hko j. R;k ukao lfPN; nk\ 5319 f; ikfgts lksih fos" f; ikfgts ijen f; ikfgts vy yh ,slk nk\ 5322 ykxrka lnxq:opuia tky czkaM iky rjh t;kP;k q* Hkoks ikyV u Afjts nk\ 5351 vlk f; ikfgts\ rks fueZG] vkpkjhy] foj] vfr mnkj] ijekZfo";h vfr rRij] ijksidkjh] fueZRljh] ije lkoA] ^Kkoar] ^seG] H] ;qfoar] cqf*oar] <ozrh vlk ukuk xq.kauh ;q ikfgts\ nklcksA xzakr f;kph th y.s lkafxryh rh brj( dksBs vk<Gr ukghr\ lnxq: vksG[k;ps dls ;klacaAhgh ekxZnZu ;k xzakr vkgs\ eq; lnxqp y. vkA ikfgts foeG Kku fup;kp lekAku LoifLrh nk\ 5245 ;kfgojh oSjkX; ^cG o`f mnkl oG fos" vkpkj fueZG LoAeZfo"b nk\ 5246 varj q* czKku ck fuBsp Htu rs cgq H tu foJkafr ikorh nk\ 5250 Eg.ksfu Kku oSjkX; vkf. Htu LoAeZdeZ vkf. lkAu dk fui. Jo. euu uhfr U;k;s e;kZnk nk\ 5252 ;keA ;sd m. vls rs. rs foy. fnls Eg.kSu loZfg foyls lnxq:ikl nk\ 5253 vls lnxq: vkf. f; ;kaP;keAhy laokn Eg.ts nklcksA xza\ vkiys thou ly] mqax dj;kpk ekxZ % xq ijekZ rks lxGk ;kr lkafxryk vkgs vkf. gk nklcksA xza Jo. dj;kps G lk;qT;eqf gs lkafxrys vkgs\ uofoAkHf ;kr lkafxryh vkgs\ Jo.a dhrZua fo.ks# Lej.a iknlsoue vkf. R;k ^R;sdkph y.s lkafxryh vkgsr\
16 leZisp opu

,sl g vo?fp ,sdko ijarq lkj ksAwu ;ko vlkj rs tk.ksfu R;kxko ;k ukao Jo.Hf nk\ 4129 lxq.dk ;k ukao dhrZu v}Sr Egf.ts fui. lxq. jwu fuxqZ. cksyr tko nk\ 4223
uke Lejs fujarj r tk.ko iq;jhj

ekgknks"kaps fxfjoj jkeuke uklrh nk\ 4322

iknlsou rfp tk.ko dk;kokpkeuksHko

lnxqps ik; lsokos lnxfrdkj. nk\ 442 dk;k okpk vkf. eu fp fo tho ^k. lko HxoarvkpZu ;k ukao vkpZuHh nk\ 4529 ts fnlrh fos" xq. r lnxqp vfABku ;kdkj. r;klh ueu vR;knj djko nk\ 469 lkro Htu r nkL; tk.ko ifMy dk;Z frrqd djko lnk lfUuAfp vlko nso}kj nk\ 472 nsokl t;kph vR;ar ^hrh vki. orkZo rs. jhr ;s. dfjrka Hxoar l; ?Ms useLr nk\ 483 nsokP;k l;RoklkB iMkO;k ftoyxkalh rqVh loZ vikZo lsoV ^k. rksfg ospkok nk\ 488 uoeh Hh vkRefuosnu u gksrka u pq tUeej. g opu lR; ^ek. % vU;k uOgs vkRefuosnu tksi;r >kysys ukgh rksi;r thofokps ,sD; ukgh\ vkRefuosnu Eg.ts lksga\ eh dks.] ijekRek dks. rs vksG[k;ps vkf. nksUgh vuU; dls vkgs rs igk;ps] gs vkRefuosnu\ ijekkZr xw< dkgh ukgh] loZ ^xV vkgs\ i. ^xVp xqIr >kys vkgs] R;kyk dk; dj.kj= vkeP;k ijekkZcyP;k dkgh fofp( dYiuk vkgsr\ eqyhps yXu Bjys] dok eqyxk ikl >kyk Eg.wu lR;ukjk;.\ oLrqr# ;k xksVpk ijLij dk; lacaA v;kl yk rj eqyxk ikl gksy\ Hf Eg.ts vHsn Htu\ rs gks;klkBh ^e nso vkf. H vls gksu nsokph iwtkvpkZ djkoh ykxrs\ vh osxGsi.kus Hf
Lokeh ek/ouk 17

djr vlrk iwtk ?srkrh ^frek vkaxk ;srks varjkRek vls gksu tkrs\ rksp eh vkgs ;k cksAkr euq; ;srks\ R;kyk iw.Z cksA gksrks\ vkr vkRE;kpk ^dk vkf. R;k ^dkkr lkjh deZs vls R;k O;hps thou fu#LokhZ] fudke] vkuani gksu tkrs\ ts larkauk] Hxornxhrsyk vfH^sr vkgs vls R;kps thou gksrs\ gk Hhpk efgek vkgs\ vHsn Htu ,dne gks dr ukgh\ vHsn Htukpk gfj[ nso H >kys ,d dksBs u iqjs Hsnok.h vo?h cqMkyh dgk.h gkjiys nsoHi. tuh tkgyk tuknZu ,dk tuknZuh nso iq<s mHk Lo;eso gs vHsn Htu vkgs\ rqt et ,slh ijh tSlk rjax lkxjh gk vHsn vkgs\ ijekRek lfnkuan rlk ehgh lfnkuan\ ;k cksAkP;k vkM ;s.kjs eu mUeu du . nksu . fpnkdkkr yhu du Bso.s\ v[aM uketi dj.s] v[aM iwtkvpkZ] ;kuAkj.k dj.s] lokh usgeh xksM cksy.s\ leZ Eg.rkr % vki.kl fpeksVk ?sryk rs. dklkfol tkyk vki.kou nql;kyk jk[r tko nk\ 121024 txkeA txfe( ftsikl vkgs lw( vkiY;k cksy;kou gk euq; Hyk vkgs vls rjh yksdkauk okVkos\ eksdGs eu jlkG ok.h ikfgts\ tho gk foip vkgs vlk cksA vlsy rj vkiY;k LokHkfod dekuh Hf gksr vlrs\ R;klkBh Hxoar Eg.rkr % ;Rdjksf" ;nukfl ;qgksf" nnkfl ;r ;iL;fl dkSUrs; rRdq:o eniZ.e H\ xhrk 927 ts ts rw djhy rs ehp Eg.ts Hxoarkauhp ys vkgs vls Eg.\ rw osxGsi.kus dkgh ysl vls cksyw udksl] letw udksl\ eh drkZ ,sl Eg.lh rs. rw dVh gkslh jke drkZ Eg.rka ikolh ;s dhrhZ ^rki nk\ 6736 jke drkZ vkgs\ eh dks.h ukgh\ lxGs jkekpsp vkgs\ eh R;kP;kh
18 leZisp opu

,di vkgs\ R;kP;k pj.kpk nkl vkgs\ vh nklksga iklwu lksga i;rph okVpky djk;ph vkgs\ gks dka rjaxq ygkuq ijh lAwlh ukg fHUuq rSlk oj eh vkuq uksgsfp xk Kk\ 14386 ,slsfu ck lejl fV ts mYgkls rs Hf i ,sls vkEgh Eg.k Kk\ 14387 tlk rjax ygku ijarq lAwlh vfHUu vkgs rlk tho tjh ygku vlyk rjh R;k ijekRE;kh ,di vkgs\ gk cksA tks brj xzakrwu vkgs rksp nklcksAkr vkgs\ rks cksA tj vkiY;ke;s eqjk;yk ykxyk rj lekuk vfr; vkuan gksy\ gh vkuanHweh vkgs\ ;k vkuanHwehr fopj.kjh ek.lsns[hy iw.Z vkuani ikfgtsr\ dlys nq#[ osnkUrkL(kP;k Vhus vkuan gkp [jk\ nq#[ gs [ksVs vkgs\ lq[nq#[ gs lkfHkL; vkgs\ vki. oLrqr# vkuani vkgksr\ vkuank*;so [fYoekfu Hwrkfu tk;Urs vkuUnsu tkrkfu thofUr vkuUna ^R;UR;fHlafoUrhfr Eg.wu nsokyk Hhus ikok;ps\ Hfpsu ;ksxs nso fup; ikorh ekuo iwtk] ukeLej.] ;ku gs lxGs R;k Hhe;s vkys\ vki. ckjk rkl dkgh ;kukyk clw dr ukgh\ Eg.wu loZ ^dkjph lkAuk djkoh\ vki. th lkAuk djrks R;kpk ifj.ke vkiY;k okx;kcksy;krwu fnlyk ikfgts\ ,[knk euq; czfon >kyk gs dkou letk;ps= czps folo.ojh mUes[ ykgs mtjh t okpsr b; djh lqAklAq Kk\ 1510 ifgyk ifj.ke okpsoj gksrks\ okpk lqAklAq gksrs\ ftke eAqeek vh ftk eAqee gksoks\ fdrh yksdkaph ok.h eAqee vlrs dkj. ijekZ eqjrp ukgh\ ijekZ tltlk eqjsy] tlth lkAusr ^xrh gksy rlrlk ifgyk ifj.ke ftHsoj gksy\ lw;sZ vfAfByh ^kph txk jk.ho ns ^dkkph rSlh okpk Jksr;ka Kkukph fnokGh djh Kk\ 1512 ukncz [qts dSoY;gh rSl u lts
Lokeh ek/ouk 19

,slk cksyq nsf[ts ts. nSo Kk\ 1513 Jo.lq[kP;k ekaMo foo Hksxh ekAo rSlh lkflUuyh ojoh okpkoh Kk\ 1514 Bkoks u iork t;kpk eulh eqjMyh okpk rks nsoks gks; Cnkpk peRdk: Kk\ 1515 larkaph okpk igkoh\ dAh dBksj Cn ukgh\ vki. R;kaps f; Eg.orks] ex vkiyh okpk dBksj dk= ukeLej. pkyw vlsy rj ok.h dnkfi dBksj gks.kj ukgh\ dBksj cksy.s gk xqUgk vkgs\ dks.kyk vki. cksyrks vkf. cksy.kjk dks.= ^R;sdt. tj Hxoni vkgs rj vki. dks.kyk dBksj cksy.kj= dks.hgh ;soks vkiys okx.s fouez] Hk". e`nq ikfgts\ T;kph lkAuk fl* >kyh R;kyk gs lgt vkgs\ leZ Eg.rkr] gs lxGs eh nklcksAkr lkafxrys vkgs\ vlk gk vxkA] vikj xza vki. ^R;gh okpr vkgkr\ R;kps euu djr vkgkr\ ?klkekx ?kl ?sryk vkodk ukg pkok;yk vls vkiys gksr ukgh\ vki. Jo.kuarj euu djr vlY;kus vkiksvkip vkiY;k ykr ;srs dh nso H ,dip vkgsr\ gkp nklcksA xzakpk vkf. brj loZ xzakapk vfH^k; vkgs\ H tj nsop vlsy rj nso tls okxrkr rls Hkus okxys ikfgts\ gs lkaxk;yk udks\ jkepa dls gksrs= vR;ar ikGw] n;kGw] ije ^seG] drZO;fuB] ,dopuh vls loZxq.laiUu gksrs\ eukr ,d] ok.hr nqljs] vkf. dk;kZr frljs vls uOgrs\ cksy;klkfj[ pky. Lo; du cksy. r;kp opu ^ek. ekfurh tu nk\ 121039 vh ksj ksj eaMGh jkepa] leZ] JhAjLokeh gs vkiY;kiq<s pkyys vkgsr\ R;kaP;kekxwu tkrk tkrk R;kaph th inAwyh vkgs rh lgtp vkiY;koj mMr vl.kj\ R;k Awyhus vki. ifo( gks ;k\ rr lr t; t; j?qohj leZ
20 leZisp opu

2\

vkA v;kReJo. ex lnxq:iknlsou iq< vkRefuosnu lnxq:^lkn

[Lokeh
nk\ 6240 ek/ouk ;kaps vkuankJe] iq.s ;shy ^opu]

vkt eksBk vkuankpk fnol vkgs\ lacaA egkjkV_Hj Jhlekpk f(rkfCn egksRlo vki. lktjk djhr vkgksr\ nklcksAkpk lgkok nd] nqljk lekl % czikouuke lekl R;krhy gh vksoh vki. ;ss lsoslkBh ?sryh vkgs\ nklcksA gk vR;ar thouLihZ xza vkgs\ lkAdkyk ts dk; ikfgts rs use lekuh nklcksAkr lkafxrys vkgs\ nklcksA] Kkusojh nksUghe;s fo"; ,dp vkgs\ ijarq Kkusojh dG.s dBh.\ R;krhy Cnns[hy dG.s dBh.\ R;keqGs Kkusojh xza vkiY;kyk dGyk vls Eg.;kph dq.hph Nkrh gksr ukgh\ rlk dks.rkp xza iw.Zi.s dGyk vls Eg.rk ;sr ukgh\ ex Kkusojh dG.s rj dBh.p\ dkgh vksO;k ikfgY;k dh ykr ;sy\ frUgh voLkapsfu }kjs mik;qifgrkdkjs HkokHkoi Lqjs '; t g Kk\ 181186 r g vk?osfp eh Vk ,sfl;k cksAkpk ekftoVk vuqHokpk lqHVk AMk rks ukps Kk\ 181187 t;k lksgaHko gk vVdq eks lq[kykxksfu jadq r;kfp;s fnBhpk >. dGadq ykxsy rqf>;k ^sek Kk\ 6115 Kkusoj egkjktkauh gs fdrh map map usysys vkgs igk\ fufxts iwohZfy;k eksgjk d ;sbts ifpesfp;k ?jk dkgh Kkusojhr ;k vksohpk vZ vlk fnysyk vkgs dh iwosZdMwu fu?k;ps vkf. ifpesdMs ;k;ps\ gh ;ksxkph vksoh vkgs\ ;ksxkph ^f;k tj ekfgrh ulsy rj ;kpk vZ dk; lkax.kj= Eg.wu Kkusojh vo?M vkgs\ i. ts Kkusojhr vkgs rsp lekuh nklcksAkr lksI;k Cnkr lkafxrys vkgs\ ts pgwadMs tGr o.ok rswfu u fufxts o ikaMok
Lokeh ek/ouk 21

rso yksdka ;sfu lksioka o u Hftts ekr Kk\ 9492 vls Kkusoj egkjkt Eg.rkr] rj leZ Eg.rkr % vXu x`gklh ykxyk vkf. lkodk futsyk rks dSlk Eg.kok Hyk vkRegR;kjk nk\ 1137 nks?kaps lkax.s ,dp\ dk; jd vkgs= v;kRekL( vkfnvarh ,dp vkgs\ ts Kkuksckauh] ukkauh lkafxrys rsp rqdksckauh lkafxrys\ mifu"ns] Hxonxhrk ;kauhgh rsp lkafxrys\ v;kRekL(kfo";h Kkusojhr osxGs nklcksAkr osxGs vls ukgh\ nksUgh xza ,dp lkaxrkr\ xsyh rhl pkGhl o"sZ eh ;k nksUgh xzakapk v;kl Y;koj gs lkaxrks vkgs\ dcgquk nklcksAkps oSfV gs dh gk xq:f;kpk laokn vlY;keqGs vkf. cgqrsd f; lkekU; ikrGhoj vlY;keqGs R;kauh ts ^u fopkjys rls leZ cksyys\ fnol dlk ?kyokok= dk; djkos= okxkos dls= txkeAs txfe( ftsikl vkgs lw( thH lkaHkGkoh\ vki. xksM cksyyks rj loZ txkr vkiY;kyk fe( feGrhy\ dMw cksyyks rj (qRo ok<sy\ lk;k okV.k;k xksVh i. lekuh eqke lkafxrY;k\ lksga vkRek Lokuan?u vtUek rks rwafp tk. gfp lkAwp opu l< Ajko nk\ 8833 ,sd f;k ;shp oeZ Lo; rwafp vkgsfl cz ;s fo"b lansg Hze Aafp udks nk\ 5645 ;si;r lkafxrys\ Eg.ts vxnh lkekU; O;kogkfjd xksViklwu rs ijekkZrhy mre xksVhi;r % lksga cksAki;r lekuh vkiY;k gkrkyk Au eqykP;k pkyhus pkyfoys vkgs\ lekps thoukdMs Vh Vkdyh rj b\ l\ 1430 r R;kapk tUe >kyk\ ckjkos o"hZ yXu lekjaHkrwu rs fu?wu xsys\ iq<s ckjk o"sZ R;kauh iqjpj. ys\ R;kuarj ckjk o"sZ R;kauh rhkZVu ys\ nskph vour fLrh R;kauh ikfgyh\ R;kauk vR;ar [sn okVyk\ ifj(k.k; lkAwuka foukk; p nqrke ;klkBh Hxoarkapk] larkapk tUe vlrks\
22 leZisp opu

lekps dk;Z rsp gksrs\ Hkjrkps eukyk O;fr dj.kjs fp( ikgwu R;kauh fopkj lq yk\ gs fp( ikyV;klkBh ,d f mHh dj;kps R;kauh Bjoys\ fokth jktkaP;k ikus f mHh jkfgyh\ R;kyk lekP;k ;qhph tksM feGkyh vkf. Hkjr iqUgk mHk jkfgyk\ ererkapk xYcyk dks.h iqlsuk dks.kyk vh ifjfLrh R;kosGsyk gksrh\ vk ifjfLrhr gk nklcksA xza fyfgysyk vkgs\ ;kr ts lkaxk;ps gksrs rs lqLiV lkafxrys vkgs\ Cnkaph dljr ukgh\ nklcksAkr jksdMk ijekZ vkgs\ ckdh jktdkj.] lektdkj. lxGk xksVh vkgsr\ i. R;k xkS.Rokus vkgsr\ R;k R;k ifjfLrhyk ;ksX; vk i*rhus loZ lkafxrys vkgs\ vkrk rhp ifjfLrh jkfgysyh ukgh\ ksMh osxGh >kyh vkgs\ ifjfLrh dhgh vlks R;k ifjfLrhyk rkM ns;klkBh ek.wl r;kj ikfgts\ vlk lokxkus me ek.wl dlk r;kj djrk ;sy gs lekuh lkafxrys\ ;k rgsus lekpk nklcksA gk vkiY;k mi;ksxkpk vkgs\ dkj. loZdkGh] loZLGh rks ek.wl fuekZ. dj;kps dk;Z nklcksAkus ys\ vkiY;kyk letsy vk i*rhus nklcksA fyfgyk xsyk vkgs\ eq; gfjdk fui. nqlj rs jktdkj. frlj r lkoAi. loZfo"b nk\ 1154 gfjdk fui. gs eq;\ v;kRekP;k] ijekkZP;k ik;koj jktdkj.] lektdkj. loZ dkgh Ogkos gh lekph] loZ larkaph bPNk vkgs\ lalkj Vkdwu uOgs rj lalkj dup ijekZ djkok vh R;kaph vkKk vkgs\ Kkunsokaps pfj( ukensokaP;keqGs vkiY;k gkrkr vkys\ lekuh Lor# pfj( fyfgys ukgh vkf. brjkauh R;kaps pfj( fyfgys rs aHj o"kZuarj\ rsOgk nklcksA gsp R;kaps pfj(\ lekuh Lor# rlsp EgVys vkgs\ vkRekjke nklcksA ek> Loi Lor#fl* vlrka u djkok gks [sn Htu Lor#fl* ts Loi rsp vkRekjke] nklcksA vkgs\ vkiY;k var#dj.kr vlysyk tks cksA % LoicksA rksp |k;yk gs nksUgh xza
Lokeh ek/ouk 23

dfVc* vkgsr\ 1644 eAs leZ .k [ks;kr vkys vkf. ex yksdkauk lkaxk;yk ykxys % nsokP;k l;RoklkBh iMkO;k ftoyxkalh rqVh loZ vikZo lsoV % ^k. rksfg ospkok nk\ 488 nso Egf.ts vkiqyk ^k. ^k.klh u djko fuokZ. ^R;;s cksyksu mBksu xsyk pVd ykxyh yksdkayk ukuk ekxZ lkaMwu R;kyk % j. ;srh nk\ 15219 ijh rks dksBs vkMGsuk dks. LG lkaiMsuk os" ikgkrka ghunhuk % lkfj[k fnls nk\ 15220 mnaM djh xqIri fHdk;klkfj[k Loi rs ;sdhfrZ^rkis lhek lkafMyh nk\ 15221 gs lxGs lekps pfj(p vkgs\ cksy;klkfj[ pky. Lo; du cksy. r;kph opu ^ek. ekfurh tu nk\ 121039 vkAh R;kauh ys vkf. ex rs cksyys\ vh ^ek.Hwr sdMks opus lekP;k ok.hrwu ^xV >kyh vkgsr\ R;kiSdhp ,d opu vkt vki. lekP;k lsoslkBh ?srys vkgs\ ;ss ,d O;f dks.h eksBh ulwu vki. ,desd tewu lekuk letwu ?srks vkgksr\ lekuk dk; lkaxk;ps vkgs use rs vki. letwu ?sr vkgksr\ jktdkj.] lektdkj. loZ xksVh v;kRekP;k ik;koj Ogk;yk ikfgtsr\ ijarq vkt jktdkj.] lektdkj. fc?Mr pkyysys fnlrs\ R;kps dkj. gk v;kRekpk ik;kp ukghlk >kyk vkgs\ vkt gnq AekZfo";h vukLk ok<rs vkgs\ ;kps dkj. gk ik;kp xsyk vkgs\ Hxonxhrk] Kkusojh] nklcksA ;krhy fdo. yksd foljys vkgsr\ leZ Eg.rkr] T;kyk ^iap AM djrk ;sr ukgh R;kP;kus ijekZ dk; gks.kj= ^iaph tks lkoAku rks ijekZ djhy tk. ^iaph tks v^ek. rks ijekhZ [ksVk nk\ 1219
24 leZisp opu

