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Module Title

Introduction to AutoCAD
For Electrical Engineering Students
















4/29/2010
FKE UTeM
sulaimansabikan


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Contents







CHAPTER 1. Introduction 6
CHAPTER 2. Exploring the AutoCAD Interface 7
CHAPTER 3. Drawing Setup in AutoCAD 11
CHAPTER 4. Starting A New Drawing 15
CHAPTER 5. Basic Drawing 18
CHAPTER 6. Organizing A Drawing Through Layers 22
CHAPTER 7. Modifying AutoCAD Drawing 23
CHAPTER 8. Text 28
CHAPTER 9. Dimensioning 30
CHAPTER 10. Block Creation in AutoCAD 32
CHAPTER 11. Plotting Your Drawing 35
CHAPTER 12. Template Drawing Creation 37
CHAPTER 13. Isometric Drawing 38
CHAPTER 14. Engineering Drawing 39


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Thanks to:

























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Module Planning: Introduction to AutoCAD for Electrical Engineering Students


DAY 1
CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 9

DAY 2
Exercise 1 : Setup Drawing, Geometric Drawing, Basic Drawing, Basic Editing
Exercise 2 : Basic Drawing, Editing, Layer, Text, Dimension
Chapter 10 CHAPTER 12
Exercise 3 : Basic Drawing, Editing, Layer, Text, Dimension, Block
Exercise 4 : Drawing Setup, 2D Drawing, Editing, Layer, Text, Dimension, Block

DAY 3
Exercise 5 : Setup Drawing, Geometric Drawing, Basic Drawing, Basic Editing
Exercise 6 : Basic Drawing, Editing, Layer, Text
CHAPTER 13
Exercise 7 : Simple Isometric Drawing
Exercise 8 : Using Template, Title Block, Basic Drawing, Editing, Layer, Text, Dimension


DAY 4
CHAPTER 14
Assignment 1 : Electrical Engineering Drawing I using AutoCAD (Assessment 1)
Assignment 2 : Electrical Engineering Drawing II using AutoCAD (Assessment 2)

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Learning Outcomes

After completing this course, students (or participants) will be able to:

1. Navigate and configure the
AutoCAD Interface.

2. Use the drawing commands,
editing commands and dimensions
command in the development of an
engineering drawing.

3. Use the precision drafting tools,
layer functions, text functions,
block functions, plot functions, title
block, template, isometric
functions and layout views in the
development of an engineering
drawing.

4. Develop an electrical schematics
drawing, electrical layout drawing,
instrumentation/electrical circuits
and also simple isometric drawings.


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CHAPTER 1. Introduction
1.1 What is AutoCAD?
AutoCAD is a CAD (Computer Aided Design or Computer Aided Drafting) software application for
2D and 3D design and drafting.

1.2 Developer?
Autodesk (http://www.autodesk.com/autocad)

1.3 Sold by?
Autodesk.

1.4 Version?
1982 (AutoCAD Version 1.0)
1997 (AutoCAD Release 14)
2010 (AutoCAD 2011)

1.5 Application Areas
#Architecture, Engineering & Construction
#Automotive & Transportation
#Education
#Government

#Manufacturing
#Media & Entertainment
#Utilities & Telecommunications
1.6 The AutoCAD Family
AutoCADGeneral, all-purpose design
AutoCAD LTProfessional 2D drafting and detailing
AutoCADArchitectureArchitectural design
AutoCADMEPMechanical, electrical, and plumbing
design
AutoCADMechanicalManufacturing design
AutoCADElectricalElectrical controls design

AutoCADMap 3DSpacial data creation and
management
AutoCADCivil 3DCivil engineering and BIM
AutoCADP&IDProcess plant design
AutoCADPlant 3DPlant design

1.7 Website?
www.autodesk.com.my

1.8 File format?
.dwg

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CHAPTER 2. Exploring the AutoCAD Interface
2.1 Starting AutoCAD
J ust double-click on the AutoCAD short cut in the Windows desktop.
2.2 AutoCAD graphics screen
2.2.1 AutoCAD Classic

2.2.2 3D Modeling
Available in AutoCAD 2007 and above.

