SCIENCE PHYSICS

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SCIENCE PHYSICS

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SCIENCE PHYSICS
Surname

Name

AMERICAN ACADEMY LARNACA

YEAR 4 FINAL EXAM
Science/Physics
Unit 1: Universal Physics

Higher Tier

Thursday 16 May 2013

Time: 1 hour

You must have:

Calculator, ruler

Total Marks

Instructions
Use black ink or ball point pen.
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your Surname and Name.
Answer all questions.
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
there may be more space than you need.
Information
The total mark for this paper is 60.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality
of your written communication will be assessed
you should take particular care with your spelling, punctuation and grammar,
as well as the clarity of expression, on these questions.
Advice
Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
Keep an eye on the time.
Try to answer every question.
Check your answers if you have time at the end.

SCIENCE PHYSICS

1. A student uses a converging lens to make an image of the Sun.

(i)

Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
The lens forms a real image of the Sun at P, where the light rays cross.
The distance d is the
(1 mark)
A
B
C
D

(ii)

focal point
focal length
object length
object distance

Radiation from the Sun includes some infrared waves.

The lens bends infrared waves less than it does ordinary light.
Label, with an R, a place on the diagram where the infrared rays could cross.

(1 mark)
[Total for Q1 = 2 marks]
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SCIENCE PHYSICS

2. A cluster is a group of galaxies.

The image shows a section of the Virgo Cluster.

(i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (

A galaxy is

) in the box next to your answer.

(1 mark)

A
B
C
D

an interstellar explosion
a collection of stars
a collection of planets
a black hole

(ii) The Virgo Cluster is about 50 million light years away from Earth.
Our Sun is about 150 million km away from Earth.
Why are these two distances measured in different units?
(1 mark)
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(iii*) The photograph shows a nebula and many stars.

A nebula is a cloud of gas and dust from which stars are formed.
Describe the energy changes involved when a main sequence star forms from gas and dust and
how the mass of a main sequence star will affect what the star finally becomes.
(6 marks)
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[Total for Q2 = 8 marks]
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3. The Earths atmosphere absorbs electromagnetic radiation.

The diagram shows how the amount absorbed changes with wavelength.

(i)

How much of the visible light from space is absorbed as it passes through our
atmosphere?
Put a cross ( ) in a box to show your answer.
(1 mark)
A
B
C
D

0%
10%
90%
100%

(ii)

Large telescopes which collect visible light to explore the Universe are usually placed near the
tops of mountains.
Suggest why radio telescopes do not have to be placed high up a mountain.
(1 marks)
.................................................................................................................................................

(iii)

The electromagnetic radiation from most galaxies has a red-shift.

Suggest why, when a galaxy has a very large red-shift, some of its visible light is not detected through
the Earths atmosphere.
(2 marks)
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[Total for Q3 = 4 marks]

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4. (a) Complete the sentences by putting a cross (

) in the box next to your answer.

(i) All electromagnetic waves are

(1 marks)
A
B
C
D

longitudinal and have the same amplitude in a vacuum

longitudinal and have the same speed in a vacuum
transverse and have the same amplitude in a vacuum
transverse and have the same speed in a vacuum

(ii) All electromagnetic waves have both uses and dangers.

Their potential danger increases when
(1 marks)
A
B
C
D

frequency decreases and wavelength decreases

frequency increases and wavelength decreases
frequency decreases and wavelength increases
frequency increases and wavelength increases

(b) Some microwaves have a frequency of 1.5 1010 Hz.

They travel at a speed of 3.0 108 m/s.
Calculate their wavelength.
(3 marks)
.......
.......
wavelength =........................ m
[Total for Q4 = 5 marks]
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5. (a) Some students carry out investigations with an electric motor.
Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
The students read the statement: All the energy supplied to the motor eventually ends up as thermal
energy in the surroundings.
This statement best describes the idea of
(1 marks)
A renewable energy
B energy efficiency
C sustainable energy sources
D conservation of energy

SCIENCE PHYSICS

(b) The graph shows the input energy the motor needs to lift different loads by one metre.

What can you conclude from the graph about the relationship between the load lifted and the input
energy needed?
(2 marks)
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(c)

The lights on a bicycle can be powered by a battery or a dynamo.

power = voltage current
(i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
Power can be defined as

) in the box next to your answer.