;kisk larkauh dk;] fdrh vkf. dls lkaxkos Eg.ts vkEgkyk dGsy= ^iap vkf. ijekZ nksUghr jd ukgh\ dcgquk ijekZ fl* >kyk dh ex loZ ^iapp ijekZi gksrks vls larkaps Eg..s vkgs\ t;ka ,sfgd AM ukg r;kap ij( iqllh dk T;kpk ^iap AM ukgh R;k djaVkyk ijekZ dlk gks.kj= ^iap lkaMwu ijekZ yk rjh vUu feGsuk [k;kyk ex r;k djaVkyk ijekZ dpk nk\ 1213 gh lekph opus vkgsr\ vkiys thou me Ogk;yk gos vlsy] vkiY;k thoukyk maph feGk;yk goh vlsy rj vki.kyk dlsrjh thou ?kyowu pky.kj ukgh\ Ogkrjh mBk;ps] dlsrjh dke djk;ps] dkghrjh [k;ps] ^R;sd xksVhpk daVkGk gs cjkscj ukgh\ vkaxvkax eksMkeksMh dk;Ztkr vukoMh uqlrh ijoMh tkaH;kaph Kk\ 14180 ts thou dks.hgh txw u;s vh larkaph % fos"r# lekph bPNk gksrh rls thou yksd txrkuk ikgwu lekuk dk; okVr vlsy= leZ nksUgh xksVh ,dne lkaxrkr\ ^iap vkf. ijekZ\ ^iapkrwu ksMk osG dk<wu ,dkUrkr kar clk;yk leZ lkaxrkr\ t;kl ;sdkar ekuyk vo;k vkA dGs R;kyk ;sdkar mxp cSlko rs g letksu ikgko v[aM ;ko lkaMko ^Hatuklh nk\ 1756 ;sdkarh ekSu Au cSls lkoA ikgkrka dSl Hkls lksga lksga ,sls Cn gksrh nk\ 1759 rs Cn lkaMwu cSlyk rs dks. Cn tkyk lksga ,slk Hklyk var;kZeh nk\ 17510 fdrh lqLiV fooj. vkgs= lekP;k loZ oke;kr dksBsgh vls vk<Gr ukgh dh ;k egkiq:"kus dkgh gkrps jk[wu Bsoys vkgs\ lxGs R;kauh eksdGs ys vkgs\ ;k js ;k js ygku ksj ;kfr Hyrh ukjhuj rqEgh ;k\ eh rqEgkyk nsrks rs rqEgh ;k\ lekuk yksdkafo";h [wi
Lokeh ek/ouk 25

rGeG gksrh\ HkjrHze. du vkY;koj rs Eg.w ykxys\ eh vkrk ek;k Vhus iw.Z vkgs\ dks. ;sy R;kyk eq djk;yk eh leZ vkgs\ i. dks.h ;sy rsOgk uk dks.h vkysp ukgh rj dk; dj.kj= vkiY;k o;kP;k ikapO;k o"hZ prk dfjrks fookph vls Eg..kjk gk egkiq:"\ tsOgk R;kauh egkjkV_krhy] Hkjrkrhy n;uh; fLrh ikfgyh rsOgk R;kauk fdrh nq#[ >kys vlsy ;kph dYiukp ysyh cjh\ vki. kj lq[h vkgksr vkk\ i. tj vki. lq[klhu >kyks rj rhp ladVs iqUgk vkY;k[sjht jkg.kj ukghr\ Eg.wu lekph opus vki. ikgw ;k\ v;kRekP;k ik;koj tj lxGk O;ogkj] ^iap % loZ thou mHs djk;ps vlsy rj vki. v;kRekpk ik;k dk; rks ^e tk.wu ?s ;k\ dk; ys vlrk v;kRe fl* gksy= dk; ys vlrk vkRenZu gksy] Loikpk vkuan vki. ^kIr d dw= dk; ys vlrk thoukps pje y{; vkiY;kyk ^kIr gksy= R;klacaAhph gh vksoh vkgs\ vkA v;kReJo. ex lnxq:iknlsou iq< vkRefuosnu lnxq:^lkn nk\ 6240 eyk usgeh okVrs lekph ,d ,d vksoh rjktwP;k ,dk cktwyk Bsokoh vkf. nql;k cktwyk ,d dksV :i;s\ rjh vksohph cktw tM gksu [kyh jkghy\ brD;k eksBeksBk] ekSY;oku vksO;k vkgsr\ vga vkRek gs d/hfp foljks u;s lnk LoikuqlaAku g eq; lk/wp y. ck lkAdkps ijh vkf. Loikdkj varj fl* y. r prqj tkf.ts ,sl nk\ 8912 lxGk egkjkV_kyk] Hkjro"kZyk brp uOgs rj loZ txkyk ;k vksO;kaP;k ikus veksy ns.s lekuh fnys vkgs\ vkA v;kReJo. % leZ Eg.rkr] ^e v;kRekps Jo. djkos Jo.p tj >kys ukgh rj iq<s dkgh dG.kj ukgh\ Jo.koj lekpk kj eksBk fookl vkgs\ ,sdk ijekkZp lkAu ts. gks;s lekAku
26 leZisp opu

r rwa tk. xk Jo. fup;l nk\ 781 ijekkZps eq; lkAu vkgs Jo.] ex euu vkf. fufn;kl\ Jo. euu fut;kl ^fprhu ck.rk fookl jksdMk lkkRdkj lk;kl % dj.fp uyxs nk\ 10930 leZ iStsus lkaxrkr\ tls Kkusoj egkjkt iStsus lkaxrkr % rs. dkj. eh cksysu cksy vikps i nkohu vrf; ijh Hksxohu baf;kadjo Kk\ 636 rlsp leZ lkaxrkr\ Jo.kr lk;kl dlys= v[aM ;ku] v[aM cksA vkgs\ R;kps vuqlaAku Bsoys ikfgts\ R;klkBh ksMs foosd] oSjkX; ikfgts\ Jo.kpk v;kl Bsoyk ukgh rj egar ns[hy cqMrhy\ Eg.wu Jo. ikfgts\ Jo.kps ,o<s ego ,sdwugh vki. Jo.kyk dk tkr ukgh rj dks.kdMwu v;kReJo. djk;ps gk ^u vkgs\ vfAdkjh oDR;kdMwu Jo. djk;ps\ ok funku lkAd rjh ikfgts\ lar feG.s nqfeZG\ ijarq lekuh lkafxrysyh lkAuk dj.kjh eaMGh nklcksAkoj cksyk;yk ikfgtsr\ ts dAhdAh ,dkUrkr tkrkr] Loih foJkarhyk tkrkr vkf. ex yksdkUrkr ;srkr vls os ikfgtsr\ v[aM ;sdkar lsokok v;klfp djhr tkok dkG lkZdfp djkok tuklfgr nk\ 111017 tks dAh ,dkUrkr tkr ukgh] v;klp djhr ukgh] Loi vok LoifLrh Eg.ts dk; gs T;kyk ekfgrh ukgh] oG nsg eu cq*hpkp fopkj tks djrks vkgs] ;ks cq*s# ijrLrq l# R;k l# pk vkBop T;kP;k thoukr ukgh vlk tj ok vlsy rj Jo. dq.kdMwu djk;ps= lekoj cksy.kjs dkgh os lekuh lektdkj.] jktdkj. dls ys rs lkaxrkr\ rs Bhd vkgs\ i. lekps thou R;kauh lektdkj.] jktdkj. fdrh ys ;klkBh ukgh\ lekps ekgkRE; vkgs] R;kaP;k thoukpk fopkj vkgs rks R;kauh v;kRe fdrh ys ;klkBh vkgs\ Hkjrkrhy )f"equps] O;klkfndkaps ukao ts ^fl* vkgs rs R;kauh ^iap dlk yk jktdkj. dk; ys ;klkBh
Lokeh ek/ouk 27

ukgh\ R;k vkrk dkyck xksVh vkgsr\ R;k R;k dkGkyk ;ksX; vk xksVh R;k R;k larkauh lkafxrY;k\ Kkusoj egkjktkauh rRdkyhu vk xksVoj kjlk Hj fnyk ukgh\ dkj. R;k dkGkr ijdh;kaps vke. vtwu >kysys uOgrs\ loZ( vkcknhvkckn gksrh\ lekP;k osGh okrkoj. kjp okV gksrs\ loZ( la?"Z gksrk\ vkiys yksd ijdh;kaps uksdj >kys gksrs\ ererkapk xYcyk gksrk\ vk ifjfLrhr Kkusojhrhy Cn nklcksAkr dls ;s.kj= i. v;kRe nksUgh dkykr ,dp\ O;klkaiklwu Loikuankai;r v;kRekr dqBsgh cny ukgh\ Eg.wu u cny.kjs ts ro % R;k rokps Jo. gs v;kReJo.\ vkAh v;kReJo. % Jo.kyk clys] i. [wi tsowu vkys\ R;keqGs rgku ykxyh] tho dklkohl >kyk\ bdMs os lkaxr vkgsr\ i. R;kyk Jo. dls gks.kj= ksMs csrkus tsowu ;k;yk ikfgts\ fdrh O;kogkfjd lwpuk fnY;k igk lekuk ts fnlr gksrs rs R;kauh fyfgys\ dhrZuh cSlrk fus ukxfoys Kkuksck] ukensokaP;k dkGhgh gsp gksrs\ Jo. dk gksr ukgh= cksAp ulrks\ R;k fo";kph r;kjhp ulrs\ R;keqGs lkax.kjk vkf. ,sd.kjk ;kaP;kr fopkjkpk esGp clr ukgh\ ,dnk ,dk xkokyk ckyxaAokph ukV lq gksrh\ ukVd igk;yk ,d fnol ,d ikVhy vkys\ [wi Jhear gksrs\ i. ukVd igk;kph lao; uOgrh\ ifgY;k jkaxsps frfdV dk<wu igk;yk clys\ iMnk oj xsyk\ ukVd lq >kys\ ukgh eh cksyr vkrk ukk xk.s lq >kys\ nksu rhu osGk rksp pj. dkukoj iMyk\ ikVykauk vkp;Z okVys\ cksyr ukgh Eg.ts dk;= vkEgh iSls fnys vkgsr\ ;kauh cksyk;yk ikfgts\ ikp lgk osGk vkGowu vkGowu rksp pj. EgVyk xsyk\ rsOgk ek( ikVykauk rs vl >kys\ rs [qphZo:u mBys\ R;kauh MksD;kojpk Vk dk<wu gkrkr ?sryk vkf. vkiyk gkr map du eksBkus vksjMys] cksyr ukghl rj cksyw udksl\ i. ek>s iSls Vkd\ vkrk vk ek.lkyk ^R; xaAoZ tjh xkr vlys rjh dkgh dGsy dk= R;k xk;kr rks jesy dk= laxhrkps Kkup T;kyk ukgh rks laxhrkr je.s D; ukgh\ T;kyk xk;kpk dku dok let vkgs]
28 leZisp opu

xk.s ,sdwu cjs okVrs vkgs ,o<s rjh gos\ xk;kpk frVdkjk vlsy rj R;kP;k leksj me xk;d vk.wu clfoyk rjh dk; mi;ksx R;kyk laxhrkps Jo. ?M.s dls D; vkgs= Eg.wu Jo. ?Mr ukgh\ T;k fo";kps Jo. djko;kps rks v;kRefo"; ksMkrjh vkiY;k ifjp;kpk vlY;kfok; Jo. ?M;kph D;rkp ukgh\ dkgh ksMs eukps yksd ekfgrh gosr\ R;kr lekuh Hkph y.s vfr; lqanj lkafxryh vkgsr\ lnk vktZoh ^h; tks loZyksd lnk loZnk lR;oknh foosdh u cksys dnk feF; okpk f(okpk tx AU; rks nkl loks Z ekpk lnk lsfo vkj; rk:;dkG feGsuk dnk dYiuspsfu esG pGsuk euh fup;ks < T;kpk tx AU; rks nkl loksZekpk uqlrs eukps yksd okpys] R;kps euu ys vkf. R;k^ek.s dj;kpk ksMklk ^;Ru tjh yk rjh iqdG >kys\ loZLoh rls gks.kj ukgh\ dkj. [wi vo?M yksd vkgsr\ vuar jk?okpk ksA ;k ukaokps ek>s ,d iqLrd ;k eukscksAkaoj vkgs\ R;kr ksMs ;k yksdkaoj fnXnZu ys vkgs\ oLrqr# gtkj ikukapk xza ;k yksdkaoj gksy ,o<s rs egokps vkgsr\ LoikP;k vuqlaAkukrwu tjkns[hy pGw udk vlk eukP;k yksdkpk bR;Z vkgs\ eukp r ,sdrka nks" tkrh erhean rs lkAuk;ksX; gksrh p<s Kku oSjkX; lkeF;sZ vkax Eg.s nkl fooklrka eqfHksx vls gs eukps yksdns[hy T;kauh okpys ulrhy R;kauk Jo. dls ?M.kj rks xs rksfp rks jke loZ( ikg brdh R;kph r;kjh ulyh rjh pkysy\ i. funku yksd okpys ikfgtsr\ R;kps ksMs euu ys ikfgts] rj R;kyk Jo. ?Msy\ T;kauh dAh lekps oke;] dks.R;kgh larkaps oke; dAh ikfgys ulsy] lacaA vk;q;Hj m|ksxAank] lalkj] eqysckGs] ukVd] flusek ;krp vk;q; dk<ys vlsy vh O;f tj vkAh v;kReJo. gs ,sdk;yk vkyh rj fryk Jo. dls ?Msy Eg.wu Jo.kP;k vkM vusd xksVh ;srkr\ ,dnk ,d x`gL gksrs\ R;kaP;k iRuh laxhrK gksR;k\ laxhrkP;k
Lokeh ek/ouk 29

v;klklkBh R;kauh ikpiapohl o"sZ [pZ yh gksrh\ R;k x`gLkauk laxhrkph vftckrp xksMh uOgrh\ ,dnk ,d ^fl* xk;d xkokr vkys gksrs\ R;kaP;k eSyhyk ;k x`gLkauh ;kos Eg.wu R;kaph iRuh R;kauk vkxzg djhr gksrh\ R;kauh cjhp VkGkVkG yh\ i. soVh ukbyktkus rs x`gL iRuhlg eSyhyk xsys\ xk.s lq >kys\ ,o<k eksBk xk;d\ R;kps vkyki] rkuk cjkp osG lq gksrs\ ,d rklHj xsY;koj R;k x`gLkaP;k psgs;koj prk fnlw ykxyh\ iRuhyk vkp;Z okVys\ ,o<s pkaxys xk;u pkyw vlrkuk ;kauk prk dlyh okVrs= frus u jkgowu ifrjktkauk ^u fopkjyk] rqEgkyk dkph prk okVrs= ifrjkt Eg.kys] iwohZ vkiY;kdMs ,d cdjk gksrk\ rks R;kP;k e`R;qiwohZ ngk iaAjk fefuVs c c vls dGoGwu vksjMr gksrk\ i. iq<s rks esyk\ ;ss eh igkrks rj rkl gksu xsyk\ gs xk;d rlsp vksjMr vkgsr\ i. vtwu vkgsr\ R;kaP;k iRuhus dikGkyk gkr ykoyk\ vkrk vk euq;kyk laxhrkps Jo. dls ?M.kj= leZ lkaxrkr] Jo. Ogk;yk ikfgts] R;kph vuqHwfr ;k;yk ikfgts\ R;klkBh Jo.kyk JksR;kph iwoZr;kjh ikfgts\ ok Ogk;ps rj vk.[h osxGh r;kjh ikfgts\ ok vkf. Jksrk nks?s r;kj vlrhy rj Jksrkok ,dip gksu tkrkr\ ex R;k Jo.kph xksMh dkgh vtcp vlrs\ Eg.wu v;kReJo.kyk ,o<k xksVh ikfgtsr\ v;kRe gk lw{e fopkj vkgs\ R;keqGs brj fo";kaps Jo. djk;yk th r;kjh ykxrs] R;kisk v;kRekps Jo. djk;yk vf/d r;kjh ykxrs\ tj cqf* vxz vlsy rjp Jo. D; vkgs\ v;kRe Eg.ts vkRE;kfo";h fopkj\ vkRek gk vR;ar xw< vkgs\ lokuh gsp lkafxrys\ ," losZ"q Hwrs"q xq<ksRek u ^dkrs ';rs RoXz;;k cq*;k lw{e;k lw{enfZfH# bfr xqrea kL(feneqa e;ku? H\ xhrk\ 1520 gs vR;ar xqre kL( vkgs\ dkj. eh vkRE;kfo";h lkaxrks vkgs
30 leZisp opu

vls Hxoar Eg.rkr\ ijesoj] ijekRek] vkRek gk vR;ar xq] xqIr vkgs\ ;kyk tk.wu ?s;klkBh vfAd r;kjh ykxrs\ uofoAk Hf ifgY;kiklwu soVi;r djk;yk ykxrs\ rjp vkRE;kfo";h Jo. gks drs\ ufprk ;ejktkadMs vkRefopkj ,sd;klkBh xsyk\ ;ejktkauh ukuk ^yksHus nk[owu ufprkyk vkReKku feGo;kiklwu ijko` dj;kpk ^;Ru yk\ rk;q"# iq(ikS(ku o`.ho cgwu iwu gfLrfgj;eoku HweseZgnk;rua o`.ho Lo;a p tho jnks ;kofnPNfl bek jkek# ljk# lrw;kZ u ghk yEHuh;k euq;S# vkfHeZR^kfH# ifjpkj;Lo ufprks ej.a ekuq^kh# i. ufprkus lxGk xksVh cktwyk lku vkReKkukpk g Ajyk\ okssHkok eR;ZL; ;nUrdSrr losZfU;k.ka tj;fUr rst# vfi lo thforeYieso roSo okgkLro u`R;xhrs ;k nsgkyk e`R;q vkgs ex ckdhP;k xksVph dk; der eyk vkRei gks;kps Kku ikfgts\ ufprk ;ejktkauk Eg.kyk\ v;kRe Jo. djk vls lkax.s Eg.ts v;kRe Jo.kps vfAdkjh Ogk vls i;kZ;kus lekps lkax.s vkgs\ v;kRekpk fopkjp T;kaP;k eukr ukgh R;kauk v;kReJo. ?Mr ukgh\ ;ss teysys loZ Jksrs v;kRekps vfAdkjh vkgsr Eg.wu gh vksoh ?sryh\ Hxonxhrk lkaxrkuk Kkusoj egkjktkauh gsp lkafxrys\ t visfts foj lnk vuqHfots lar lksga Hko ikjaxr jfets ts Kk\ 153 t vkdf.Zts H ts H vkgsr R;kauh Hxonxhrk ,sdk;ph\ rls v;kReJo. ts H] ;ksxh] Kkuh vkgsr] funku ts lkAd vkgsr R;kauh djkos\ vkAh v;kReJo. ex lnxq:iknlsou v;kReJo. >kY;koj ,d vkSRlqD; vlrs dh vkrk vkReKku Ogk;yk ikfgts\ R;klkBh Jo. iqUgkiqUgk rsp djk;ps vlrs\ R;kyk nqljk ekxZp ukgh\ leZ Eg.rkr %
Lokeh ek/ouk 31