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2.3 AutoCAD Program Window
The AutoCAD program window is divided into six parts:
Menu bar
Toolbars
Drawing area

Command window
Status bar
Dashboard

2.3.1 Menu bar
Cascade menu Dialogue boxes Fly-out menu

2.3.2 Toolbars


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2.3.3 Drawing area

2.3.4 Command window and Status bar

2.3.5 Dashboard

Only available in AutoCAD 2007 and above.


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2.4 Opening an Existing Drawing

Open a drawing
Select objects
Delete objects
Use dynamic input to enter commands
Zoom and pan
Find more information on using AutoCAD (F1)

Note : DWG Free Viewer Software: Convert drawings to other AutoCAD version.


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CHAPTER 3. Drawing Setup in AutoCAD
3.1 Use a drawing template to start a drawing
When you use a template file, new drawings created from the template automatically use the
settings defined in the template. This saves you setup time and helps to make sure each drawing
you create follows your companys CAD standards.
Drawing template files have a .dwt file extension.

Some of the settings stored in drawing template files include;
Unit type and scale (precision)
Title blocks/borders, blocks, and logos
Layer names
Snap, grid, and ortho settings
Grid limits
Annotation styles
Linetypes

3.2 Set the drawing units
Before you start a drawing, you must first decide what drawing units to use. In AutoCAD,
distances are measured in drawing units. In a drawing, one drawing unit may equal one inch, one
millimeter, one meter, or one mile.
Before you begin drawing, you decide what one drawing unit will represent. AutoCAD does not
include a setting that determines the length of a drawing unit.

After you decide what drawing units to use, you can set the format of the drawing units. The
format settings available for linear units include
Architectural. A length of 15.5 units displays as 1-3 1/2
Decimal. A length of 15.5 units displays as 15.5000
Engineering. A length of 15.5 units displays as 1-3.5
Fractional. A length of 15.5 units displays as 15 1/2
Scientific. A length of 15.5 units displays as 1.5500E+01
For example, a mechanical engineer who works in millimeters would set the format for linear
units to decimal. An architect who works in feet and inches, would set the format to architectural.

The drawing unit format controls only the display style of the drawing units on-screen, such as in
the display of coordinates and values in the dialog boxes and prompts.

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To set the format of the drawing units


3.3 Drawing Limits

A0 : 841mm x 1189 mm
A1: 594 mm x 841mm
A2 : 420 mm x 594 mm
A3 : 297 mm x 420 mm
A4 : 210 mm x 297 mm
3.4 Set the plot scale
When you plot a drawing, you either specify a precise scale or fit the image
design to the current paper size.
For example, a distance of one drawing unit typically represents one millimeter or one meter in a
metric drawing, while one inch or one foot in real-world units are common in an imperial drawing.


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To plot using a scale.

3.5 Understanding the Model Space and Paper Space
There are two distinct working environments or spaces, in which you can create objects in a
drawing, model space and paper space.
Use the tabs at the bottom of the drawing area to access model space and paper space. Use the
Model tab for model space, and use one or more of the Layout tabs for paper space.

Model Space Paper Space

In model space, you draw a model of your subject at 1:1scale. In paper space, you can create one
or more layout viewports, dimensions, notes, and a title block to represent a drawing sheet.

You can switch between model space and paper space.
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You can use layout viewports to access model space from within paper space. A layout viewport
is like a picture frame containing a photograph of the model in model space.

You can set a viewport to a specific scale.


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CHAPTER 4. Starting A New Drawing
4.1 To start a drawing from scratch with the Create Drawing dialog box
The Create New Drawing dialog box is displayed under the following conditions:
You set the STARTUP system variable to 1(on).
You set the FILEDIA system variable to 1(on).
You click New on the File menu or Qnew on the Standard toolbar when no drawing
template file is specified in the Options dialog box.
Start from Scratch
Use a Template
Use a wizard



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4.2 Specify Drafting Setting
Snap
Grid
Polar Tracking
Object Snap
Dynamic Input



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CHAPTER 5. Basic Drawing
5.1 Command
A commad is an AutoCAD function used to perform some task. Command can be activated by;
Menu
Toolbar button
Keyboard Command line
Command abbreviation
Alt key

5.2 Line
With LINE, you can create a series of contiguous line segments.

Coordinate System point.
Absolute Coordinate
x,y
Polar Coordinate
@distance,direction
Relative Coordinate
@x,y
Direct distance Entry

5.3 Circle
You can create circles in several ways. The default method is to specify the center and the radius


5.4 Polygon
You can create rectangles and regular polygons quickly. Creating polygons is a simple way to
draw equilateral triangles, squares, pentagons, hexagons, and so on.