(1 marks)

A
B
C
D

current per second

energy per second
frequency per second
voltage per second

(ii) The 9 V battery in a bicycle light produces a current of 0.35 A.

Calculate the power supplied to the light by the battery.
(2 marks)
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power = ...................................................... W
[Total for Q5 = 5 marks]
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6. The diagram shows the National Grid system.

The National Grid includes step-up transformers.

Explain why.
(4 marks)
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[Total for Q6 = 4 marks]

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7. Earthquakes are sometimes caused when plates in the Earths crust move.
The diagram shows some corks floating on water.

(a) Explain how this model of corks on water could be used to demonstrate what causes the Earths plates
to move.
You may add to the diagram to help with your answer.
(3 marks)

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SCIENCE PHYSICS

(b) The movement of the Earths plates can cause earthquakes.

The charts give information about the waves arriving at three research stations from the same earthquake.

(c) State two differences between P-waves and S-waves.

(2 marks)
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(d) A student suggested that the time between the arrival of the P-wave and the S-wave was
proportional to the distance of the station from the earthquake.
Use the charts to evaluate whether this is correct or not.
(3 marks)
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[Total for Q7 = 8 marks]
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8. When this bicycle wheel turns the dynamo, it generates electricity.

A dynamo contains a magnet moving near a coil of wire.

The diagram below shows a magnet moving near a coil.

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(a) When the magnet is just entering the coil the pointer on the meter points to the
number 2 as shown.

(i) The magnet stops moving and remains inside the coil.
Draw an arrow on the meter below to show the position of the pointer now.
(1 mark)

(ii) The magnet now moves out of the coil at the same speed as before.
Draw an arrow on the meter below to show the position of the pointer just as
the magnet leaves the coil.
(1 mark)

(b)

The dynamo is then connected to a data logger.

The data logger is connected to a computer.
The wheel on the bicycle turns at a steady speed.
The computer screen displays the following graph.

(i) The wheel on the bicycle now turns faster.

On the same axes, draw the graph of output against time at this new speed.
(2 marks)

SCIENCE PHYSICS

(ii) What evidence does the graph provide to show that the output is alternating?
(1 mark)
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[Total for Q8 = 5 marks]
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9. (a) A wood burning stove is used to heat a room.

(i) The fire in the stove uses wood as a fuel. The fire heats the matt black metal case of the stove.
The air next to the stove is warmed by infrared radiation.
How does the design of the stove help to improve the rate of energy transfer by infrared
radiation?
(2 marks)
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(ii) Burning 1 kg of wood transfers 15 MJ of energy to the stove. The stove then transfers
13.5 MJ of energy to the room.
Calculate the efficiency of the stove.
Show clearly how you work out your answer.
(2 marks)
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...................................................................................................................................
Efficiency =

SCIENCE PHYSICS

(b)

In some countries, infrared rays from the Sun are used to cook food.
Light and infrared rays are both focused using a converging mirror.

(i) State what happens to the rays at S.

(1 mark)
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(ii) Explain why the light rays and infrared rays converge towards the same point.
(2 marks)
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(iii)The infrared waves travel at a speed of 300 000 km/s.
They take 500 s to travel from the Sun to the Earth.
Calculate the distance between the Earth and the Sun.
(3 marks)
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distance = .................................................................. km
(c) In winter electricity is also used for heating. A 2.6 kW storage heater is switched on each day between
midnight and 7 am. Between these hours electricity costs 20p per kilowatt-hour.
Calculate the weekly cost of using the storage heater.
(3 marks)
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Cost =

[Total for Q9 = 13 marks]

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SCIENCE PHYSICS

10. The diagram shows the apparatus that a student used to investigate the heating effect of different
wavelengths of light.

(a) (i) What process happens at the point labelled X on the diagram?
(1 mark)
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(ii) The student put thermometer D outside of the light spectrum.
Suggest why.
(1 mark)
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(iii)The table gives the position and reading of each thermometer 10 minutes after the
investigation started.