lsfoyp lsoko vUu ?sryfp ;ko thou rSl Jo. euu yfp djko nk\ 7847 vko`fjlnqinskr vls czlw(p vkgs\ iqUgkiqUgk vko`f djkoh\ ,dnk Jo. Y;kcjkscj eh vkReKkuh vkgs vls Eg.wu mB.kjs ,dp >kys rs Eg.ts Kkusoj egkjkt dkukopukfp;s HsVh % lfjlkfp i fdjhVh oLrq gksfu mBh dof. ,dq tks Kk\ 9991 vls fpr gksrs\ cgqrsd osGk Jo. >kys] ekxZ dGyk rjh usedk ekxZ tk.wu ?s;klkBh lnxqauk j. tkos ykxrs\ lnxq: czfuB] Jksf(; ikfgtsr\ f;kaP;k ukuk adk vlrkr\ R;kps lekAku lnxqauk djrk vkys ikfgts\ rs Kkukps vfAdkjh vlkosr\ ex % rjh xq: nkfoyh;k okVk ;sfu foosdrhZrVk Aqfu;k eGdVk cq*hpk rs. Kk\ 181011 vls djk;yk ykxrs\ lnxqaph y.s lkaxrkuk leZ Eg.rkr % Eg.ksfu Kku oSjkX; vkf. Htu LoAeZdeZ vkf. lkAu dk fui. Jo. euu uhfr U;k;s e;kZnk nk\ 5252 ;keA ,d m. vls rs. r foy. fnls Eg.kSu loZfg foyls lnxq:ikl nk\ 5253 lnxq: ckgsj lkekU;klkj[s fnlrkr\ i. vkr v[aM Loikps vuqlaAku vlrs\ rksp eh vkgs] lfnkuanp eh] nsgla?krkdMwu gks.k;k loZ dekpk eh lkh vkgs\ rkacMk e[eyhoj LfVdkpk [Mk Bsoyk Eg.ts rks tlk rkacMk fnlrks rlk eh nsgeucq*hP;k la;ksxkeqGs dAh dkeh] ksAh] yksHh fnlrks\ i. R;kpk ek;kh frGek( lacaA ukgh\ vls iw.Z cksAkoj vlysys ts lnxq: vlrkr] rsp f;kyk cksA ns drkr\ R;kaph lsok djkoh\ ikp ngk o"sZ Jo. ?Mys] R;kph xksMh ykxyh] vkReKkukph rGeG ykxyh dh ex tku lnxqaph HsV ;koh] R;kaph lsok djkoh\ Sys Sys u ekf.D;a ekSfda u xts xts
32 leZisp opu

lkAoks u fg loZ( pUnua u ous ous okVsy R;kyk lnxq: Eg.rk ;sr ukgh\ lnxqaph ijhkp ;koh\ R;kaP;k euke;s dk; bPNk vkgs rs letwu ;kos\ R;kaps varj oSjkX;kus Hjysys vkgs dh ukgh= ^iapkeAwu rs eksdGs vkgsr dh ukgh= vfyIr vkgsr dh ukgh rs igkos\ rksgh us( ikgs Jo. ,sdrq vkgs ifj rspk loZk uksgs uoy ns[ Kk\ 541 vls lnxq: iw.Z cksAkoj vlrkr\ loZ O;ogkj djr vlrkuk iw.Z vfyIr vlrkr\ vh lnxqaph y.s lrf;kus ikj[wu ;kohr\ ex ,dnk lnxq: ys dh ex dnkfi R;kaP;kiklwu osxGs Ogk;ps ukgh\ rs Eg.rhy rs djk;ps\ oG xza ,o<kp xq: gks dr ukgh\ iqLrdKku fup;s Aj. rjh xq: dkl;k dj. ;kdkj. fooj. vkiqY;k ^R;;s nk\ 12730 mifu"ns] Hxonxhrk] nklcksA] Kkusojh] iapnh] czlw(s] ;ksxlw(s loZ xza vlys rjh ekxZnZuklkBh ^R; lnxq: leksj ikfgtsr\ lnxq:ik >kY;kfok; xzakpk vZ dGr ukgh\ HkaMkjx`g Hjy ijh vlrh vkMfdy gkrkl u ;srk fdyh loZgh v^kIr nk\ 7213 lnxq:ik rsfp fdyh ts. cqf* ^dkyh }SrdikV m?My ;sdlj nk\ 7215 i. gh lnxq:ik Ogk gksrs= lnxq:ik dGs R;klh tks ksAhy vki.klh iq< dG vuqHoklh vkivki oLrq nk\ 61011 Lokeh Loikuan Eg.r % lnxq:ik dh gksrs gs dGk;yk ohl o"sZ ykxrkr] vlk ek>k vuqHo vkgs\ Eg.ts ts iw.Z czKkuh] eqGkr vR;ar loxq.h ^rh R;kauk lnxq:ik dGk;yk ohl o"sZ ykxyh vls Eg.rkr\ Kkunsokauk rRdkG cksA >kyk vls fnlys rjh R;kauhp EgVys vkgs % rs. cgqr tUe ekfxy fosikap ikf.oG >kfMy
Lokeh ek/ouk 33

Eg.ksfu mitr[oks cqMkyh yXu?fVdk Kk\ 6471 vusd tUe lkAuk ?Myh] Eg.wu eyk rkcMrksc Kku >kys\ ,goh vkReKku rRdkG gks.s D; ukgh\ R;klkBh lnxq: iknlsou djkos ykxrs\ iknlsou Eg.ts lnxqaps ik; psi.s] Mks psi.s uOgs\ rh lsok vR;ar xkS. vkgs\ ,dk lnxqaps nksu f; fuR; R;kaP;k toG jkgwu R;kaph lsok djr gksrs\ ,d f; R;kaps mtos vax psir vls] ,d Mkos vax psir vls\ ,d fnol mtos vax psi.kjk f; xSjgtj jkfgyk\ rsOgk lnxqauh lkafxrys] vkt mtos vax rwp psi\ R;koj R;k f;kauh lnxqaps Mkos vax fuR;k^ek.s pkaxys psiys\ i. mtos vax nkrvksB [ku psiys\ dkj. rh vkiyh cktw uOgrh\ soVh lnxq: R;kyk Eg.kys] ckck js gh lsok iqjs\ nqljs fnoh nqljk f; vkyk\ lnxqauh R;kyk vknY;k fnolkph gfddr lkafxryh\ R;kcjkscj rks f; jkxkowu Eg.kyk] vls R;kus ys dk;= eh c?wu ?srks\ soVh lnxq: Eg.kys] rqeph lsok vkrk iqjs\ Eg.wu vls lnxq: iknlsou gks dr ukgh\ ,dk VsdMhoj ,d lnxq: jgkr gksrs\ R;kauk nek gksrk\ ,d fnol jk(h ckjk oktrkp R;kauk nE;kpk [wi (kl Ogk;yk ykxyk\ Eg.wu R;kauh ,dk f;kyk cksykowu lkafxrys] VsdMhP;k ik;F;kh ,d O;f jgkrs\ frP;k dMwu ,d fofV i*rhus r;kj yssys iku ?su ;s\ R;kus ek>k nek deh gksy\ rs ,sdwu rks f; Eg.kyk] vkiys pj. lksMwu dlk tk= lnxq: dk; rs letys\ R;kauh nql;k f;kyk iku vk.;kl lkafxrys\ R;k^ek.s nqljk f; rkcMrksc VsdMh mru iku ?su vkyk\ R;kuarj dkgh fnolkauh xkokrhy ,d Jhear x`gL lnxqauk vkiY;kdMs Hkstukyk cksyfo;kl vkys\ lnxqatoG nksUgh f; gksrsp\ lnxq: R;k x`gLkauk Eg.kys] eh dksBsgh Hkstukyk tkr ukgh\ i. ek>s gs f; vkgsr\ ;kaP;kiSdh ,dt. ;sy\ lnxqauh nksUgh f;kadMs ikfgys\ ,d f; Eg.kyk] eh ;ss vkiY;ktoG jkgrks\
34 leZisp opu

nqljk f; tks iwohZ VsdMh mru vkS"A vk.k;yk r;kj uOgrk rks Hkstukps fuea(. Lohdkjk;yk rkcMrksc r;kj >kyk\ rks Eg.kyk] vkiyh vkKk dh eksMw= ex ifgyh vkKk uOgrh dk= lnxq: iknlsou Eg.ts lnxqauh ts lkafxrys rs dj.s\ R;kauh lkafxrys Jhjke t; jke t; t; jke Eg.\ rj jk(afnol uke pkyw ikfgts\ R;kpk ;kl ?sryk ikfgts\ vkiY;kyk ijekkZe;s tj dkgh maph xkBk;ph vlsy] ujtUe lkZd du ;k;pk vlsy rj lnxq: lkaxrhy R;k^ek.s lkAuk djk;yk ikfgts\ ujtUe gh iqUgkiqUgk feG.kjh xksV ukgh\ ojdM nsgs g dkckM ujnsg eksB ?ckM ijarq ikfgts tkM foosd jpuk nk\ 20526 vkRekukRe foosd ikfgts\ vkRek dks.] vukRek dks. gk tj foosd ulsy rj ujtUe ok;k tkrks\ ujnsgek|a lqyHa lqnqyZHa Iyoa lqdYia xq:d.ZAkja e;kuqdwysu uHLorsfjra iqekUHokCA u rjsRl vkRegk rks vkRe?krdhp vkgs\ lekuh vkRegR;kjk vlk Cn okijyk vkgs\ ;kpk vZp vlk dh ;k ujtUekr ;su tj vki.kyk ru tk;ps vlsy rj ;k i*rhus tk;yk ikfgts\ vkA v;kReJo. ex lnxq:iknlsou lnxqaph lsok djrkuk dnkfi daVkGk ;srk dkek u;s\ R;klkBh ^e lnxqapk ksA ;k;yk ikfgts\ lnxq: vkiksvki leksj ;su mHs jgkr ukghr\ lnxq: vkiSlk HsVsfp xk vls Kkusoj egkjktkauh EgVys vlys rjh vki. R;k Hzekr jkgw udk\ R;kapk fopkj kj osxGk vkgs\ dkgh eaMGh rso<sp ykr Bsowu lnxq: vkiksvki HsVrhy vls letrkr\ rs [js ukgh\ ,dnk ,dk ,h o"kZP;k o`* x`gLkus eyk ^u fopkjyk\ fdrh vKku vlrs rs igk\ rs Eg.kys] tks ts okaNhy rks rs ykgks vls Kkusoj egkjktkauh EgVys vkgs\ vkEgh tUeHj Kkusojh okpr vkyks\ i. vkeph ,dgh bPNk iw.Z >kyh ukgh gs dk;= eh R;kauk EgVys] R;kP;k iwohZP;k vksO;k okpk\ nqfjrkps frfej tkoks\ rks
Lokeh ek/ouk 35

ikikpk vaAdkj fVyk dk= ex tks ts okaNhy rks rs ykgks iF; ikGys dk= iF; ulsy rj vkS"Akpk mi;ksx dk;= T;kauh ifgys lxGs ys vlsy R;kauk Kkusojkaps opu ^ek.\ i. ex rks ekx.kjp ukgh nqljs dkgh\ rks Eg.sy] eyk vkRelkkRdkj gks ns\ nso dks. rs dGw ns\ xhrk] Kkusojh] nklcksAkpk vZ dGw ns\ vls R;kps ekx.s vlsy vkf. vk ekx;k r`Ir dj;kps lkeF;Z ;k larkatoG vlrs\ ,dnk ,d Hfxuh ek;kdMs vkY;k vkf. Eg.kY;k] eh ikolyk tk.kj vkgs\ i. rss Lokeh Loikuan kjls cksyr ukghr vls dGys\ eh EgVys] gks\ i. vkiyh vMp. dk; vkgs= ijekkZrhy dkgh fopkjk;ps vkgs dk= R;k Eg.kY;k] ijekZ tk |k gks i. ek>s vkf. ;tekukaps vftckr iVr ukgh] R;klacaAh fopkjk;ps vkgs\ R;k Hfxuh vR;ar Jhear gksR;k\ caxyk] xkMk loZ gksrs\ i. rs ifriRuh ,desdkaleksj vkys dh fculk;ps\ eh R;kauk EgVys] gk ^u Lokehth lksMo.kj ukghr\ rs Eg.rhy] rqEgh ijesojkps uke ;k\ ;kukyk clk\ rqeps ikgwu dnkfpr rqeps ;tekuns[hy kari.s ;kukyk clrhy\ nks?kaps eu ikyVsy\ la?"Z feVsy\ lnxq:aikh xsY;koj vki. dk; ekxk;ps rs dGys ikfgts\ eh dks. vkgs= ijekRek dks. vkgs= ijekRek vkf. eh ,dp vkgs vls loZ lar lkaxrkr R;kph vuqHwrh eyk |k\ vls ekxkos\ nsoin vkgs fuxqZ. nsoin vuU;i. gkfp vZ ikgrka iw.Z lekAku ok.s nk\ 6632 nso fuxqZ. vkgs\ ehgh rksp vkgs\ gs vuqlaAku dnkfigh f<ys gksrk dkek u;s\ eh lfnkuan vkgs vk cksAkr jgk;ps rj rs ;kp tUekr\ ;kfp nsgh ;kfp MksGk ikgs eqhpk lksgGk Eg.wu lnxqauk j. tkos\ vkA v;kReJo. ex lnxq:iknlsou iq< vkRefuosnu lnxq:^lkn nk\ 6240
36 leZisp opu

lnxqaph lsok djr vlrk R;kapk ^lkn ^kIr gksrks\ lR;ukjk;.kpk ^lkn osxGk\ yksd ikshyk u tkrk ^lknkyk tkrkr\ vlR; Hk".kus dk; gksrs rs ikshr lkafxrys vkgs\ usgeh lR; cksykos gk R;kpk efrrkZ vkgs\ lnxq:ik >kY;kuarj ^e ykr ;srs rs rks vkf. eh ,di vkgs\ foH ukgh\ vkRefuosnukp y. vkA ikgko eh dks. ex ijekRek fuxqZ. rks oksG[kok nk\ 8813 vkiyk vki.kl ykH g Kku ije nqH t vkfnvarh Lo;aH Loifp Lo; nk\ 5615 R;kyk Loikuan ^kIr gks.kjp\ lnxqaph ^lUurk Ogk ^kIr gksrs= ex vfHUuk b;k lsok fp fe;kafp Hjsy tsOgka ek>k ^lknq tk. rsOgka laiw.Z tkgyk Kk\ 181269 vfHUu lsok Eg.ts vkRefuosnu\ vkRefuosnuk mijh fu[G oLrq fujarjh vki. vkRek varjh % cksA tkyk nk\ 6241 R;k czcksA czfp tkyk lalkj[sn rks mMkyk nsgks ^kjCA Vkfdyk lkodk nk\ 6242 ;klh Egf.ts vkReKku ;s. ikfots lekAku ijcz vfHUu Hfp tkyk nk\ 6243 vkrka gks.kj r gks;suk dka vkf. tk.kj r tk;suk dka rqVyh eukrhy vkadk tUee`R;kph nk\ 6244 lalkj iqaMko pqdy nsoka Hka ,sD; tky eq; nsokl oksGf[y lRlaxsdfu nk\ 6245 rr lr t; t; j?qohj leZ

Lokeh ek/ouk

37

3\

rLekr fopkj djkok nso dks. rks oksG[kok vkiyk vki. ksA ;kok var;kZe fopkj dfjrka m?Mk vki. ukg
nk\ 497

eh dks. ,slk fuokMk ikgk tkrk ro>kMk

nk\ 498

ro ro tsOgka ljs rsOgka vki. dpk mjs vkRefuosnu ;s.^dkj lgtfp tky
[Lokeh
Hf\
nk\ 499 ek/ouk ;kaps lR; lk fuy;e iq.s ;k okLrwrhy fuR;kps ^opu]

nklcksA pkSk nd] uook lekl pkyw vkgs\ vkRefuosnu Jo.a dhrZua iklwu Hhps ^dkj lq >kys\ rs vkRefuosnuke;s ifj.r >kys] ifjiw.Z >kys\ vkRefuosnu gh eq; Hf vkgs vls leZ letrkr\ vkRefuosnu ;kpk ksMD;kr vZ vki. nsgkus u mj.s\ ek>k nsg] ek>s eu] ek>h cqf*] ek;k cq*hyk gs iVr ukgh vls vki. Eg.r vlrks\ Eg.ts nsg eu cq*hisk eh dks.hrjh osxGk vkgs] vls vki. letrks\ ijok ,d o`* Hfxuh HsVY;k\ ljh vksykaMysY;k\ o`*i.kph loZ fpUgs nsgkoj fnlw ykxyh gksrh\ R;kauh eyk fopkjys] eh vkrk dk; lkAuk d= eh R;kauk EgVys] vkrk lkAuk vh dkgh dj.s D; gks.kj ukgh\ ;ksxkpk v;kl vkrk te.kj ukgh\ Kku lksga % rksp eh ;k cksAkr ;s.s vkrk D; ukgh\ R;kpk ljko ygkui.kiklwu djk;yk ikfgts\ R;klkBh iF;ik.h ikGys ikfgts\ vkrk rs gks.kj ukgh\ rsOgk lksik mik; Eg.ts jkeuke ;k\ R;k Eg.kY;k] rss eu tMr ukgh\ R;k acwdkyk jkekus ekjys gs ek;k cq*hyk iVr ukgh\ vkrk vkyh iapkr\ eh EgVys] brj lkAuk te.kj ukghr] Eg.wu eh rqEgkyk uke ;k;yk lkafxrys\ ijarq jkeuke ?s.s rqeP;k cq*hyk iVr ukgh\ jke Eg.ts rqEgh ,[knh euq;kfr letykr dk= ,[knk Bjkfod vkdkj] LoHko vls letykr dk= Hxoar Eg.rkr %
38 leZisp opu

votkufUr eka ew<k ekuq" ruqekfJre ija HkoetkuUrks ee Hwregsoje H\ xhrk 911 eh tjh euq;kfr Akj. yh vlyh rjh eh ijekRekp vkgs gs iqdG ew< yksdkauk dGr ukgh\ gk Hxonxhrsrhy yksd R;kauk lkafxryk\ foukscktps opu lkafxrys] njkus vkiY;k iq(kyk T;kps ukao Bsoys rks jke\ lekuh lkafxrys % ,slk lokZRek Jhjke lxq. fuxqZ. iw.Zdke miekp ukgh fujksie i t;kp vkRekjke lokZRek] var;kZeh vlysyk vkRekjke rksp gk '; jke\ jkekus dq.kyk ekjys gs vkiY;kyk dk; djk;ps= vkiyk e`R;q toG vkyk\ vki. iq<s dk; djk;ps rs Bjokos\ okYkiklwu Loikuankai;r gtkjks yksd jke jke Eg.wu eq >kys\ ex vkiY;k cq*hr adk dk ;srs= R;k dkGkr tks ^?kr gksrk] th vkJe O;oLk gksrh R;k^ek.s R;kauh ys\ vkrk vki. R;kyk dlksVk ykowu R;kps rs euq;deZ ekuwu rks euq;p gksrk] nso uOgrk rks euq;] ehgh euq; vls Eg..kj dk= gh dk; cqf*= vh gh vkiyh cqf*] vls gs eu] vlk gk nsg\ vkrk ijekZ dqByk= jke dqByk= vkRefuosnu Eg.ts nsg eu cq*hus u mj.s\ ek>s gs er vkgs] eyk vls okVrs gs u cksy.s\ ijesojk rq>sp lkjs vkgs\ gh cq*hgh rq>hp\ eh ts dk; pkaxys okV cksyr vlsu rs loZ rw tk.] rw dk; rs let\ ek>s eu iwoZtUeP;k laLdkjkuqlkj dk; rs cuys vkgs\ rw letwu ?s\ ek>s eu Bhd ukgh gs eyk dGrs\ ijarq rw iq:"kse me iq:" vkgsl\ eh rqyk j. vkysyks vkgs\ ifrrikou vls rq>s uke vkgs\ eh ifrr vlyks rjh eyk ikou djk;yk rw leZ vkgsl\ vls Eg.r ijesojkP;k pj.h j.kxr gks.s\ eh dks.h ukgh vls let.s] gh vkRefuosnukph ifgyh fLrh vkgs vkf. ex R;k ifydMs tku j.kxrh % r;k vga okpk fp vkax nsfu;ka j. fjx egksnAh dk xkax fjxky tSl Kk\ 181319
Lokeh ek/ouk 39