I C
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5.5 Hatch Pattern
You can hatch an area using a predefined hatch pattern, define a simple line pattern using the
current linetype, or create more complex hatch patterns. One type of pattern is called solid,
which fills an area with a solid color.










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5.6 Arc
You can create arcs in several ways. With the exception of the first method, arcs are drawn
counterclockwise from the start point to the endpoint.



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5.7 Ellipse
The shape of an ellipse is determined by two axes that define its length and width. The longer axis
is called the major axis, and the shorter one is the minor axis.

5.8 Rectangle
Use RECTANG to create closed polylines in a rectangular shape. You can specify the length, width,
area, and rotation parameters. You can also control the type of corners on the rectanglefillet,
chamfer, or square.



5.9 Polyline
A polyline is a connected sequence of line segments created as a single object. You can create
straight line segments, arc segments, or a combination of the two.

Multisegmented lines provide editing capabilities unavailable for single lines. For example, you
can adjust their width and curvature. After you've created a polyline, you can edit it with PEDIT or
use EXPLODE to convert it to individual line and arc segments.



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CHAPTER 6. Organizing A Drawing Through Layers
Layers are like transparent overlays on which you organize and group different kinds of drawing
objects. The objects you create have common properties which include colors, linetypes, and
lineweights. An object can inherit these properties from the layer it is drawn or placed on, or
properties can be specifically assigned to individual objects.

You can group objects with similar properties together on to a layer. This allows you to modify
and manage multiple objects in your drawing from one central point. Changing the property for a
layer, will update the property for all objects on the layer.




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CHAPTER 7. Modifying AutoCAD Drawing

7.1 Erase
You can erase objects from your drawing using several methods.

Erase them with ERASE.
Select them and then cut them to the Clipboard with CTRL+X.
Select them and press DELETE.
7.2 Copy
You can create duplicates of objects at a specified distance and direction from the originals. Use
coordinates, grid snap, object snaps, and other tools to copy objects with precision.

7.3 Mirror
You can flip objects about a specified axis to create a symmetrical mirror image.
Mirroring is useful for creating symmetrical objects because you can quickly draw half the object
and then mirror it instead of drawing the entire object.
You flip objects about an axis called a mirror line to create a mirror image. To specify this
temporary mirror line, you enter two points. You can choose whether to erase or retain the
original objects.


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7.4 Offset
OFFSET creates a new object whose shape parallels the shape of a selected object. Offsetting a
circle or an arc creates a larger or smaller circle or arc, depending on which side you specify for
the offset.
You can offset
Lines
Arcs
Circles
Ellipses and elliptical arcs (resulting in an
oval-shaped spline)
2D polylines
Construction lines (xlines) and rays
Splines


7.5 Array
You can create copies of objects in a rectangular or polar (circular) pattern called an array.

For rectangular arrays, you control the number of rows and columns and the distance between
each. For polar arrays, you control the number of copies of the object and whether the copies are
rotated. To create many regularly spaced objects, arraying is faster than copying.
7.5.1 Rectangular Arrays

7.5.2 Polar Arrays

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7.6 Move
You can move objects at a specified distance and direction from the originals.
Use coordinates, grid snap, object snaps, and other tools to move objects with precision.

7.7 Rotate
You can rotate objects in your drawing around a specified base point.
To determine the angle of rotation, you can enter an angle value, drag using the cursor, or specify
a reference angle to align to an absolute angle.

To rotate an object

1. Click Modify menu Rotate.
2. Select the object to rotate.
3. Specify the base point for the rotation.
4. Do one of the following:
Enter the angle of rotation.
Drag the object around its base point and specify a point location to which you want
to rotate the object.
Enter c to create a copy of the selected objects.
Enter r to rotate the selected objects from a specified reference angle to an absolute
angle.