What should the student conclude from the data in the table?
(2 mark)
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SCIENCE PHYSICS

(b) A similar investigation completed in 1800 by the scientist Sir William Herschel led to the discovery of
infrared radiation.
Suggest how the student could show that the spectrum produced by the glass prism has an infrared region.
(2 mark)
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[Total for Q10 = 6 marks]
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[Total marks for paper = 60 marks]

SCIENCE PHYSICS

MARK SCHEME
Question
Number
1.(i)
1.(ii)
2.(i)
2. (ii)

2. (iii*)

3. (i)
3. (ii)

3. (iii)

Answer

Acceptable answers

B
R marked on the axis
to the right of P
B
Any one from:
1 light year (lyr) is much bigger than a km
the galaxy
Virgo Cluster is much further from Earth
than the Sun
to keep the numbers (reasonably)
understandable
Description including some of the following
points:
gravitational (potential) energy kinetic
energy
kinetic energy thermal
energy/heat/light
[core] hot enough to cause nuclear fusion
He fuses to H releasing huge amounts of
energy
more massive stars fuse helium more
quickly/shorter lifetimes
become red giants/supernova/etc.
B
radio waves are not
not affected by light
absorbed by the
pollution / clouds
atmosphere
Explanation
they are microwaves
including two of the cannot be (easily)
following:
detected on Earth we
needed to go above
1 mm waves are
in the microwave atmosphere / into
space
region
which is
(completely)
absorbed by
atmosphere
space flight
enabled
telescopes to be
put above
atmosphere /in
space

Mark
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)

1-2 marks

3-4 marks

5-6 marks
(1)

(1)

(2)

SCIENCE PHYSICS

Question
number
4.(a)(i)
4. (a)(ii)
4.(b)

Answer
D
B
3.0 108 [m/s] = 1.5
1010 [Hz]

= 0.02 (m)

5.(a)
5.(b)

5.(c)(i)
5.(c)(ii)
6.

7.(a)

7.(c)

7. (d)

Acceptable answers

Mark
(1)
(1)

Give full marks for

correct answer, no
(1)
working Allow
substitution and
(1)
transposition in either
order if clear Ignore
powers of 10 until
(1)
evaluation e.g. 3/1.5
2 marks = f/c (0)
then 1.5/3 1 mark
bald 1.5/3 0 mark 2
10-2 (m) ignore
formula triangle

D
as load increases
energy needed
increases
at increasing rate/not
proportional
B
0.35[A] x 9[V]=
3.15 [W]
Step-up transformer increases V and
decreases I reducing power loses in cables
For given P more V means less I/use of P=IV.
Less I [in cables] means less power loss
heating surroundings
An explanation
labels on diagram
linking the following corks as crust / water
points
as magma /lava
corks as plates /
reference to heat in
water as mantle (1)
the Earth arrow on
water heated
diagram
(underneath) (1)
convection
currents mentioned
P-waves are longitudinal but S-waves are
transverse
P-waves can travel through solids and liquids
but S-waves only through solids
Some measurement[s] of S-P times
S-P/distance ratios shone to be constant or
similar

(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1-2 marks
3-4 marks

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)

SCIENCE PHYSICS

Question
Number
8.(a)(i)

Answer

Acceptable answers

8.(a)(ii)

pointer at 2

8.(b)(i)

curve drawn with: higher maximum current

(1) shorter time period (1)

8.(b)(ii)
9.(a)(i)

between +ve and -ve

Matt black surface
is good radiator

Mark

pointer at zero

(1)

(1)

above and below 0

9.(a)(ii)

9.(b)(i)
9.(b)(ii)

9.(c)

10.(a)(i)
10.(a)(ii)
10.(a)(iii)

10.(b)

90%
reflected
An explanation linking the following points:
laws of reflection / equal angles
same for both types of wave
Full marks for correct
answer, no working
d = 150 000 000
2.6[kW] x 7[h] = 18.2 [kWh]
7 x 18.2k[Wh] = 127.4[kWh]
127.4 [kWh] x 20p/kWh = 25.48
refraction
dispersion
room temperature
control
all colours cause an increase in
temperature/transfer energy
red/longer wavelengths transfer more
place a thermometer above/beyond red
measure even higher temperature

(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

SCIENCE PHYSICS