gh vkRefuosnukph soVph voLk\ vkRefuosnu Eg.ts eh u mj.s\ leZ vkiY;k [kl Syhe;s vki. dSpk] vki. dSpk vls ^R;sd vksohe;s Eg.rkr\ ro ro tsOgka ljs rsOgk vki. dpk mjs vkRefuosnu ;s.^dkj lgtfp tky nk\ 499 rokaps xkaBksMs gs jhj vkgs\ rokr ro felGys Eg.ts vki. dqBs mjrks= Eg.wu vkRefuosnu vkiksvkip vkgs vls leZ Eg.rkr\ i. vkiY;kyk rs ekU; ukgh\ vkiY;kyk gs jhj ,o<s eksBs okVrs dh rs i`Foh] vki] rst] ok;q] vkdk vkgs vls dks.h Eg.k;yk ykxys rj vki. Eg.w Ns Ns ek>s jhj c?k\ nwA] rwi] yks.h] q* vkgkj fogkj ;kus dls lqanj cuys vkgs\ eyk dkgh >kysys ukgh\ vlk jhjkpk o`k vfHeku vkiY;kyk vkgs\ i. jhj gs ukoar vkgs\ ekh ika[ ika[Mh rao gs ljs ;ke;s adk ckGx;kps dk; dkj.= dky gksrs] vkt ukgh vls ?Mrs\ lk;k larkauh gsp lkafxrys\ vkiyk vuqHogh rksp vkgs\ kL(sgh rsp lkaxrkr\ ex R;k jhjkph ,o<h fetkl dkyk= leZ lkaxrkr % ro ro esGfoy R;klh nsg g uke Bsfoy r tk.rs iq:" ksfAy ro ro nk\ 6320 gs ro tsOgk ljrs rsOgk vki. dpk mjs % dqBs mjrks= fdrh xksM lkafxrys= [ja rj eyk usgeh okVrs gs xza vkiY;k thoukr vkiY;kyk br lkaHkGwu usrkr rjh vki. lkaHkGys tkr ukgh gs dk; ra( vkgs dGr ukgh\ vkiyh vh cqf* dks.h yh dks.kl Bkd= cgqAk vkiys tUetUekaps laLdkj R;kyk dkj. vkgsr\ roi ldG Hkls foosd ikgkrka fujls ^frfujkl vkRek vls vki. dpk nk\ 4910 txrkpk loZ ilkjk roi vkgs\ rr ikHkSfrda jke "Ba fdfr u fo|rs gs lxGs ikapHkSfrd vkgs\ lgkos dkgh ;ss ukgh\ vls oflB )f" tsOgk jkepakauk mins djrkr rsOgk lkaxrkr\ nsg rao ikapkap tky g dekZp xq. xqay
40 leZisp opu

Horl pkd lwny tUee`R;wP;k Kk\ 131103 tUee`R;wph th ps fjrkr R;koj t.w gk nsg ?krysyk vkgs\ gs tUee`R;q vlw nsr\ thoukpk soV e`R;we;s vkgs gs lokuk iVysys vkgs\ i. rksi;r thou dls ?kyok;ps gk ^u vkgs\ yksd fopkjrkr] What is after death? lar lkaxrkr] What is before
death ;kpk fopkj djk\ e`R;qi;r thou tj me ?kyoys] O;ogkj

me yk] yksdkah pkaxys okx.s ?Mys] ;kuAkj.k] ukeLej. ys] lnxq:ik laiknu yh] lnxqauh lkafxrysY;k ekxkZus pkyk;yk ykxyk] mifu"ns] Hxonxhrk] Kkusojh] nklcksA vkfn xzakaps okpu ys\ kL(kauh ts lkafxrys rsp ek;k lnxqauh lkafxrys] rsp eh djrks vkgs vkf. ek>hgh rhp vuqHwfr vkgs vls >kys dh laiys\ ,d laiw.Z xaxspk ^okg pkyr vkysyk vkgs] vlk thokpk ^okg vkgs\ xaxsP;k dkBh mHs vlrkuk ,dnk jke. Eg.kys] unhrwu ,[knk ykdMkpk vkMdk ogkr ;srkuk fnlrks\ rks vkiY;kyk fnlrks R;kiwohZ sdMks eSy rks ogkr vkysyk vlrks vkf. vkiY;k VhvkM >kY;kuarjgh rks sdMks eSy ogkr tkrks\ R;kpk ^okl vuqL;wrp vkgs\ rks fnlk;yk ykxyk dh R;kyk vki. tUe Eg.rks] rks fVvkM >kyk dh e`R;q vls letrks\ oLrqr# vls dkgh ukgh\ th rqEgh eaMGh ijekZ djrk vkgkr rh dkgh vkdkkrwu ,dne vkysyh ukghr\ rh ;k ekxkZus dkgh tUe pkyr vkyh rh vkrk ;ss vkyh\ vki. Eg.rks ;kpk tUe b\ l\ 1950 pk\ i. R;kiwohZ rks pkyr vkyk vkgs vkf. iq<sgh pkyr jkg.kj vkgs\ eAY;k dkGkr % l;kP;k thoukr R;kus dk; djkos gk ^u vkgs\ leZ Eg.rkr] vki. m uOgs Eg.ts vkRefuosnu >kys\ R;klkBh ^R;sd deZ ys dh rr lr czkiZ.eLrq Eg.wu ijesojkyk rs viZ. djkos\ R;kpk vkiY;kyk ysi ykxrk dkek u;s\ ,dnk ,dk lkAdkus ,d :i;k oxZ.h dk<wu ,d lqanj eafnj ckaAys\ R;kP;k mn?kVukyk vkiY;k lnxqauk cksykoys\ loZ lekjaH me ^dkjs ikj iMyk\ uarj rks lkAd lnxqauk Eg.kyk] vkrk eh
Lokeh ek/ouk 41

dk; djkos= lnxq: Eg.kys] [wi dV ?su eh gs eafnj ckaAys gs foljkos\ t.w dkgh >kysp ukgh vls vlkos\ i. lxGkr vo?M gh xksV vkgs\ vkiY;k ekuejkrckP;k dkgh dYiuk vlrkr\ R;keqGs dq.h eku fnyk ukgh dh okV okVrs] jkx ;srks\ roi ldG Hkls foosd ikgkrka fujls ^frfujkl vkRek vls vki. dpk nk\ 4910 lxGk ikapHkSfrdkpk ilkjk vkgs\ foosdkus R;kdMs igk;yk xsys dh dk; gksrs= ukuk ^dkjph ek.ls] iq] >kMs>qMis fnlrkr\ i. fopkjiwoZd ikfgys rj ykr ;srs dh gk uqlrk vkHkl vkgs\ ,[kns ewy tUekyk vkys] pGoG djk;yk ykxys dh R;kyk vkyk vls Eg.rkr\ rh pGoG can >kyh dh xsyk vls Eg.rkr\ ,[knk dks.h Kkuh >kyk rj rks Eg.sy] eh tUekykp vkyks ukgh\ rsOgk eyk e`R;wgh ukgh\ eh c*p ukgh] rsOgk eyk eq gks;kpkgh ^u ukgh\ eh v[aM] vuqL;wr] ek;k vkuankr lfnkuanikus fLr vkgs\ eh lfnkuanp vkgs\ ek;kr fnl.kjs dke] ksA] eRlj] naH gs lxGs ^rhps [sG vlwu eh Lor#yk ;k ^rhiklwu Ogkp vyx ys vkgs\ dk; vo?M vkgs ;kr= i. ^R;kr vo?M >kys vkgs [js\ O;klkaiklwu loZ lar lkaxr vkys\ rr Roe vfl rsp rw vkgsl\ Eg. vga czkfLe osnkUrke;s lokZr eksBh vkarfjd lkAuk lkafxryh vkgs] rh Eg.ts vga czkfLe ;kykp vga xzgksikluk Eg.rkr\ ehp cz vkgs\ osnkUrkP;k lkAusP;k T;k dYiuk vkgsr R;kr vkB rgsP;k vkarfjd lkAuk lkafxrY;k vkgsr\ R;k Eg.ts foosd] oSjkX;] enekfn lkAulaif vkf. eqeqRo Jo.] euu] fufn;klu vkf. rr Roe inkZpru\ vk R;k vkB vkgsr\ ;k vkBkr fos" varjax lkAuk Eg.ts rr Roe inkZ pru rsp rw vkgsl\ ;kr rrpk okP;kZ vkgs oj] ykZ vkgs cz\ Roepk okP;kZ vkgs tho] ykZ vkgs dwVL\ dwVL vkf. cz gs ,di vkgsr vls vki. lnxqadMwu] vkiY;k vuqHokus letwu
42 leZisp opu

?s.s vkf. R;k^ek.s lkAuk dj.s gh vxnh varjaxkrhy varjax lkAuk Eg.wu osnkUr letrks vkf. ;kp lkAuk larkaP;k oke;krgh vkgsr\ i. tj gs rr Roe vfl dGys ukgh rj dk; djkos= ex nql;k lkAuk vkgsr\ ;kukyk clkos\ ;ku ter ulsy rj ukeLej. djkos\ brj lkAuk djkO;k\ dks.rhgh lkAuk yh rjh soVh rr Roe vfl ;kojp tkrk ;srs\ rksp eh vkgs ;k cksAkrp vki. tk.kj\ jke jke Eg.r vlrkuk rks jkep gksu tkrks\ fopkj djkok\ fopkj yk dh ros jgkr ukghr\ gh th ros iljysyh vkgsr R;keqGs gk fookpk vkHkl vkgs\ gs foo vkHkflr vkgs ;kfo";hp tj adk vlsy rj xksV fujkGh\ i. fookpk vkHkl fnlrks gs tj [js vlsy rj dkgh ksMs Kku vkf. cjspls vKku ;keqGs rks fnlrks\ tlk ksMk ^dk vkf. cjkplk vaAkj vlsy rj jwoj liZ fnlrks\ eh taft;kyk fdk;yk gksrks\ R;kosGh eh ngk ckjk o"kZpk vlsu\ leq fdukjk toG gksrk\ jkst jk(h vkB lkMsvkByk tso. >kys dh vkEgh dkgh fo|khZ R;k fduk;koj tku okGoaVkr kar iMr vlw\ lkxjkpk rks ?uxaHhj vkokt\ [wi Nku okVr vls\ nqikjh kGsP;k eAY;k lqhr vkEgh cjsp osGk R;k fduk;koj tkr vlw\ R;kosGsyk R;k mUgkr okGoaVkrhy iys :I;kleku Hklr vlr\ vkrk gs :is vkys dqBwu= rj vkephp Hzkarh] vkepsp vKku ;krwu :is fuekZ. >kys\ eqGkr :is ukgh ihp vkgs\ rls liZ ukgh] jwp vkgs\ nksjhoj tlk liZ vkHkflr vkgs] rlk eqGkr foo ;k ukaokpk inkZ ukgh] ijekRekp vkgs\ R;kP;koj fookpk vkHkl vkgs\ R;kyk osnkUrkpk Cn v;kl vkgs\ Eg.ts foo [ksVs vkgs] vkjksfir vkgs\ ex tj gs vkjksfir vkgs rj rs dqBwu vkys] dls vkys ;kpk fopkj rjh dkyk djkok= fopkj d u;s gs pkaxys\ i. rks Hkl brdk tcjnLr vkgs dh rs dls vkys ;kpk fopkj djkok ykxrks\ ex lkaxkos ykxrs dh vkiY;k vKkukus] Hzkarhus gs foo fnlrs vkgs\ eqGkr rs ukgh\ ;sd ijcz lapy dnkfi ukg fodkjy
Lokeh ek/ouk 43

R;kosxG Hkly r Hzei nk\ 1069 ijekRE;kosxGk rqyk tks Hkl gksrks vkgs rks Hzei vkgs\ vkrk Hkl fuekZ. dlk >kyk vls tj fopkjhy rj gh th iapegkHwrs fuekZ. >kyh R;krwu gk vkHkl fuekZ. >kyk\ uhV fopkj yk rj gk fookpk vkHkl laisy vkf. ewG tks ijekRek rss cqf* tky\ roi ldG Hkls foosd ikgkrka fujls loZ Hkl iapegkHwrkapk vlwu rw foosd dj\ vkRek dks.] vukRek dks.= lkj dk; vlkj dk;= lkj ,d ijekRekp vkgs\ ts rqyk fnlrs rs vlkj] uk iko.kjs vkgs\ ;VarUuVa gh fLrh vkgs\ i. dks.kykgh fdrhgh lkafxrys rjh ykr ;sr ukgh\ vusd Hfxuh vardkGh Eg.rkr] ek>s ek>s Hzkarhps vks>s Eg.ts soVh dGrs dh gs Hzkarhps vks>s vkgs\ oLrqr# vkAh ykr ;kos dh vkiyh pkGhh myVwu xsyh\ vkrk rjh gfjLej. djkos Eg.ts gs Hzkarhps vks>s vkiksvki uV gksy\ gs foo vkHkflr vkgs] vlr vkgs vls larkauh fdrhgh lkafxrys rjh vkiY;kyk rs [jsp okVrs\ gh [jsi.kph th Hzkarh rh tk;ykp ukeLej. djk;yk ikfgts\ ijesoj ^kIrhlkBh ,dgh lkAuk ukgh\ dkj. vki. Lor#p ijekRek vkgksr\ i. vkiY;k vkf. ijekRE;kP;k vkM ;srs vkgs rs gs foo\ vxk i iaMqdqejk ;srka Loikfp;k ?jk djhrls vkMokjk fookHklq tks Kk\ 1546 Hxoar Eg.rkr] vjs vtqZuk] rw tj LoicksAkoj ;k;yk ykxykl rj rqyk vMGk dj.kjk gk fookpk vkHkl vkgs\ vApkso ^l`rkLrL; k[k xq.^o`*k fo";^okyk# vAp ewykU;uqlarrkfu dekZuqcUAhfu euq;yks H\ xhrk 152 oj cznsokiklwu [kyh Lkoj taxeki;r vkf. e;s rh lxGh ek.ls vlk rks lalkjo` rqVk;pk dlk= vlL(s. <su fNok
44 leZisp opu

rq>k R;kP;kh lacaAp ukgh gs rw letwu ?s\ foosd dj\ fopkj dj\ gk tj o` [jk vlrk rj ,o<k eksBk ^paM o` mywu Vkd.s] rksM.s dks.kyk D; >kys vlrs= ngkgh fnk] palw;Z] loZ nso] )f"equh] ;] xaAoZ] fdUuj vkf. vkiY;klkj[h ek.ls] Lkoj taxe loZ xksVh T;k o`ke;s vkgsr vlk gk o` rqV.kj dkus= ts rqVfy;k eqGkik myaMsy dka k[ka ijh rSh xksBh dk;lh gk lksik uOgs Kk\ 1550 vls Kkuksck Eg.rkr\ Eg.ts gk o` [jk uOgs\ ex ;k vlrh rq>k lax tMrks dlk= rsOgk ek>k ;k fookh ;Rdfprgh lacaA ukgh\ eh ijekRekp vkgs vk cksAkr rw jgk vkf. ex R;k ijeAkekyk tk;ps vkgs\ rr# ina rRifjekfxZrO;a ;fLeUxrk u fuorZfUr Hw;# reso pk|a iq:"a ^i|s ;r# ^o`f# ^l`rk iqjk.h H\ xhrk 154 tswu iqUgk dAh dks.h ijr ;sr ukgh] rss rs feGwup tkrkr\ th xaxk lkxjkyk xsyh dh iqUgk dAh eqjMwu ekxs ;sr ukgh\ rlk gk tho iw.Z ijekReip gksrks\ ,dnk vkRelkxjkyk feGkY;kuarj iqUgk ek?kjh ;sr ukgh\ vh fLrh ^kIr gks;klkBh dk; djk;yk ikfgts ;kpk fopkj djk;yk gok\ gs jhjgk iM vkf. gs czkaM gs nksUgh R;k rokapsp cuys vkgs\ eh rj lfnkuan vkgs\ ek>k vkf. fookpk ;Rdfprgh lacaA ukgh\ tks dkgh fookpk lacaA vkgs vls eyk o nql;kyk okVrs rksgh vkHklp vkgs\ i. gs ,dk,dh iVr ukgh\ dkj. O;ogkj vkiY;ke;s brdk equ xsysyk vkgs dh ;k fooke;s okoj.kjk eh vkf. gs foo nksUgh vlr vkgs gs fdrhgh vkf. dks.hgh lkafxrys vxnh Kkunso] leZ ;kaP;klkj;k egkiq:"kauh lkafxrys rjh vki. rs uqlrs ,sdrks vkf. fookP;k ilk;kr fjyks dh loZ folu tkrks\ roi ldG Hkls foosd ikgrka fujls tso<k Hkl vkgs rks rokapk\ foosdkus gs vkiksvki fujlwu tkrs\
Lokeh ek/ouk 45

ts txr >kys rs ikapHkSfrd vkf. ek>k nsggh ikapHkSfrd Eg.wu R;k nksUghpk ,desdkah toGpk lacaA tMyk\ th ,[k|k O;luh] nk:Mk ek.lkph nql;k O;luh] nk:Mk ek.lkh xh ters rls gs >kys] vkf. ;k nsgkfo";h o fookfo";h lR;Ro cqf* vkyh dh R;k lR;ocq*hyk rswu dk<.s larkaukns[hy D; gksr ukgh\ Eg.ts dYiuk djk gh lR;ocqf* fdrh < >kysyh vkgs\ mfBr tkxzr ^kI; ojkfUucksAr vls LiVi.s mifu"ns lkaxr vkyh mBk] tkxs Ogk\ leZ Eg.rkr] dkgh eaMGh gyoY;koj tkxh >kY;klkj[h okVrkr i. iqUgk ? MksGs feGwu >ksiwu tkrkr\ Eg.ts R;kaph rh LoIukrhy tkx`rh vlrs\ rs Eg.rkr] vkEgkyk loZ dGys\ vkEgh lnxqauk j. xsyks\ R;kauh vkEgkyk rr Roe vfl gk mins yk\ Jhjke t; jke t; t; jke Eg.k;yk lkafxrys\ R;k^ek.s vkEgh lkAuk djk;yk ykxyks\ i. gh LoIukrhy tkx`rh vkgs\ dkj. mxhpp rqEgh gs loZ djrk vkgkr\ vtwu rqeP;k ykr ;sr ukgh dk dh vki. Lo;eso ijekRek vkgksr\ ijarq ,o<k eksBk ijekZ vkiY;kyk ip.kjk ukgh rsOgk Hze vlw ns\ i. lkAuk gk laoknh Hze vkgs\ vki. lkAusph AMiM djr dk gksuk ijesojkP;k nkjkr tk\ ^R; Hxoar] lar thokyk ;kps vkoklu nsrkr\ Eg.wu vki. lkAuk djrks\ Hzes.kga Hzes. Roa Hzes.ksikldk tuk# Hzes. ojHkoRoa Hzeewya bna txr lR; ijekZ dG.s [jks[jhp dBh. vkgs\ oLrqr# vki. vkk tls vkgks rls ijekReip vkgksr ;koj fookl Bsokok\ fookl ukgh clr rj gfjLej. djkos\ ;ku djkos\ pru euu djkos\ ,dnk vkiY;kyk dGys dh gk nsg vlr vkgs dh vkiksvki vki. ijekRE;kh ,di gksu tk\ ,dnk nsgkojph lR;Rocqf& xsY;kcjkscj eh veqd LoHkokpk] ;k ukaokpk gs loZ tku eh ijekRekp vkgs\ ek>s ^frxr fopkj dk; vkgsr rs eyk ekfgrh ukghr vls gksu tkrs\
46 leZisp opu

bna jhja dkSUrs; s(feR;fHAh;rs ,r|ks osf ra ^kgq# s(K bfr rf}n# H\ xhrk 131 s(s(K fopkj pVdu djkok\ nsg gs s(] eh s(K] lxGk fBdk.h eh Hu vkgs\ s(Ka pkfi eka fof* loZs(s"q Hkjr loZ nsgke;s vlysyk tks vga rks ehp uVwu vkgs\ rh ewG vgark ehp % T;kP;koj rks ckgsjpk vga Lqjrks vkgs rks ehp vkgs vk cksAkr tk;kpk ^;Ru djk;pk\ rls Y;kcjkscj vkiys Loi vkiksvkip vkiY;kyk dGwu ;sy\ gk foosd vkgs] gk fopkj vkgs\ leZ Eg.rkr] vlk foosd Y;kcjkscj lgtp ykr ;srs dh gs vlr vkgs vkf. nsgkP;k] fookP;k fBdk.h vlrcqf* >kyh dh lgtp tho jkei gksu tkrks\ i. vMp. ghp vkgs dh fupGkP;k xksVh cksyrkr] i. iqUgk papGkdMs Akorkr\ papGpkrwu ckgsj iMyh vh eaMGh ksMh\ ;k fupGkP;k xksVh lkaxrh iqUgka papGkdMs Akaorh papGp fu?ksu tkrh ,sls ksMs nk\ 1123 ts vlr rs vlr] lr rs lr\ lr vlrpk fuokMk du lryk fpdVwu jkg.kjs vxnh ksMs vlrkr] tls leZ] rqdksck\ tkGksfu lalkj cSlyk vax. vls rqdksck Eg.rkr\ i. tkGksfu ;kpk vZ ?jkyk dkMh yko.s ukgh\ eukrwu lalkj dk<wu Vkd.s\ lkekU; euq;kyk o<k vfHeku lalkjkpk ek>k lalkj] ek>h eqys] eh eksBk caxyk ckaAyk] uohu xkMh ?sryh\ vkpk;Z Eg.rkr % rr# fde fonss"q ekU;# Lonss"q AU;# lnkpkjo`s"q eks u pkU;# eupsUu yXua xqjksjfAzis rr# fde ;kr dk; feGoysl= rw fonskr ekU;ekU;rk ikoykl] Lonskr AU;rk feGoyhl] eksBk >kykl] i. R;kpk mi;ksx dk;= rq>s ijesojkdMs y ykxr ukgh\ tho czp vkgs ,o<k eksBk cksA gksr ulsy rj eh tho vkgs] ijesojkpk H vkgs vls rjh Ajkos\
Lokeh ek/ouk 47