7.8 Scale and Stretch
You can resize objects to make them longer or shorter in only one direction or to make them
proportionally larger or smaller.
You can also stretch certain objects by moving an endpoint, vertex, or control point.

7.8.1 Scale with Reference
To scale an object by reference

1. Click Modify menu Scale.
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2. Select the object to scale.
3. Select the base point.
4. Enter r (Reference).
5. Select the first and second reference points, or enter a value for the reference length.

7.9 Trim and Extend
You can shorten or lengthen objects to meet the edges of other objects.

This means you can first create an object such as a line and then later adjust it to fit exactly
between other objects.

Objects you select as cutting edges or boundary edges are not required to intersect the object
being trimmed. You can trim or extend an object to a projected edge or to an extrapolated
intersection; that is, where the objects would intersect if they were extended.

If you do not specify a boundary and press ENTER at the Select Objects prompt, all displayed
objects become potential boundaries.


7.10 Break to Point and Break
You can break an object into two objects with or without a gap between them. You can also join
objects to make a single object.


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7.11 Chamfer and Fillet
A chamfer connects two objects with an angled line. It is usually used to represent a beveled edge
on a corner.

A fillet connects two objects with an arc that is tangent to the objects and has a specified radius.









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CHAPTER 8. Text
8.1.1 Single-Line Text
Command : TEXT

For short entries that do not require multiple fonts or lines, create single-line text. Single-line
text is most convenient for labels.



%%d : simbol darjah ()
%%p : simbol campur/tolak ()
%%c : simbol diameter ()
%%% : simbol peratus (%)
%%o : buat garisan atas teks
%%u : Buat garisan bawah teks

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8.1.2 Multiline Text
For long, complex entries, create multiline, or paragraph text. Multiline text consists of any
number of text lines or paragraphs that fit within a width you specify; it can extend vertically to
an indefinite length.

Regardless of the number of lines, each set of paragraphs created in a single editing session
forms a single object, which you can move, rotate, erase, copy, mirror, or scale.

There are more editing options for multiline text than there are for single-line text. For example,
you can apply underlining, fonts, color, and text height changes to individual characters, words,
or phrases within a paragraph.




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CHAPTER 9. Dimensioning
Dimension styles are the main method used to control the way dimensions look. Using styles you
can change the text font, the arrow head style, the relative position of the text, the scale of
dimensions and many other parameters. Styles are created using the DIMSTYLE command.

9.1 Dimension Styles
Here is a list of the parts of a dimension along with their descriptions.
Dimensions have several distinct elements: dimension text, dimension lines, arrowheads,
and extension lines.


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9.2 The Dimension Style Manager
Creates new styles, sets the current style, modifies styles, sets overrides on the current style, and
compares styles.


Lines
Symbols and Arrows
Text
Fit
Primary Units
Alternate Units
Tolerances

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CHAPTER 10. Block Creation in AutoCAD
10.1 Creating and Inserting a Symbol
To save a drawing as a symbol, you use the Block tool, that can be saved and recalled at any time.
You can also use entire existing files as blocks. Block usually consists of smaller components of a
larger drawing. Typical examples include doors and windows for floor plants, nuts and bolts for
mechanical assemblies and resistor and transistor for electrical schematics.

BLOCK - Creates a block definition from objects you select.


WBLOCK - Writes objects or a block to a new drawing file.
Write Block command creates a block similar to to the process used in the BLOCK command.
However, this will write the objects directly to a location on the hard disk, which allows the block
to be inserted in any type of drawing file.
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Ps: EXPLODE - Breaks a compound object into its component objects.


INSERT Places a drawing or named block into the current drawing.



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GRIP
You can specify whether a block displays a single grip or multiple grips.
You can specify whether a selected block reference displays a single grip at its insertion point or
displays multiple grips associated with the objects grouped within the block.
Menu >Tools >Options >Selection >Grips >Tick the Enable grips within blocks





































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CHAPTER 11. Plotting Your Drawing
11.1 Configuring a Plotter

11.2 Plotting in Paper Space

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11.3 Plotting in Model Space


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CHAPTER 12. Template Drawing Creation
A template is a drawing file that includes some of the following settings:
Unit type and precision
Drawing limits
Snap, Grid, and Ortho settings
Layer organization
Title blocks
Dimension and text styles
Linetypes
Common blocks
Plotter setting

Template files have the extention .dwt.