Eg.ts ex rks H Hf djrk djrk Ogkrjh ijesojkh feGwu tky\ ex rks ijesojkiklwu foH jkg.kj ukgh] vkf. vkRefuosnu lgtp gksu tky\ lalkjkr vxnh jewu xsysY;k ek.lkyk soVh okVrs dh eh mxhp ek>s ek>s ys\ ekka ^iapkp oks> ?su Eg.s ek> ek> cqMrkafg u lksMh qats dqGkfHeku nk\ 3106 oLrqr# vls Eg.kos dh lalkj tlk vkgs] rlk eh djrks vkgs\ lalkj djk gs lkaxk;yk Kkuksck] rqdksck] leZ gs dks.h udksr\ lalkj ek;k fcq*huqlkj tlk gksy rlk eh lkojrks vkgs\ ;ksX; ekxkZus iSlk feGorks vkgs\ eqykaph f.s pkyw vkgsr\ lokuk vko';d rso<s vUu oL( fuokjk eh iqjorks vkgs gs Bhd vkgs\ i. ,o<s >kys dh lalkjkps pru udks\ lkj[s dkghrjh gos vls ulkos\ jke. ijegal R;kaps f; eqjkckcw gs ykAh\ R;kauk ,dnk okVys dh vki. vkgksr rksi;r jke. o R;kaps dqVqach; ;kaP;klkBh vki. dkgh d dyks vkgksr\ i. vkiY;k ipkr ;kaP;klkBh dkgh iSkph O;oLk djkoh\ i. ;klacaAh fopkjk;ps dq.kyk= jke.kaleksj rj iSkpk fo"; dk<;kph lks;p uOgrh\ Eg.wu eqjkckcwauh jke.kaP;k ekrksJuk fopkjys] rqEgkyk dkgh |kos vls eyk okVrs\ rj dk; |kos= ekrksJh Eg.kY;k] ek;ktoG lxGs vkgs\ ,d lkMh vaxkoj vkgs\ ,d okGr Vkdyh vkgs\ tsok;yk ;ss vkgsp\ jgk;yk rqeps ?j vkgs\ [ja lkaxw= eyk dkgh udks\ i. rqEgh fopkjrk Eg.wu lkaxrs\ eyk nksu iSkph rack[w vk.wu |k\ dk; gs ekx.s eqjkckcwaP;k MksGkr vJw vkys\ rs Eg.kys] vk ekrsP;k iksVhp jke. tUekyk ;srkr\ fujfHyk"] fujkl thou\ vklf ukgh gs Ogk dGrs= tsOgk ek.ls |k;yk vkyh rjh vki. ?sr ukgh vls gksrs] rsOgk dGrs\ dks.h ;srp ukgh |k;yk ex fujkl vkgs dh ukgh gs dls dG.kj= vklf vkiY;k ulkulkrwu vkgs\ R;keqGs vki. foosdHzV gksrks\ vkiY;kyk vkiY;k nsgkcy
48 leZisp opu

vkf. txkcy vR;ar lR;Rocqf* vkgs rh leZ mMowu ykorkr\ rs Eg.rkr] ts fnlrs rks Hkl vkgs\ dk; okVsy rs djk\ jkeukekpk Aksk ykok] ;kukyk lkr vkB rkl clk\ Hxonxhrk] nklcksA] Kkusojh ;kps pru euu djk\ dkghgh djk\ ijarq nsgkP;k vkf. fookP;k fBdk.h th lR;ocqf* vkgs rso<h dk<wu Vkdk\ sokG cktwyk ys dh ik.h vkgsp\ vHzs xsY;kcjkscj pa vkgsp\ rls nsg] foo ;kP;k fBdk.ph lR;Rocqf* xsyh dh vki. ijekReLoip vkgksr\ R;klkBh nqljs dkgh djk;yk udks\ nsg?V yoaMwu Vkdk;pk vkgs\ ^frfujkl vkRek vls vki. dpk ^frfujkl >kY;kcjkscj vki. nsgkus mjrksp dqBs= vkf. ^rh Eg.ts i`Foh] vki] rst] ok;q] vkdk] eu] cqf*] vgadkj ;kpkp nsg vkf. foo cuys vkgs\ iM czkaM ,di\ ;k ^rhfo";hph lR;Rocqf* xsY;kcjkscj [qky vki. txke;s oko drks] nsgke;s oko drks\ ex tj dq.h fopkjys dh rqEgh dklkBh nsg Akj. yk tj gk vlr vkgs rj R;kauk lkaxk] eh ijesojLoip vkgs\ eh nsg Akj. Y;klkj[k rqEgkyk fnlrks uk rs [ksVs\ eh nsg Akj. ysyk ukgh\ ts fnlrs rs vlr] .Haxwj vkgs ;kph rqEgkykgh tk.ho vlkoh] eykgh tk.ho vkgs\ eh lrLo:i vlwu v[aM] kor] Lk.q] vpy] lukru iq:" vkgs\ ;kykp vkRefuosnu Eg.rkr\ ;sd eq; ijeso: nqljh ^fr txnkdk: frljk vki. dpk pks: vkf.yk eA nk\ 4911 ehi.k] nsgkojph vklf tk;klkBh tj ekuk;php >kyh rj nksu ros ekurk ;srhy\ oLrqr# ,dp ro vkgs\ i. vki. letqrhlkBh nksu ros ekuyh\ ,d ^rh] ,d ijesoj\ tls Kkuksck Eg.rkr] gkp fopkj lka;kaP;k i*rhus % ,d ^rh] ,d iq:" vk i*rhus rqyk lkaxrks\ eh ,dp vkgs] ehp loZ Hu vkgs oxSjs pVdu dG.kj ukgh\ ^rhpk fujkl du iq:"kdMs tk;ps vkgs vls EgVys rj dGsy\ ,d eq; ijeso: nqljh ^fr
49

Lokeh ek/ouk

txnkdk: gs rqyk ekU; vkgs\ iapHwrkRed gh ^rh txrkpk vkdkj Akj. du rq;kiq<s mHh vkgs\ R;kph rq>h vR;ar xh teysyh vkgs\ vh gh ^rh vkf. ,d ijekRek tks txrke;s v'; vlysyk] vkrckgsj O;kiwu vlysyk vlk vkgs\ th xksMh xqGkP;k <sisyk O;kiwu vlrs] m.rk vXuhyk O;kiwu vlrs dok ork ik;kyk O;kiwu vlrs rlk rks ijekRek lokZyk O;kiwu vkgs i. rks fnlr ukgh\ xksMh fnlr ukgh Eg.wu xksMh dG;klkBh xksM inkZ ftHsoj Bsokok ykxrks\ rls ijekRE;kph xksMh tj dGk;yk goh vlsy rj vkiY;kyk R;kP;kh ,di Ogk;yk gos\ ,desdkauk [ku Vkdk;ps] fxGwu Vkdk;ps\ ,d ,dkrs fxGh vlsp EgVysys vkgs\ ;sd eq; ijeso: nqljh ^fr txnkdk: frljk vki. dpk pks: vkf.yk eA nk\ 1 leZ Eg.rkr] ,d ijesoj vkgs] ,d ^rh Eg.ts txr ts fnlrs vkgs rs\ vkrk rw T;kyk eh Eg.rksl rks eh pksj dqByk vkyk e;s= txr vkf. rw % rq>k nsg nksUgh ,dip vkgs\ dkj. nksUgh iapegkHwrkRed vkgs\ ex eh eh gk tks qat vkgs] eyk ikfgts] gs ek>s vkgs gs dqBwu vk.ysl= lxGk larkauk vki. vkiY;k vkpkjfopkjkus] cksy;kus] vfHyk"sus] vklhus (kgh Hxoku du Vkdys vkgs vls eyk okVrs\ Hxoarkaiklwu loZ lar jke . vkfn vorkjh iq:" ;kauk vki. vxnh gSjk. du Vkdys vkgs\ vki. t.w R;kauk vkOgku nsr vkgksr dh rqEgh lqAkup nk[ok eyk\ vkEgkyk tks dk; cksA |k;pk rks rqEgh |k\ vkEgh Jo. d\ i. iqUgk vkEgkyk ts dk; djk;ps rs vkEgh d\ mifu"nkaiklwu vusd xza ;k egkRE;kauh vkti;r fyfgys\ rs loZ okpys\ pkj eksBs vkpk;Z >kys\ adjkpk;Z] jkekuqtkpk;Z] oHkpk;Z] eokpk;Z ;kr dks.h }Srh] dks.h fofVk}Srh] dks.h oyk}Srh vls >kys\ R;kaps lxGs xza vkEgh okpwu rs ipoys\ oHkpk;kps q* v}Sr vkf. Hf nksUgh ,d( vlY;keqGs oH la^nk; [wi eksBk ^ek.koj iljysyk vkgs\
50 leZisp opu

lxGk larkauh rks ekU; yk vkgs\ Eg.ts v}Srkpk cksA % rksp eh vkgs gk cksA vkf. iqUgk Hf\ kj xksM Htus Eg.r vlrkr gh eaMGh\ vls lxGs vkpk;Z ksj ksj vkgsr\ R;kaP;k xzakaoj Vhdk fyfgrkuk tk.dkj Eg.rkr] rs pkjgh vkpk;Z ojkps vorkj vkgsr\ ijarq v}Srkpk cksA ,dne gks.kj ukgh gs ykr ?su nql;k vkpk;kuh ^e }Srkpk cksA nsu rs xza lqAkj;kph ijkdkBk yh\ dkgh fBdk.h }Sr dkgh fBdk.h v}Sr ekukos vlsgh R;kauh lkafxrys\ vls eksBeksBs vkpk;Z fuekZ. gksu rs cksA nsu xsys\ gtkjks ikukaps xza >kys\ vki. rs euuiwoZd okpys vkf. euuiwoZd R;kpk R;kx du vkiys vkpj. tlsP;k rls Bsoys\ loZ mifu"nkaps lkj vh Hxonxhrk vkEgh okpyh\ vBjk v;k; eq[ksnxr ys\ R;krhy deZ;ksx] Hf;ksx] ;ku;ksx] Kku;ksx lxGs okpys\ ;( ;ksxsoj# .ks ;( ikksZ AuqAZj# okpys\ vkEgkyk thoukr Jh ikfgts fot; ikfgts vls EgVys\ i. ;k nksu eaMGuk vkEgh dAhp fopkjys ukgh\ ;( ;ksxsoj .# vkEgkyk udks\ ;( ikksZ AuqAZj# H rksgh vkEgkyk udks\ vkEgh ;k nks?kauk cktwyk lku vkeP;k i*rhus Jh feGoyh\ vkEgh lxGs xza ipowu vkeps dkgh lksMys ukgh gs vkeps oSfV\ vh th eaMGh ehi.kus jkfgyh R;kauk leZ pksj Eg.rkr\ vR;ar vkuani thou txkos vlk vki. ^;Ru djrks vkgksr\ tltls gs ^;Ru ;Loh gksrkr rlrlk gk vkiY;keAs vlysyk pksj fu?wu tkrks\ eh dks.h ukgh\ ijekRekp ,d vkgs\ rks ;a(h eh ;a(\ rks lkxj eh rjax ;k rgspk cksA vkiY;kyk gGwgGw gksr tkrks\ T;kauk gk cksA gksr ulsy R;kauk leZ rGeGwu lkaxrkr % ;sd eq; ijeso: nqljh ^fr txnkdk: frljk vki. dpk pks: vkf.yk eA nk\ 4911 eq; rks ijekRek vkgs\ rks ,desokf}rh; vkgs\ i. rqEgkyk tj gs dGr ulsy vkf. txr fnlr vlsy rj nqljh iapegkHwrkRed ^rh vkgs\ rh nsgkldV txrkpk vkdkj Akj. du vkgs\ vkrk T;kyk
Lokeh ek/ouk 51

rw eh Eg.rksl rks frljk pksj vkgs\ ,sl g fl*fp vlrka % lxGk kL(kauh gs fl* du Bsoysys vkgs\ ukfyh ykxs nsgvgark ex nsg vgark jkfgyh dksBs= fopkj du igk\ ikp ros ,d( vkyh vkf. nsg fuekZ. >kY;klkj[k fnlyk\ ros cktwyk dk<yh Eg.ts nsggh ukgh\ dkghp ukgh\ ,sl g fl*fp vlrka ukfyh ykxs nsgvgark ijarq fopkj ikgk tkrka dkagp uls nk\ 4912 rr lr t; t; j?qohj leZ

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52

leZisp opu

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esGkO;kr clrk mBrkuk eksBk vkuan okVrks\ dkj. lkAd JksR;kaleksj cksy.s] fopkjkaps ns.s ?s.s gs v;kRekpsp gks drs] vkf. R;k v;kReke;sp lkjs lq[] lkjs lekAku] vkuan varHwZr vkgs\ nklcksAkrY;k nd lrjk] lekl ikap ;k vtikfui. leklkoj dkgh cksykos vh loZ eaMGph bPNk vkgs Eg.wu gk lekl ?sryk\ 17@5 gk vfr; egokpk lekl vkgs\ lksga cksAkpk] lksga lkAuspk gk lekl vkgs\ uk la^nk;kr th lkAuk pkyr vkysyh vkgs rh fuxqZ. mikluk vkgs gs ^e ykr ?srys ikfgts\ lksga lkAuk gh fuxqZ. mikluk vkgs\ fuxqZ.p lxq. >kysys vkgs\ fuxqZ. vkRero dkgh vkdkj ?su lxq. gksrs] tls rs nk(s;] vkfnuk] Jhjkepa] xksikG.] fujfujkGs lar ;kaP;k vkdkjkus lxq. >kys\ oklp tlk wy Ogkok] xksMhp th lk[j Ogkoh] rh ewG Loikph xksMh ikfgts vlsy rj ;k egkiq:"kauk j. xsY;kus rh feGrs\ uqlrh xksMh EgVys dh vkiY;kyk dkgh dGr ukgh\ i. Jh[aM EgVys dh dGrs\ xksMh dGk;k dkj.s xwG ykxs ns.s xqGkpk [Mk fnyk dh xksMh dGrs\ rls nk(s;kauk] vkfnukkauk j. xsys dh fuxqZ. dGrs\ lxq.kpsfu vkAkj fuxqZ. ikfots fuAkZjs lkjklkj fopkj larlaxs nk\ 6655 ;kp iakph vkeph lkAuk vkgs\ lksga gh fuxqZ. lkAuk vkgs\ R;kykp vga xzgksikluk Eg.rkr\ Eg.ts iw.Z v}Srkpk gk cksA vkgs vkf. gh lkAukgh rhp vkgs\ lksga gk cksA vkgs\ lksga gh lkAuk vkgs\ ;ss lkAuk vkf. lk; nksUgh ,dp vkgs\ oLrqr# lxq.kph mikluk vkf. fuxqZ.kph lkAuk ghns[hy ,dp vkgsr\ jke jke Eg.rk jkefp gksbts % jkeukeh jaxs eu dSph Hwd dSph rgku
Lokeh ek/ouk 53

dSpk jkgs nsgHko uqjs fnkyklh Bko dSph vkAh ph O;kAh vo?h laiyh mikAh fuR; fuokar fuHZ; Lokeh >kyk jkee; % Lokeh Loikuan Eg.ts jkeuke ?sr ?sr Lokeh Loikuan jkeip >kys\ xknoysdj egkjkt jkeip >kys\ lxq. mikluk djk fuxqZ. mikluk djk\ nksUghps lk; ,dp vkgs\ lxq.kiklwu lqjokr du fuxqZ. mikluse;s tk;ps vkgs vkf. rks lfnkuan ^Hwp eh vkgs vlk cksA du ;k;pk vkgs\ dks.rhgh lkAuk djk;ph rj ^e ,dkUrkr clk;yk ikfgts vkf. ekSu Ajk;yk ikfgts\ v[aM yksdkUrkr jkfgys rj lkAuk gks.kj ukgh\ oG ^opus ,sdwu vok ^opus du Hkx.kj ukgh\ uk;ekRek ^opusu y;# u esA;k u cgquk Jqrsu ;esoS" o`.qrs rsu y;LrL;S" vkRek foo`.qrs ruqa Loke tuh lkaxrk ,sdrk tUe xsyk ijh oknosokn rSlkfp Bsyk mBs la;ks okn gk naHAkjh rqVs okn laokn rks ghrdkjh dks.rhgh lkAuk ,dkUrkr clwup djk;ph\ vki. c?k % dks.rsgh lar fnolkps ifgys pkj ikp rkl vkiys vkiY;ktoGp vlrkr\ nso ek>k] eh nsokpk ,goh rks larp ukgh\ rks lkj[kp tj fjr jkfgyk rj lkAuk dh gks.kj= fxjukj ioZrkoj nk(s;kps Lku tj ikfgys rj ykr ;sy dh ,o<k maphoj tss vki. ok;koj mMwu tk dh dk; vls okVrs rss nk(s;kauh lkAuk yh\ ,[k|kyk mijfr >kyh dh ykr ;srs] ,dkUrkr clY;k[sjht lkAuk D; ukgh\ i. ,dkUrkr clwu djk;ps dk; gk ^u iMrks\ leZ lkaxrkr ,dkUr vkf. ekSu nksUgh vko';d vkgs\ 17@5 e;s rs Eg.rkr % ,dohl lglz lkl tik usewu xsyh rs vtik fopkj ikgkrka lksik ldG dkag nk\ 1751 ;sdkarh ekSU; Au cSls lkoA ikgrka dSl Hkls lksga lksga ,sls Cn gksrh nk\ 1757
54 leZisp opu

,dkUrkr Eg.ts vki. ,dVsp ikfgts\ nqljk lkAd toG vlrk dkek u;s\ vkiyh lkAuk >kyh dh ex brj lkAdkacjkscj ksMs fjk;yk gjdr ukgh\ i. ,dkUrkr lkAuk ulrkuk yksdkUr d u;s\ eq; ,dkUr ex yksdkUr\ dkag xYcyk dkgh fuoG ,slk dafBr tkok dkG ts.dfjrka foJkarh osG vki.klh kos nk\ 19929 ,dkUrkr dk; djk;ps= vareqZ[ gksu vkiyk okl dlk pkyyk vkgs rs c?k;ps\ okl gGwgGw deh djk;yk ikfgtsr\ lar oklkou vksG[ys tkrkr\ larkapk okl tksjkus HjkHj pkyr ukgh\ vkiys okl lkAkj.i.s fefuVkyk 15 rs 18 ,o<s iMr vlrkr\ i. lRiq:" tsOgk ,dkUrkr vlrkr rsOgk fefuVkyk 34 njE;kup R;kaps okl pkyysys vlrkr\ R;kapk okl lgtp kar ?sryk tkrks rks dfpr dkG oj Bsoyk tkrks vkf. iqUgk gGwgGw [kyh lksMyk tkrks\ R;k oklkcjkscjp okl ?sr vlrkuk lks vkf. lksMrkuk ga vls vkiksvki pkyw jkgrs\ ;kyk vtikti Eg.rkr\ ;kr eqke ti djk;yk ykxr ukgh Eg.wu ;kyk vtikti Eg.rkr\ vtik uke xk;(h ;ksfxukefi eksnk vL;k# Lej.ek(s. uj# ikiS# ^eqP;rs vu;k lh fo|k vu;k lks ti# vu;k la iq;a u Hwrks u Hfo;fr vls xksjukkauh vkiY;k xzakr EgVys vkgs\ Eg.wu ;k lksga yk vfr; ego vkgs\ l# Eg.ts rks fooO;kid ^Hq vkf. vga Eg.ts gk tho % T;kyk eh eh vls Eg.rks ek>s ?j] ek>k iSlk] ek>h iRuh] ek>h eqys vls Eg.rks i. gk eh dks.= Who am I? eh Eg.ts nsg] eu dk cqf*= eh nsg vls EgVys rj gk nsg iwohZ ygku gksrk] rks vkrk eksBk >kyk\ ;k nsgkyk "Mfodkj vkgsr vkf. nsgp eh vls EgVys dh vki. ukoar Bjrks\ lar lkaxrkr vki. ukoar ukgh\ vki. vkRek vkgksr\ vkRecqf* fup;kph rsfp nk eksJhph
Lokeh ek/ouk 55

vgekRek g dAfp foljk u;s nk\ 51038 T;kph cqf* gks;s ,slh osn of.Zrh r;klh ksfArka ukuk kL(kalh u iMs Bkb nk\ 8829 ,so;Z ,sls rorka ck.s nsgcqf* lksfMrka nsg eh ,sls Hkforka vAksxrh nk\ 8830 rks l# Eg.ts fooO;kid ^Hq vkf. vga Eg.ts ;k nsgke;s nsgkps vfABku vlysyk tho] nksUgh ,dp vkgsr % tlk lkxj vkf. rjax\ ,dkUrkr ekSu Au clrkuk MksGs feVysys vlkosr vkf. kari.s vkiY;k vkre;s tks okl pkyw vkgs frdMs y vlkos\ Afjrka lks lkafMrka ga v[aM pkys lksga lksga ,slh gs vtik ldGklh ijarq dGs tk.R;klh lgt lkaMwu lk;kl iMkp u;s nk\ 17513 ,dkUrkr ekSu Au clY;koj ckgsjps lxGs Cn can\ ckgsjpk dlykgh vkokt vkiY;k vuqlaAkukr ukgh\ vkrk vkiys ,dp vuqlaAku ykxysys vkgs\ vkrk oklkcjkscj pkyysyk rks vR;ar lw{e lksga ouh ,sdk;pk vkgs\ ,dkarkr kar clY;koj vlk Hkl gksrks dh R;k thokps lksga lksga vls v[aM pkywp vkgs\ vkrhy lw{e lksga ouh lkj[k pkyw vlrks\ iq<s rsgh Cn lairkr\ rs Cn lkaMwu cSlyk rks ekSuh Eg.kok Hyk ;ksxk;klkpk xYcyk ;kdkj. nk\ 1759 nk(s;] vkfnuk] xksjuk ;kauh yh rh gh lkAuk vkgs\ ckgsjps Lwy Cn lksMwu vkryk lksga pk lw{e ouh ,sdr jgk;ps\ R;k ouhcjkscj gGwgGw eh fookdkj vkgs vlk cksA gksr tkrks\ ^R;sdkps tUetUekaps ts dk; laLdkj vlrhy R;k^ek.s R;kyk deh tkLr osG ykxsy\ rkfi dks. tj fpdkVhus lkAuk djhy rj gs gksu tky\ ;kyk Nhl o"sZ lkAuk djkoh ykxsy\ lnxqapk vuqxzg >kY;kcjkscj nksu fnolkr lksga galk< >kyk vls gksr ukgh vkf. vls gks.kjgh ukgh\
56

vkti;r

vls

dks.kyk

>kys

ukgh\

xksjukkauh

,dk

leZisp opu

vaxBkoj mHs jkgwu fdrh rip;kZ yh rh R;kaph R;kaukp Bkd vkiY;kyk R;k ekukus R;kauh ekxZ lksik du Bsoyk vkgs\ ekxZ nkuh xsys n;kfuAh lar rs rs.sfp ias pkyks tkrk u iMs xqark dksBs dkag eksMksfu;k ukuk er nsrh fl*kars lkSjlq fuGk Eg.s ,sls lar ikoar xq.lAw rsOgk larkauh ekxZ nk[oyk\ R;k iwohZP;k )f"equuh tks dks.h lkAd fthus lkAuk dj.kj vlsy R;kP;klkBh ekxZ lksik du Bsoyk vkgs\ R;k ekxkZou ljG uqlrs pkyk;ps vkgs\ R;klkBh ^e ,dkUr] ex ekSu vkf. ;ku\ Akor iGr gh lkAuk gks.kj ukgh\ vklhu# lEHokr vls czlw(p vkgs\ lkAuk clwup laHors\ czlw(kaisk vk.[h ^ek. dk;= mifu"nkapk fo"; dup ikaps iapkoUu czlw(s O;klkauh fyfgyh\ clwup mikluk laHors\ ^e nksu rhu rklkaph cSBd ikfgts\ R;k[sjht lnk ;srk tkrk mBr clrk lkAuk gks.kj ukgh\ ;kukph cSBd ^e\ ex ts lw{e Cn vkgsr rs Cn lkaMwu cSlyk nsg LoL vkgs] cqf* LoL vkgs] ex eugh LoL gksu tkrs\ LofLeu fLr# vls R;kyk Eg.rkr\ vki. gs lxGs uhV ykr ?srys ikfgts\ nklcksAkrhy gk vR;ar egokpk lekl vki. fopkjklkBh ?sryk vkgs\ vki. LoL clysyks vkgksr\ nsg LoL vkgs] cq*hgh LoL vkgs\ i. eu LoL ukgh\ eu vR;ar papy vlwu R;kps pkapY; lgtklgth tk.kjs ukgh\ eukps pkapY; jtksxq.keqGs vkgs\ eu gs jtksxq.kP;k [kanh rjGr vls vls EgVys vkgs\ eukyk iSlk] xkMh] caxyk lkj[s dkghrjh ikfgts vkgs gk jtksxq. tk.kj dlk= loxq.kus jtksxq.kyk Nsn tkrks\ lkAs jkg.s] lkAs cksy.s] lkAs fopkj] lkAs vUu] larkaph laxrh] jkeuke] ;ku ;k loxq.kauh reksxq. fu?wu tkrks\ ex eukps pkapY;gh tkrs vkf. ex rks LoL gksrks\ ukghrj ;kuklkBh MksGs feVys js feVys dh fopkj lq\ Eg.wu ;kukph osG Bjysyh ikfgts\ R;kosGh dks.kphgh HsV ;k;ph ukgh\ vxnh iar^Aku vkys rjh ukgh\
Lokeh ek/ouk 57

xq:nso jkuMs ;kaph ,d xksV lkaxrkr\ rs ;kukyk clys vlrkuk R;kosGps jkV_k; MkW\ jkAk.u R;kauk HsV;klkBh vpkud vkys\ dnkfpr vkAh osG Bjysyh vlsygh\ i. ;kukph Ogk dks.kyk ygj ;sy rs lkaxrk ;sr ukgh\ rh vkrwu ;s.kjh LwrhZ vkgs\ vkrwu ;s.kjs fuea(. vkgs\ rs Ogk ;sy rs lkaxrk ;sr ukgh\ ex R;kosGh fdrh oktys] Hkstukph osG >kyh vls dkgh ulrs\ R;k^ek.s jkAk.u HsVk;yk ;k;ps gs xq:nsokauk ekfgrh gksrs\ i. R;kauk ;kukph LwrhZ vkyh vkf. rs nkj ykowu clys\ rs clys rso<kr jkAk.u vkys\ pkSdh Y;koj dGys dh xq:nso ;kukyk clys vkgsr\ R;koj jkAk.u nkjkckgsj gkr tksMwu mHs\ jkV_k; vkf. nkjkckgsj gkr tksMwu mHs\ vls vkgs ;kukps egkRE;\ jko rs jad vkEgkiq<s vls Lokeh Loikuankauh EgVys R;kps dkj. ewG vkReKku ts vkgs rs eufp fLj >kY;k[sjht gksr ukgh\ fp jtksxq.koj vkAkfjr vlY;keqGs jtksxq. tsOgk tky rsOgk ;ku ykxsy\ jtksxq. kj vkfAD;kus vlsy rj ;ku dnkfi ykx.kj ukgh\ iUukl Vs vlsy rj ksMs kj ;ku ykx.s D; vkgs\ i. jtksxq. D;rks ngk ohl Vs brdkp jgkok\ eukyk ,[knh ygj ykxyh vkf. R;k^ek.s rks rkcMrksc djk;yk ykxyk rj letkos ;kyk ;ku dnkfi D; ukgh\ lnk o`h cfgeqZ[ vlsy rj ;ku te.s dBh.\ ijkfp [kfu O;r`.r Lo;aHw# rLekr ijk i';fr ukUrjkReu dfp*hj# ^R;xkRekueS nko`pqje`rRofePNu dBksifu"n ve`rRokph bPNk dj.kjk dks.h ,[knk AS;Zoku iq:" ;k loZ baf;kaph th cfgxkZeh ^o`h vkgs rh vkou ;kukyk clrks] vkf. gs Kku ^kIr du ?srks\ tksi;r nql;kph HkaM.s ,sd;klkBh dku ykac gksrkr] rksi;r gs te.kj ukgh\ lkAdkus ijekZ] ukeLej. ;k[sjht ftHsus dkgh cksyrk dkek u;s\ lkfod vkgkj lsou djk;yk ikfgts\ okVsy rs okVsy R;kP;k gkrps [krk ;s.kj ukgh\ dkj. vlY;k
58 leZisp opu

vkgkjkus ik.hiqjh] HsG oxSjs jtksxq. fnolfnol cfyB gksr tkrks\ eukps pkapY; ok<rs\ jtksxq. deh >kyk dh kari.kus ekSu Au LoL clrk ;srs\ nsg LoL] cqf* LoL] eu LoL\ ex fpfp gkjiys vo?s pSrU;fp >kys gks ns[rk ns[rk vo?s foo ekoGys ikgrk ikgrk vo?s loZLo Bdys eu jkeh jaxys vo?s eufp jke >kys lck v;arjh vo? jkei dknys vls gksu tkrs\ R;klkBh % rw eu g ehfp djh ekf>;k Htu ^se Aj loZ( ueLdkjh et ,dkr Kk\ 9517 lxGk fBdk.h ,dp ijekRek vkgs vlk cksA >kyk dh fp pSrU;i gksrs\ T;k eukpk O;ki vlrks rs eup Loike;s fueXu gksu tkrs\ R;k eukyk rks Nanp ykxrks\ LoikP;k fBdk.h foJkarh vkgs\ brj fBdk.h foJkarh ukgh gs eukyk ,dnk dGys dh rs Loike;sp Mwc nsu jkgrs vh gh ;kukph fLrh vkgs\ rs Cn lkaMwu cSlyk % LoL >kyk\ mifu"ns Eg.rkr % ;nk ipkofrBUrs Kkukfu eulk lg cqf*p u fopsVfr rkekgq# ijeka xfre iap Kkuf;s] desf;s tsOgk euklfgr LoL clrkr] cqf* dlyhgh psVk Eg.ts gkypky u djrk LoL jkgrs R;kyk ijexrh Eg.rkr\ rsOgk eu fLj dj;klkBh jtksxq. rkC;kr vk.k;yk ikfgts\ eu fLj gksrs ;kpkp vZ rs Loike;s Mwc nsu jkgrs\ ,goh eu fLj gks.sp D; ukgh\ eu fLj gks;klkBh rs pSrU;ip Ogk;yk ikfgts\ ckdh dkus eu LoPN dj.kj= ,[k|k me lkc.kuh dksGlk Aqryk rj rks dk; LoPN gksy= R;kyk ,dp ekxZ vkgs\ T;k fu[k;krwu rks vkyk rssp R;kyk Vkdk;pk Eg.ts rks ykyHMd gksrks\ R;kpk dkGsi.k tkrks\ rls eu tj q*] fueZy djk;ps vlsy R;krhy dke] ksA] eRlj] naH bR;kfn fodkj tj dk<wu Vkdk;ps vlrhy
Lokeh ek/ouk 59

rj rs eu Loike;sp yhu djk;yk ikfgts\ rqdksck Eg.rkr rls Ogk;yk ikfgts\ dke ukgh dke ukgh >kyk ikg fjdkek 1 koY;k R;k da psVk fupG Vk cSlksfu 2 ulR;k Nan ulR;k Nan tx fouksns foOgGrls 3 ,dk,d ,dk,d rqdk yksd fujkGk 4 vls tj >kys rj rks euq; dks.kojgh jkxkor ukgh] dke ksA Vkdwu nsrks\ tj dAh jkxok;psp >kys rj vk th eqykoj jkxkors rlk R;kpk jkx vlrks\ ijh vfgr dksiksfu lksi ykyu e tSl iqi fr;s ekrsp Loi tSls dka gks; Kk\ 16123 vk eqykP;k dY;k.klkBh R;kP;koj jkxkors] rls rs brjkaP;k dY;k.klkBh R;kaP;koj jkxkorkr\ ukgh rj jkxorp ukghr\ kar jkgrkr\ eh Lokeh Loikuankauk dAh jkxkoysys cf?rys ukgh\ R;kaP;k eukfo:* dk; ksMk xksVh gksr vlrhy dk= dcgquk larkaps vkf. brj yksdkaps usgehp fculysys vlrs\ lar T;k ikrGhoj vlrkr R;k ikrGhph % R;kaP;k eukph] cq*hph dYiuk lkekU; yksdkauk dnkfigh ;s.kj ukgh\ yksd vkiY;k wVihus larkauk ekstk;yk tkrkr vkf. rh wVih vR;ar rksdMh vlrs\ larkauk vkiijHko ukgh] yksH ukgh\ R;kauk dke ulrks] i. ^se vlrs\ ex R;k ^sekus rs dkgh xksVh djk;yk xsyks dh yksdkauk okVrs rsgh vkiY;klkj[sp ,d vkgsr\ rsOgk nsg LoL >kyk] eu LoL >kys] jtksxq. xsyk] cqf* kar vkgs] Hyrs fup; djhr ukgh] ex % rs Cn lkaMwu cSlyk rks ekSuh Eg.kok Hyk vk rgsus tj dks.h lkAd clyk rj R;koj Kkuksckaph ,d lqanj vksoh vkgs\ jhj okpk ekul fi;kyh rfup;kpk dks ,d ehokpwafu okl u ikgrh vku Kk\ 13604 ^e jhj] eu] okpk ;kauk vkojk;ps vkgs vkf. ex ;kukyk
60 leZisp opu

clk;ps vkgs\ jhj dkghgh djrs vkgs] eu dqBsgh HVdrs vkgs] ok.h dkghgh cksyrs vkgs] vls tj >kys rj fpnkdk Eg.tsp ewfuZ vkdk] n;kdk ;ke;s rs eu ^k.klfgr fLj gks.s] yhu gks.s D; ukgh\ Eg.wu gs loZ lkaHkGkos ykxrs\ gk vtikti lgt vlY;keqGs eqke R;kpk ti djkok ykxr ukgh\ xksjukkaiklwu loZ larkauh gkp ti lkafxryk\ ePNukkadMwu xksjukkauk mins >kyk R;kr rs Eg.kys] eh rqyk ekxZ lkafxryk\ rkfi iq<pk ekxZ nk(s; rqyk lkaxrhy\ Eg.wu xksjuk nk(s;kadMs xsys\ rswu ukuk la^nk; k[ksik[k Kkuksckaiklwu iq<s vk vkysY;k vkgsr\ cgqrsd loZ la^nk;kr lksga lkAuk ;k uk R;k ^dkjs vkysyh vkgs\ lksga rksp eh gh o<h eksBh xksV vkgs\ i. vki. nsgp eh vkf. nsgkyk ykxys rs ek>s\ ckdhps ij vlk vkiY;k cksAkpk vki. ladksp yk\ oLrqr# eh fooO;kid vkgs\ ehp foo O;kiwu jkfgyks vkgs\ ehp ^Hq] ehp Hksk\ vga fg loZ;Kkuka Hksk p ^Hqjso p u rq ekefHtkufUr rosukr'P;ofUr rs H\ xhrk 924 gs foofp ek> ?j ,slh erh t;kph fLj dcgquk pjkpj vki. tkgyk Kk\ 12213 ex ;kghojh ikkZ ekf>;k Htu vkLk rjh r;kr eh ekk eqdqV djh Kk\ 12214 vki. gk lksga cksA du ?s ;k\ la^nk; vusd vlys rjh lka^nkf;d vfHfuos u Bsork vki. loZ eaMGh ,d( ;s ;k vkf. lekps rhus o"kiwohZps vkuanouHqoukps LoIu vki. lkdkj d ;k\ rr lr t; t; j?qohj leZ

Lokeh ek/ouk

61

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[Lokeh
nk\ 8828 ek/ouk ;kaps ckjkerh ;shy ^opu]

Jhlekpk nklcksAklkj[k gk ifo( xza vkf. vki. Hkfod lkAd Jksrs vlk gk nqyZH laxe vkt ;ss vkgs\ ok uqlrk mi;ksxh ukgh\ R;kyk Jksrk ikfgts\ Jksrk Hkfod] Kkuh vlyk rjh mi;ksxh ukgh\ R;kyk okgh rlkp ikfgts\ Jksrk ok nksUgh pkaxys feGkys rj v;kRekpk iwj ;k xzake;s vkgs\ nklcksA] Kkusojh] uk Hkxor] rqdksckaph xkk gs egkjkV_krhy pkj osnp vkgsr\ osn dG.s dBh.\ dkj. osnkaph tquh laLr Hk"k vkgs\ rh lokuk dG.s lqxe] lqyH ukgh\ R;keqGs R;kr vkiyk ^os gks dr ukgh\ Eg.wu larkauh eksBk ikGwi.kus gs pkj xza fygwu Bsoysys vkgsr\ ,sfgd thou vkf. ijekZ ;kaph lkaxM ?ky.kjk nklcksAklkj[k mRV xza nqljk ukgh\ lkAdkauk use vpwd ekxZnZu dj.kjk gk xza vkgs\ ;ss lxGk dYiuk lqLiV du lk;k Cnkr ekaMysY;k vkgsr\ lar dks.kyk Eg.kos= tks tk.sy Hxoar r;k ukao cksfyts lar tks kor vkf. vkor fuokMk djh nk\ 6116 vkrk ;k[sjht nqljh larkaph y.s lkaxk;yk udks\ lar Eg.ts dk; ;kfo";h dks.kP;k eukr Hze] adk vlsy rj ;k vksohps Lej. ys rjh ykr ;sy dh gk lar vkgs] gk lar ukgh\ vkiY;k cq*hus larkaph ikj[ gksr ukgh\ larp larkaph ikj[ d drkr\ rsOgk ksj ksj lar eaMGuh larkafo";h dk; EgVys rs cf?rys Eg.ts lar dks. vkf. brj eaMGh dks. gs ykr ;srs\ kor dk; vkor dk;] lr dk; vlr dk;] .Haxqj dk;] fpjdky fVd.kjs dk; ;kpk fuokMk fufpri.s tks djrks rks lar\ pGsuk <Gsuk nso ,slk T;kpk varHkZo rksfp tkf.ts egkuqHko lar lkAq nk\ 6117 tks tukeA okxs ifj tukosxGh xksVh lkaxs
62 leZisp opu