AutoCAD has template which conform to several drawing conventions, including;

a. ANSI
b. DIN
c. Gb
d. ISO
e. J IS

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CHAPTER 13. Isometric Drawing
Isometric drawings simulate a 3D object from a particular viewpoint by aligning along three
major axes.
By setting the Isometric Snap/Grid, you can easily align objects along one of three isometric
planes; however, although the isometric drawing appears to be 3D, it is actually a 2D
representation. Therefore, you cannot expect to extract 3D distances and areas, display objects
from different viewpoints, or remove hidden lines automatically.
If the snap angle is 0, the axes of the isometric planes are 30 degrees, 90 degrees, and 150
degrees. Once you set the snap style to Isometric, you can work on any of three planes, each with
an associated pair of axes:
Left. Aligns snap and grid along 90- and 150-degree axes.
Top. Aligns snap and grid along 30- and 150-degree axes.
Right. Aligns snap and grid along 30- and 90-degree axes.

To turn on an isometric plane
Click Tools menu Drafting Settings.
In the Drafting Settings dialog box, Snap and Grid tab, under Snap Type, select Isometric
Snap.
Click OK.
You can cycle through the three isometric planes by pressing F5.

F5

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CHAPTER 14. Engineering Drawing
An engineering drawing, a type of technical drawing, is created within the technical drawing
discipline, and used to fully and clearly define requirements for engineered items.

Technical Drawing disciplines,
Lines style and Types
Dimension Techniques and tolerance
Scales
Multiple views and projections
Sectional View Isometric Projection
Orthographic projection
Isometric projection
Auxiliary projection
Symbols and Conventions
Computer-Aided Drafting

ISO 128 is an international standard (ISO), about the general principles of presentation in technical
drawings.

Engineering drawings created by computer-aided design (CAD).

Electrical Engineering Drawing
1. Wiring schematic drawing
2. Electrical floor plants and panel layouts
3. Motor electrical schematics
4. Interconnection drawings
5. Cable/conduit plans


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Sample of Engineering Drawing for Electrical Services


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Example of Schematic Wiring Diagram for Single Storey House printed with Title Block.



















































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Example of Schematic Wiring Diagram for Single Storey House










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Example of Electrical Fitting Layout for Single Storey House




















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Example of TV Schematic Diagram for Single Storey House


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Example of Telephone Schematic Diagram for Single Storey House






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Pelan Susunatur Lampu dan Kipas Tingkat Bawah Rumah Banglo



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Schematic Consumer Unit 60A TPN 4 Way, Tingkat Bawah





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DC Machine
















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Exercise 1
BASIC GEOMETRICAL OBJ ECT AND ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS
LAYER :
Layer Color Linetype
0 White Continuous
Objek White Continuous
Cline Red Center
Dimension Cyan Continuous
Hline Yellow Hidden
Text White Continuous



























Use as scale : L =5 cm.








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Exercise 2-A
TELEPHONE SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

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Exercise 2-B
TV SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM



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Exercise 03
DC CURRENT MACHINE


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Exercise 04
Ceiling Fan


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Exercise 5
Drawing Legend
Draw and make block, apply layer.




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Exercise 6
CADANGAN MEMBINA DAN MENYIAPKAN 4 UNIT BENGKEL BERKEMBAR 1 TINGKAT DAN 12 UNIT BENGKELTERES1 TINGKAT,
DIKAWASAN IKS PULAU SEBANG LOT PT 1611 DAN1612 MUKIM PULAU SEBANG DAERAH ALOR GAJAH MELAKA.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM








































LIGHTING & POWER






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Example: Complete Drawing












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Exercise 7
Isometric




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Exercise 8
CADANGAN MEREKABENTUK, MEMBINA DAN MENYIAPKAN J ETI NELAYAN,
BALAI NELAYAN, GERAI IKAN BAKAR DAN LAIN-LAIN YANG BERKAITAN SECARAREKA DAN BINA (DESIGN AND
BUILD) DI MUKIM SERKAM, DEARAH J ASIN MELAKA UNTUK TETUAN PERBADANAN KEMAJ UAN NEGERI MELAKA.

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