T;kps varj Kku tkxs rksfp lkAq nk\ 6118 yksdkae;s vlyks dh vki. lgtp lalkjkP;k xksVh cksyk;yk ykxrks\ lar rks tks tuke;s jkgrks] R;kaP;klkj[kp fnlrks\ rkfi rks vk xksVh djr ukgh\ jke. ijegal Eg.r] ek;k lkAdkoLse;s dks.h lalkjkP;k xksVh d ykxyk dh ek;k MksD;kr dkBh ekjY;klkj[s okVr vls\ lalkjkP;k R;kp R;kp xksVh cksywu yksdkauk daVkGk dlk ;sr ukgh= Eg.ts lar lalkjkr vlrkr] i. lalkjkP;k xksVhr jer ukghr vls fnlrs\ lekuh LiV Cnkr larkaph y.s fnyh vkgsr\ Kkusoj egkjktkauhgh larkaph y.s fnyh vkgsr\ i. R;kaph Hk"k dG.s vo?M\ pyka dYiraps vkjo psruk prke.ps xkao cksyrs ts v.Zo ih;w"kps Kk\ 181798 gs lxGs larkapsp o.Zu vkgs\ i. % tks tk.sy Hxoar r;k ukao cksfyts lar ;k lk;k Hk"sr vkiY;kyk lar dGrkr\ nklcksA gk xza lkAdkauk vR;ar toGpk vkgs\ c* dks. rs use lkafxrys vkgs\ gkrh O;kph tiekG dkark;ku loZdkG lRlaxkpk nqdkG ;k ukao c* nk\ 5739 ;k y.kr vki. cjkscj lkiMrks\ voxq.kpk dfu R;kx ts. Afjyk larlax r;kfl cksfyts ex lkAd ,slk nk\ 592 tks larkafl j. xsyk lartu vkokflyk ex rks lkAd cksfyyk xzakarj nk\ 593 minsfy vkReKku rqVy lalkjcaAu <rsdkj. djh lkAu ;k ukao lkAd nk\ 594 lxGs vkiY;k Lor#yk lkAdp letrkr\ i. rs [js ukgh\ voxq.kapk laiw.Z R;kx >kY;kfok; rks lkAd gksp dr ukgh\ lekP;k nklcksAkou gs dGrs\ Eg.wu gk xza iqUgkiqUgk okpkok] R;kpk v;kl djkok\ R;kr ts lkafxrys vkgs rs var#dj.kr
Lokeh ek/ouk 63

eqjo;klkBh iqUgkiqUgk R;kph vko`f djkoh\ vls xza ,dnkp ,sdwu] okpwu Hkxr ukgh\ dkgh eaMGh Eg.rkr dh vkEgh nklcksA] Kkusojh ,dnk okpwu Vkdyh\ i. gs xza uqlrs okpwu Vkd;klkj[s ukghr\ rs okpk;ps] R;kps pru djk;ps vkf. R;ke;s lkafxrys rls gks;kpk vki. ^;Ru djk;pk\ gh vrh vo?M xksV vkgs\ ,goh vlrs vko`fjlnqinskr vls czlw(kauh dkyk lkafxrys

mifu"nkr )f"equuh] Hxonxhrsr Hxoarkauh] Kkusojhr Kkunsokauh] nklcksAkr lekuh] xksr rqdksckauh] Hkxorkr ukkauh lkafxrys R;kP;k iqUgkiqUgk vko`;k djkO;kr\ lsfoyp lsoko vUu ?sryfp ;ko thou rSl Jo.euu yfp djko nk\ 7847 rsp rsp dk; ,sdk;ps vls Eg..s cjkscj ukgh\ vki. ijesojLoi >kY;koj ex ukgh ,sdys rj ,d osG pkysy\ i. 1968 e;s eh ^e ikaolyk xsyks rsOgk iw\ Lokeh Loikuan ^opu ,sdk;yk clys gksrs\ Kkusoj egkjkt Kkusojh lkaxr gksrs] rsOgk fuo`fuk ,sdk;yk clr gksrs\ Eg.ts fuo`fukkaukns[hy iqUgkiqUgk ,sdkosls okVr gksrs\ rsOgk gs xza okpwu Vkdys] ,sdwu lksMys vls Eg..s cjkscj ukgh\ lalkjkyk tls vki. is Au Bsorks rls ijekkZyk vki. Ajr ukgh\ c?w ;k] teys rj d vls EgVys rj vki. vkRei gks dr ukgh\ larkauk vkiY;kdMwu vls vfH^sr vkgs dh vki. q* ijekhZ Ogkos\ nsg ijekh ykfoy rjhp ;kp lkZd tky ukg rjh gs osZfp xsy ukuk vk?kr e`R;ia nk\ 11061 nsg ijekkZyk ykoyk rj R;kps lkZd >kys\ ukghrj nsg gs dkGkps H{; vkgs\ rks Ogkrjh tk.kjp vkgs\ nsg tky tky ;klh dkG ck [ky dka js uqetlh nxMk dps gh ?ksMs okMk larkauh vkiY;kyk nxM EgVys\ br dk vki. nxM vkgksr th eaMGh lkAuk djrkr] lnxzakaps Jo. djrkr] iqUgkiqUgk R;kph
64 leZisp opu

vko`f djrkr rh rnkdkj gks;kpk ^;Ru djrkr\ prus prus rwirk pru djr rks tho ijekRE;kh ,dip gksu tkrks vkf. Lo;eso leZ] uk] rqdksckp gksrks\ vlk gk nklcksA xza vkgs\ ohl nd nklcksA Jo.}kj ?srka ksA euudR;kZl fon ijekZ gksrks nk\ 201031 ohl nd nksuhl lekl lkAd ikgko lkodk foojrka fos"kfos" dGk ykxs nk\ 201032 nklcksA xzakps Jo. Y;kus dk; gksrs R;kps o.Zu djrkuk leZ Eg.rkr\ vkrka Jo. fy;kp G f;k ikyVs rRdkG rqVs la;kp ewG ;sdljka nk\ 1128 ekxZ lkaiMs lqxe u yxs lkAu nqxZe lk;ksT;eqhp oeZ Bkb iMs nk\ 1129 ukls vKku nq#[ Hzkarh h?zfp ;s Kku^kIrh ,slh vkgs GJqrh ;s xza nk\ 1130 vlk gk xza vkgs\ lekps ;k egkjkV_koj egku midkj vkgsr\ ijekZ vkf. O;ogkj ;kph R;kauh lqanj lkaxM ?kywu fnyh vkgs\ Kkuksck Eg.rkr % t;ka ,sfgd AM ukg r;kp ij( iqllh dk ,sfgd lalkjns[hy T;kyk AM djrk ;sr ukgh vlk tks voy.h euq; vkgs] rks tj ijekkZP;k eksBk xksVh uqlR;k rkMkus cksyw ykxyk rj dk; mi;ksx vkgs Kkusoj egkjktkauh gs iqUgkiqUgk LiV ys vkgs\ nsgkrhr oLrq vkgs r rw ijcz ikgs nsglax gk u lkgs rqt fonsgklh nklcksAkP;k vkBO;k ndkrhy vkBO;k leklkrhy gh vksoh vkgs\ vfr; egokph vksoh vkgs\ vkBok nd gk Kkund vkgs\ R;krhy vkBok lekl gk vkRenZu fui. lekl\ iw.Z Kkukpk gk lekl vkgs\ R;krhy gh v^rhe vksoh vkgs\ ;k vksohou ykr ;srs
Lokeh ek/ouk 65

dh leZ dks.R;k cksAkP;k ikrGhoj xsys gksrs\ nsgkrhr oLrq vkgs leZ ^ep lkaxrkr dh nsgkP;k ifydMs vh ,d oLrq vkgs\ lw{e oLrq xzg. djk;yk cqf* vfr lw{e ykxrs\ Lwy cq*hyk gk fo"; xzg.p gksr ukgh\ lkekU; fo";kps Kkuns[hy vtcp vlrs\ ,dkyk fopkjys] ikaMo fdrh= R;kus lkafxrys] cktsP;k [qjkbr rhu vkf. cksVs nk[oyh nksu\ Eg.ts dkghp ekfgrh ukgh\ Lwy Vhyk ts fnlrs R;kfo";h ns[hy vki. fdrh xkAG djrks gs ykr ;srs\ lkAk lalkj djk;pk] i. rksns[hy ukuk ^dkjps xkAG Y;k[sjht gksr ukgh vkf. lar rj Eg.rkr dh oG lalkj dj;klkBh gk ujtUe ukgh\ oG lalkj Y;kus ujtUekps lkZd gksrs vls dks.kgh fopkjoarkus EgVysys ukgh\ nsg] nsgfo";d lxGk xksVh ;k ^R;sdkyk djk;yk ikfgtsr\ i. R;k djr vlrkuk R;krhy lq[nq#[s Hksxr vlrkuk ;k nsgkP;k] lq[nq#[kP;k ifydMs ijekRek ;k ukaokph ,d oLrq vkgs\ R;k ijekRE;kph vki. vksG[ du ;k;yk ikfgts\ rks ijekRek vpy] lukru] lfnkuani vkgs vkf. ror# rksp rw vkgsl\ loZ fopkjoarkauh] lkAqlarkauh ,deq[kus gsp lkafxrys vkgs dh nsgkrhr oLrq vkgs\ i. vh dkgh oLrq vlsy ;kph cgqAk dks.kyk dYiukp ulrs\ yksdkauk okVrs dh gk ,d tUe laiyk dh laiys\ vkrk dlyh oLrq= i. Lwy nsg ;ssp lairks] rlk yx nsg ;ssp lair ukgh\ rlk laiyk vlrk rj cjs >kys vlrs\ i. rls gksr ukgh\ vki. tUeHj ts ts dkgh ys vlsy % gkrkus] ik;kus] MksGkus] ftHsus % ts ikfgys] [ks] cksyys vlsy rs loZ lw{e baf;kaoj] yxnsgkoj ifj.ke du jkgrkr vkf. ex rks tho rdekZ^ek.s moZ dok vAksxrhyk tkrks\ Eg.wu ijesojkyk Lejkos\ ijesojkph mikluk djkoh\ ,o<kp tUe vlrk rj ).a Rok ?`ra ficsr vls >kys vlrs\ ex dq.kpkgh xGk nkck] dq.kykgh yqckMk vkiyh rqacMh Hjyh Eg.ts >kys\ i. rls rs ukgh\ ^R;sdkyk rdekZpk >kMk |kok ykxrks\ rks >kMk fnY;k[sjht dq.h lqV.kj
66 leZisp opu

ukgh\ ;k Lwy nsgkP;k ifydMs lw{e nsg vkgs] dkj. nsg] egkdkj. nsg vkgs vkf. ;k pkjgh nsgkps fujlu Y;kuarj vkRek ;k ukaokph oLrw vkgs\ dkou vkgs= ;kKoYD;] okfYefd] lxGs vkpk;Z] Kkunso] leZ ;kaP;klkj[h ksj ksj eaMGh lkaxr vlrkuk vkiY;kyk adk dkyk= pkjgh nsgkaps fujlu >kY;kuarj nsgkrhr vh ,d oLrq vkgs\ rks vkRek vkgs\ R;kykp ijekRek Eg.rkr\ i. vkiY;kyk R;kP;kh dk; djk;ps= leZ Eg.rkr % nsgkrhr oLrq vkgs r rwa ijcz ikgs R;k ijczkdMs rw igk\ dls igk;ps= nklcksA] Kkusojh] brj '; oLrq ikgrk ;srkr\ i. ';rs RoXz;;k cq*;k lw{e;k lw{enfZfH# vls T;kyk mifu"nkauh EgVys R;kyk igk;ps dls= vkRekjsok VO;# JksrO;ks eUrO;ks fufn;kflrO;# R;k lfnkuan ijekRE;kyk igk;yk ikfgts\ R;k[sjht vkiys thou ly gksr ukgh\ rss ikspY;k[sjht vkiys thou AU; gksr ukgh] vki. lfnkuan gksr ukgh\ vkiY;kyk vkiyk vkuan ^kIr du ;k;pk vlsy rj R;klkBh gs djk;yk ikfgts\ u las frBfr ieL; u pq"k i';fr dpuSue nk euh"k eulkfHDy`Irks ; ,rn fonqje`rkLrs HofUr ijekRek gk MksGkus ikg;kpk] dkukus ,sd;kpk fo"; ukgh\ MksGs dku can du vareqZ[ gksu tks ;kyk ikghy] ;kpk vZ vlk dh tks ;kP;kh lksga cksAkus rnkdkj gksy rksp R;k ijekRE;kyk ikgw y\ cfgeqZ[ gksu R;kyk ikgrk ;s.kj ukgh\ ckgsj fnlrs rh ^R;sdkph ^fr\ dkGkxksjk] L(hiq:"] ek>krq>k gs fnlrs\ ijekRek fnlrp ukgh\ ^rhp fnlrs\ Hxoarkph xq.e;h ek;k fnlrs\ Hxoar fnlrp ukgh\ ijekRE;kyk ^e MksGs feVwu vkr igk;yk ykxrs\ R;klkBh lxGk baf;kaph] eukph ckgsjph Ako can du vareqZ[ gksu kari.s rks lfnkuan Loi ijekRekp eh vkgs ;k cksAke;s clk;yk ykxrs\ gGwgGw vkiY;k eukP;k lxGk o`h yhu Ogk;yk
Lokeh ek/ouk 67

ykxrkr\ R;kuarj R;k ijekRE;kps nZu gksrs\ ^e LoilekAku ikoksfu Bsyk vtqZu losfp m?Mh ykspu rao fooi ns[s Kk\ 11195 ^e Loikps lekAku % Loikuan\ ex MksGs m?Mwu txkdMs igk;yk ykxY;koj R;k O;hph ^fr cktwyk gksrs vkf. loZ fBdk.h ,dp lfnkuan ?u vkRek v[aM] vwV Hu vkgs gs ykr ;srs\ i. tj Loikps lekAku gks;kiwohZp MksGs m?Ms Bsowu ckgsj c?k;yk ykxyks rj foo] lalkj] ek.ls fnlk;yk ykxrhy\ ijekRek fnl.kj ukgh\ Lwy xksVh igk;yk cqf* ykxr ukgh\ i. lw{e ijekRek tj igk;pk vlsy rj R;kpk ekxZ dk;= ijkfp [kfu O;r`.r Lo;aHw# rLekr ijk i';fr ukUrjkReu dfp*hj# ^R;xkRekueS % nko` pqje`rRofePNu dBksifu"n ;k baf;kaph LokHkfod Ako ckgsj vlrs\ fpr dks.h ,[knk ckgsu fV vkr oGorks\ R;k euq;kyk gk fnlrks\ u pq"k x`rs ukfi okpk ukU;SnsZoSLrilk deZ.k ok Kku^lknsu foq*loLrrLrq ra i';rs fudya ;k;eku# MksGkus] ok.hus] baf;kus] rikus vok dekZus R;k ijekRE;kyk ikgrk ;sr ukgh\ ijarq KkukP;k ^lknkus fueZy o ^lUu >kysY;k eukus gk ifjiw.Z vlysyk ijekRek ikgrk ;srks\ ;k fBdk.h ikg.s gh f;k] eh ikg.kjk] T;kyk igk;ps rh ,d ek;k[sjht nqljh oLrq vh f(iqVh uV gksrs vkf. T;kyk igk;ps rks vkf. ikg.kjk ,di gksu tkrkr\ vk vkZus ';rs i';rs gs Cn vkysys vkgsr\ nsgkrhr oLrq vkgs r rwa ijcz ikgs nsgkrhr th oLrq vkgs frps vuqlaAku rw dj vls leZ lkaxrkr\ ?jnkj] iSlk] lalkj ;kps pru iqjs\ gs loZ vlys rj vlw ns\ i. R;kps eeRo ulkos\ ekka ^iapkp oks> ?su Eg.s ek> ek>
68 leZisp opu

cqMrkafg u lksMh qats dqGkfHeku nk\ 3106 gs eh] ek>s lksM vkf. R;k nsgkrhr ijekRE;kps vuqlaAku dj\ dls djhy= eh nsg ukgh] eu ukgh] cqf* ukgh\ R;k nsg eu cq*hP;k vrhr tks ijekRek vkgs R;kyk rw igk\ R;kps vuqlaAku Bso\ bfU;kf. ijk;kgqfjfU;s;# ija eu# eulLrq ijk cqf*;ksZ cq*s# ijrLrq l# H\ xhrk 342 ijekRek tlk lfnkuan rlk thogh lfnkuan\ ijarq thokus eh nsg] eu] cqf* vkgs vls vkiY;koj vkjksfir du ?srys vkgs\ oLrqr# eukP;k dks.R;kgh O;kikjkh] cq*hP;k dks.R;kgh fup;klh ror# ek>k dks.rkgh lacaA ukgh\ nsgkP;k lxGk gkypkyh ek;kh ;Rdfprns[hy lacaA u Bsork gksrkr\ eh oG R;kpk lkh] Vk] ^dkd vkgs\ eyk dGY;kfok; dks.rhgh gkypky gks dr ukgh\ eh gkr Bsoyk] mpyyk eyk dGrs\ eh MksGs feVys] m?Mys eyk dGrs\ gk dG.kjk tks vkgs rks oG ;k lxGk Kku vKkukP;k ifydMyk KfIrek( ijekRek rksp eh lfnkuan vkgs\ R;kps vuqlaAku ckgsu vkr tku djko;kps vkgs\ fdrh osG djk;ps vls fopk udk\ ftrdk osG vlsy frrdk osG djkos\ ldkG] nqikj] la;kdkG] ,dk osGsyk ,d nksu rkl clrk vkys rj clkos\ fuR; use ^kr#dkG ek;kudkG lk;adkG ukeLej. loZdkG djhr tko 433 lalkj fdrh o"sZ djrks= o;kph lkBh ljh vksykaMyh rjh lalkjkrwu eu ckgsj iMr ukgh\ R;keqGs vxnh vkiY;k toG vlysyk ijekRek vkiY;kyk fnlr ukgh\ R;kps vuqlaAku cGsp djkos EgVys rjh rs gksr ukgh\ eh lfnkuan gk cksA gksr ukgh\ ikgs ika nwA ifo( vkf. xksM iklh Ropsfp;k injkvkM ifj rs vOgsfu xksfpM vq* dk; u lsforh= Kk\ 957 lar vkiY;kyk nxM] xksphM dk; dk; Eg.rkr\ i. aHjkr uO;k.o yksdkaph ghp ifjfLrh vkgs\ tks ijekZ djrks rks AU;\ tks eq[kus jke jke] . .] foy foy] Eg.rks] lksga
Lokeh ek/ouk 69

lksga djrks R;kpk vZ R;kyk ijesoj ikfgts vkgs\ i. R;kyk ijesojkps use fBdk. ekfgrh ukgh\ rs fBdk. vkgs n;\ rSlk n;ke; eh jkeq vlrka loZlq[kpk vkjkeq d Hzkarklh dkeq fo";kojh Kk\ 960 rks vkrp vkgs\ ijesoj brdk toG vlwu nwj >kysyk vkgs\ cfgjUrp Hwrkukepja pjeso p lw{eRoknfoKs;a nwjLa pkfUr p rr H\ xhrk 1315 vfo|kdfYir ukeio.Z fos"kdkj vir cqf*okr uke] i] o.Z] vkdkj ;kauh vir cqf* >kY;keqGs vR;ar toG vl.kjk gk vkRekjke nwj vkgs] ijdk vkgs vls okVrs\ oLrqr# R;kP;k brdk toG dks.h ukgh\ vkiyk nsggh R;kP;k toG ukgh\ vki.p rs vkgksr ror# ,dnk rksp eh vls EgVys dh oLrqr# rls Ogk;yk ikfgts\ i. rs gksr ukgh\ Eg.wu iqUgkiqUgk ?ksdk;ps\ l# vga eukr ;srs dh rks l# o<k vkf. eh vga o<klk gks\ i. aHj Hkj lksus vkf. xqatHj lksus gs tls ror# ,d] rjax ygku] i. lkxj vkf. rjax ,d] rlk tho vYiK] vYifeku rjh rks O;kid ijekRE;kh ror# ,di vkgs\ tks tho rlk ,di >kyk] rks lqVyk\ vkiys lkj[s nsgkdMs vuqlaAku vkgs\ eyk dk; ikfgts ;kpkp fopkj\ tjk nsgkyk dkgh >kys dh prk\ ex MkWDVj] vkS"As lq\ i. lar lkj[s rGeGwu lkaxrkr R;k ijekkZP;k okVsyk vki. vtwu ykxyks ukgh] ;kph [ar ukgh\ ijekRek gh oLrw T;k Kkukus fnlrs rs [js Kku\ ckdh loZ vKku\ vkiys ijekRE;kdMs yp ukgh\ nsgkrhr oLrw vkgs r rwa ijcz ikgs nsglax gk u lkgs rqt fonsgklh rw fonsgh vkgsl\ ;k nsgke;s oLrhdj vkgsl\ Hxoar Eg.rkr % eeSokaks thoyks thoHwr# lukru# ehp rks ^R; ;k nsgke;s oLrhdj >kysyks vkgs\ R;kpkp va\ rksp rks\ tls lw;kZps ^frcc vkf. lw;Z ;kr dkgh jd ukgh] rlk
70 leZisp opu

tho nsgkP;k mikAhus uVysyk vkgs\ Eg.wu R;kyk va Eg.kos\ oLrqr# vki. Lo;eso vkRekjke vlrkuk R;k vkRekjkekdMs ikB fjowu tUeHj vki. tso<s O;ogkj ys rso<s lxGs ok;k xsys\ leZ Eg.rkr % tUenkj; vkBoko Egf.ts vo? iMsy Bko ukuk nq#[ ekstko dk;s Eg.ksuh nk\ 1768 vk;q; gGwgGw uV gksr tkrs\ vk;quZ';fr i';rka ^frfnua ;kfr ;a ;kSoua ^R;k;kfUr xrk# iquuZ fnolk# dkyks txd# y{ehLrks;rjxHxpiyk fo|qya thfora rLekUeka j.kxra j.n Roa j jkAquk ijesojk rw ek>s j. dj\ eh rqyk j. vkysyks vkgs\ ek>s lxGs vk;q; uV >kys vkgs\ Jhenk|adjkpk;Z vkiY;k piZVifjdkLrks(kr Eg.rkr % ;kof}ksiktZull rkofUutifjokjks j# ipk*kofr ttZjnsgs okrkZ i`PNfr dksfi u xsgs tfVyks eqMh yqfpr# dk"k;kEcjcgqros"# i';Uufi p u i';fr ew< mnjfufea cgqros"# Hxonxhrk dfpnAhrk xxktyyodf.dk ihrk lnfi ;L; eqjkfjlepkZ rL; ;e# d dq:rs ppkZe Ht xksfoUna Ht xksfoUna Ht xksfoUna ew<ers gh ksj eaMGh vkiY;kyk ew< Eg.rkr\ lar lkaxrkr rls vuqlaAku tj vki. Bsoys ukgh rj dk; gksy= dkgh ukgh\ brjkalkj[s [k.s fi.s] ukVd flusek] xk.h loZ fo"; vki. Hksxw drks\ R;kr dkgh jd iMr ukgh\ Kkuh iq:"kauk yksdkr okojr vlrkuk Kku vlrs dh ehp lfnkuan vkgs\ lkekU;kuk rs Kku ulrs\ gk lar vkf. lkekU; ;krhy jd vkgs\ Kku ulY;kus dk; gksrs vlk ^u dkgh yksd fopkjrkr\ dk; gks.kj tUeHj lq[nq#[kP;k xVkaxGk [kr jkgrkr\ eukyk karh ukgh\ eu
Lokeh ek/ouk 71

lnk O;xz\ fdrhgh iSls vlksr] vkuan ukgh\ ;kps dkj. R;kr ijekZ felGyk ukgh\ tj uke ?sr ^iap djrk vkyk] rksp eh vkgs vls Eg.rk vkys] rh cqf* >kyh rj leZ Eg.rkr\ T;kph cqf* gks; ,slh osn of.Zrh r;klh ksfArka ukuk kL(kalh u iMs Bkb nk\ 8829 ,so;Z ,sl rRorka ck.s nsgcqf* lksfMrka nsg eh ,sl Hkforka vAksxrh nk\ 8830 Eg.wu nsgkrhr tks vkgs rks vkRek\ R;kyk igkos\ oG nsgkdMs ikgwu pky.kj ukgh\ dks.h dkGk vlsy] dks.h xksjk vlsy] dks.h map vlsy] dks.h cqVdk vlsy] gh lxGh mikAh lksMwu |koh\ ,o<sp ukgh rj nsg eu cqf* ghns[hy mikAh lksMwu |koh\ dkj. dks.h ^seG vlsy] dks.h dBksj vlsy] dks.h lqV] dks.h nqV] dks. vgadkjh] dks. fujgadkjh\ ;k lxGk mikAhP;k xksVh vkgsr\ R;kgh lksMwu |kO;k vkf. var;kZeh fu[G lR;] Kku] vuar Loikr vlk tks ijekRek ^R;sdkP;k var#dj.kr okl djrks vkgs R;kps vuqlaAku Bsokos\ dls vuqlaAku Bsok;ps= R;kyk lqanj miek fnyh vkgs Kkusoj egkjktkauh rs Eg.rkr] vkjke;s vki. c?k;yk ykxyks dh vkjkph dkp cktwyk gksrs vkf. vkiyh fV vkiY;kyk ikgrs\ vkjkleksj vki. mHs jkfgyks dh vki.p vkiY;kyk HsVrks\ eAhy dkp fu?wu tkrs\ dkp vki. igkr ukgh\ R;k dkpseAwu vki. ikgrks\ rls dks.h O;f HsVyh js HsVyh dh R;kph th mikAh vkgs rh lksMwu frP;keAwu frP;k vkr ts pSrU; vkgs R;kph HsV gksrs\ ;k mikfAekt xqIr pSrU; vls loZxr r roK lar Lohdkfjrh Kk\ 2126 ckdh lxGh mikAh uV gksrs\ rls dks.hgh O;f HsVyh dh ehp pSrU;i ijekRek R;k pSrU;i ijekRE;kyk HsVrks vkgs vlk cksA gksrks\ ,o<s gs lksis vkgs\ t t HsVs Hwr r r ekfuts Hxoar gk Hf;ksxq fufpr tk. ek>k Kk\ 1018
72 leZisp opu

i. vkiY;kyk Hwrsp fnlrkr\ Hxoar fnlrp ukgh\ tj lqusyk okVsy dh vkiyh lklw gh Hxoar vkgs vkf. lklwyk okVsy dh vkiyh lwu gh Hxoar vkgs] rj irhyk okVsy vkiyh iRuh gh HxorLoi vkgs vkf. iRuhyk okVsy vkiyk irh HxorLoi vkgs] rj iwohZ vkiY;k Hkjrh; laLrhr iRuh irhyk vk;Z Eg.r vls vkf. irh iRuhyk nsoh Eg.r vls\ vkrk mifu"ns] Hxonxhrk] Kkusojh] nklcksA ;k xzakrwu tks q* ijekZ lkafxryk vkgs R;kiklwu vki. P;qr >kyks vkgksr\ [wi [kyh vkyks vkgksr\ nsgkrhr oLrq vkgs T;kyk rh lkiMyh] T;kus rh tk.yh] rks kor lq[kpk Auh >kyk\ esgsjckck Eg.r I am not this body form.
I am the ancient one. ehp rks lukru iq:" vkgs\ Lokeh Loikuan

dnkfi nsgnq#[kus nq#f[r >kys ukghr dok dks.R;k lq[kph bPNk R;kauh yh ukgh\ rs Eg.r nsgkP;k lq[nq#[kifydMs ,d osxGs lq[ vkgs] ,d vkuan vkgs\ tks rs vkR;afrd lq[ tk.w drks] T;kps R;kyk Kku gksrs rks Lo;eso czp gksu tkrks\ czfon czSo Hofr\ ,o<h eksBh fLrh ;k ujnsgkr ^kIr gks.s vkiY;kiSdh dks.kykgh D; vkgs\ T;kauk gh fLrh ^kIr >kyh R;k lekpsp gs mnxkj vkgsr\ ,so;Z ,sls rork ck.s nsgcqf* lksMrk rqyk ,so;Z ikfgts uk ex ,so;Z nsgcqf* lksMwu feGrs\ iSkps ,so;Z ukgh\ Lwy xq.kapsgh ,so;Z ukgh\ rj H tsOgk Hxoarkh ,di gksu tkrks rsOgk Hxoarkps lkjs ,so;Z R;kps gksrs\ tso<s yksd foykP;k ik;koj Mks Bsorkr] R;kisk vfAd yksd KkusojkaP;k ik;koj Mks Bsorkr\ tso<k efgek ia<jhpk rso<kp efgek vkGanhpk\ dklkBh vkGanhpk efgek= Hjkt Kkunso rss vkgsr\ dkus rs Hjkt >kys= nsg eu cq*hP;k iyhdMhy ijekRek R;kauh Bk ikMwu ?sryk\ ;kfp nsgh ;kfp MksGk ikgs Hhpk lksgGk gs vkiY;kiSdh dks.kgh lkAdkyk D; vkgs\ vD; xksV larkauh lkafxryh ukgh\ ^R;koxea AE; lqlq[a drqZeO;e gs ^R; dj;klkj[s
Lokeh ek/ouk 73

vkgs\ djk;yk lq[kog vkf. vkuani vkgs\ ;ku djrkuk dkgh nq#[ ukgh\ myV ;kukus eu kar gksrs\ ,d nhM rkl ;kukyk clY;kuarj eu vkuani gksu tkrs\ vki. R;k lfnkuan ^Hwh ,di gksu tkrks\ lxGs tx folu tkrks\ lR; Kkukuar xxukps ^ko.Z ukg i o.Z xq. tss rks gk Jhgjh ikfgyk foVsojh ikgrs ikg. nqjh lkjksfu;k okpspk mkj u pys lkpkj Loi fufoZdkj dknkVys ukenso Eg.s T;ksrhph futT;ksrh rs gs mHh ewfrZ foVsojh gh T;ksrhph futT;ksrh] R;k ^dkkpk ^dk rL; Hklk loZfena foHkfr R;kP;k ^dkkus gs loZ ^dkfr >kys vkgs\ R;kP;k ^dkkus vkiY;kyk ^dkgh dGrks vkf. vaAdkjgh dGrks\ vki. Eg.rks dk; xMn vaAdkj vkgs] eh fnlrp ukgh\ ve`rkuqHo xzakr ukuk ^dkjkauh gs lkafxrys vkgs\ ,d ykdqMrksMk nqikjh pkj oktrk jkukr xsyk\ nksu rhu rkl ykdMs rksMwu neyk\ tjk foJkarh ;koh Eg.wu iMyk] rks R;kyk xk< >ksi ykxyh\ rks >ksiyk gs lkaxk;yk rss dks.h ukgh\ R;kyk Lor#pk vkBo ukgh dh eh vkgs Eg.wu\ ex vkrk rks vkgs dh ukgh= dks.R;k ikus vkgs= vkrk nsg eu cqf* lxGs yhu >kys vkgsr\ tks fujatu funsyk rks vkf.d ukg nsf[yk vkiqykfg fuekyk vkBoq r;k ve`rkuqHo 433 ex vk fLrhr rks vkgs dh ukgh= vkgs\ rks Loikus vkgs\ fuse;s gs ykr ;sr ukgh dh eh Loikus vkgs\ eyk xk< >ksi ykxyh gksrh ,o<sp uarj ykr ;srs vkf. lekfA voLsr ykr ;srs dh eh fu[G Loi vkgs\ ehp lfnkuan cz vkgs\ eyk lq[ nq#[] unk Lrqrh] iki iq; ukgh\ u iq;a u ikia u lkS;a u nq#[a u eU(ks u rh u osnk u ;Kk# vga Hkstua uSo HksT;a u Hksk fpnkuUni# foksga foksge
74 leZisp opu

vga fufoZdYiks fujkdkjiks foHqO;kZI; loZ( losZfU;kf. lnk es leRoa u eqfuZ cUA fpnkuUni# foksga foksge vlk lfnkuanikus rks v[aM jkgrks\ gh rh nsgkrhr oLrq vkgs\ tss nsg eu cqf* ukgh vh gh voLk\ lq"qIrhdkyh ns[hy gh voLk vkiY;k ykr ;srs\ R;kosGh vki. nsgkP;k vrhr vlw drks\ vkiyk vkBo R;kosGh vkiY;kyk ulrks\ i. vkiyk vkBo jkghy vkf. nsgkrhr vki. gks vh lekfA voLk tj dq.kyk ^kIr gksy rj lekph vksoh vkiY;k ^R;;kyk ;sy\ nsgkrhr oLrq vkgs r rwa ijcz ikgs rw R;kps vuqlaAku dj\ dls djhy= jke jke foy foy Eg.\ ek;k thohph vkoMh ia<jiqjk usu xq<h vls eksBkus Eg.r] ukpr xkr ia<jh vkGanh djr vlyk rjh gh fLrh ^kIr gksy\ nsgHko T;k ;ksxs ftu tkrks\ uV gksrks vk dks.R;kgh lkAuse;s rqEgh vlk\ vki. lxGs djrks] i. nsgHkoklfgr rs gksrs] vkf. gh rj nsgkrhr oLrq vkgs\ vkiY;kyk iqUgkiqUgk nsgHkokpk vkBo gksrks\ ;kukyk clY;kcjkscj tjk dlyk vkokt ?jkr >kyk dh kaps fculys\ iRuhoj] eqykaoj jkxok;yk lqjokr\ eh ;ku djrks vkgs\ dGr ukgh dk rqEgkyk= ;ku du dk; mi;ksx= lkj[k nsgHkokoj vlrksl= Eg.ts nsgHko fdrh cGdV vlrks igk\ vuqlaAku dj;klkj[h ,dp xksV ;k txkr vkgs vkRekjsok VO;# JksrO;ks eUrO;ks fufn;kflrO;# ,dp vkRek vkgs\ R;kpk fufn;kl ;kok\ iSlk] ekuejkrc ;klkj;k xksVpk fufn;kl ;k;pk ukgh\ vkEgh rjh vkl >kyk Vkdksfu mnkl 1 vkrk dks. H; Ajh iq< ej.kp gjh 2 Hyrs Bk; iMk nsg rqjax gk p<k 3 rqep rqEgkaik vkEgh vkgk tSl rSl 4
Lokeh ek/ouk 75

xsys ekukeku lq[nq#[kp [aMu 5 rqdk Eg.s fp ukg okxohr [arh 6 xknhoj clwu ^opu ys vok nxMkoj clwu ^opu ys rj ^opukr jd dk; iM.kj= eku vieku ;k ojojP;k xksVh vkgsr\ ;k eukyk rh dkgh der ukgh\ dkhe;s uk egkjktkauk EgVys] ,o<s lqanj jkek;. vki. fyfgys\ rsOgk ;k jkek;. xzaklg vkiyh ghou fejo.wd dk<w ;k\ R;koj uk Eg.kys] ;k jkek;.kps [js ego vkgs\ rks xza ghoj Bsow ;k\ eh rqeP;k cjkscj pkyr R;kP;k ikBhekxwu ;su\ larkauh gk nsgHko >M>Mwu Vkdysyk vlrks\ rfj >M>Mksfu ofgyk fu? b;s Hhfp;s okVs ykx ft;k ikolh vO;ax futAke ek> Kk\ 9516 HhlacaAh lkaxrkuk lekuh nklcksAkr ,d yksd ?sryk vkgs\ Jo.a dhrZua fo.ks# Lej.a iknlsoue vpZua oanua nkL;a l;ekRefuosnue uoeh Hf vkRefuosnu u gksrka u pq tUeej. nk\ 4925 lekuh LiV lkafxrys % vkRefuosnukps y. vkA ikgko eh dks. ex ijekRek fuxqZ. rks oksG[kok nk\ 8813 je. egf"Z Eg.rkr] Find out who am I? eh dks. rs ksAwu dk<k\ ex ijekRek vkf. eh nksUgh lfnkuan\ rhp rh vkReoLrq vls lkj[s vuqlaAku Bsok\ rw fonsgh vkgsl\ rqyk nsgkph vklf] nsgkpk lax ksHr ukgh vh gh vksoh vkgs\ nsgkrhr oLrq vkgs r rwa ijcz ikgs nsglax gk u lkgs rqt fonsgklh tks dks.h tudkleku fonsgh >kyk rks ;k lxGk txkps oSHo Hksxr jkgrks] rks fudke vlrks\ dke ukg dke ukg >kyk ikg fjdkek 1
76 leZisp opu

koY;k R;k d psVk fupG Vk cSlksfu 2 ulR;k Nan ulR;k Nan tx fouksn foOgGrls 3 ,dk,d ,dk,d rqdk yksd fujkGk 4 vlk rks vlrks\ dkeukp ukgh dlyh fudke deZ;ksx\ R;kph th th desZ vlrkr rh fudke vlrkr\ vki. nsokiq<s gkr tksMys dh vkiyh ekx;kaph ,d ;knhp r;kj vlrs\ iRuh vktkjh vkgs rh nq:Lr gks ns\ frps ek>s ter ukgh rs tew ns\ eqys ,sdr ukghr rh ,sdk;yk ykxw nsr\ ukuk ^dkjP;k ^kZuk\ Hxoarkauh ;kaP;klkBh dk; dk; djk;ps= vkf. ex ;kauh dk; djk;ps= ,d doMh |k;ph vkf. R;k czk.kdMwu lxGkaph ^k;fps du ;k;ph\ vk ^dkjph dqfo|k cktwyk Vkdyh ikfgts\ ,so;Z rs dh T;kosGsyk HxoUukeladhrZu eq[krwu ;srs\ ,so;Z rs tsOgk dks.h ,[knk ;kukyk clrks\ fdrh ;ku ykxys gs egokps ukgh\ dls jkeuke ?srks gs egokps ukgh\ eq[kus jkeuke vkys dh rks eq vkgs\ rks Ogkuk Ogk rjh eq gks.kj\ nsokfp;s }kjh mHk .Hjh rs.s eqf pkjh lkfA;sY;k vkiyk lalkj ikBhekxs Vkdwu .Hj gkr tksMwu tks nsokiq<s mHk jkghy rks Ogk uk Ogk pkjgh eqpk Auh >kY;k[sjht jkg.kj ukgh\ rsOgk vh th nsgkrhr oLrq ijekRek R;kps lkj[s vuqlaAku djkos\ R;kusp ,so;Z ^kIr gksrs] vls eksBk rGeGhus nklcksA] Kkusojh lkj;k xzakrwu larkauh lkafxrys vkgs\ rqdksck Eg.rkr] ;ktlkBh yk gksrk vkgkl soVpk fnl xksM Ogkok 1 vkrka fuprhu ikoyks folkok [qaVfy;k Akaok r`.sfp;k 2 lkZd okVs >kfy;k opkp ukao eaxGkp rs. xq. 3 rqdk Eg.s eqf ifjf.yh uksojh vkrk fnol pkjh [sGesG 4 dls oSHo vkgs c?k vk ^dkjpk Hko] vls Kku] vlk cksA vkiY;k lxGkauk gks y\ vki. ^;Ru ek( fthus ys ikfgtsr\ R;klkBh lalkj Vkdwu ns;kps dkj. ukgh\ lalkjR;kx u dfjrka ^iap mikAh u lkafMrka
Lokeh ek/ouk 77

tuke; lkZdrk fopkjfp gks;s nk\ 6924 rLekr fopkj djkok nso dks. rks vksG[kok vkiyk vki. ksA ;kok var;kZe nk\ 497 nso dlk vkgs= lfnkuan\ lr Eg.ts tUeej.jfgr\ fpr Eg.ts pSrU;e;] tk.hoe;] vkf. vkuane;\ rksp eh vkgs vlk lksga cksAkus iw.Z cksA < >kY;kcjkscj ;kp tUeh eqhpk lksgGk c?kok\ vkuanfuHZj thou txkos\ lalkjgh gksrks vkf. ijekZgh gksrks\ lgt gksrks] dkgh vo?M ukgh\ rh cqf* vkiyh gksoks\ lekpk nklcksA vki. iqUgkiqUgk okpw ;k\ euu d ;k vkf. nsgkrhr oLrq gksu jkgw ;k\ rr lr t; t; j?qohj leZ

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78 leZisp opu

Lokeh ek/ouk

79

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