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VJCET

MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS LABORATORY

PREPERATION OF PSYCHROMETRIC CHART


AIM i) To prepare a psychrometric chart ii) To determine the psychrometric property of air inside the laboratory using slings psychrometer. APPARATUS Slings psychrometer PRINCIPLE Psychrometry is the study of properties of mixture of air and water vapour. This subject is important in actual practices because atmospheric air is not completely dry, but a mixture of air and water vapour. The properties of air water mixture are known as psychrometric properties. 1. Dry air :- It is a mixture of N2,O2 and other gases 2. Moist air :- It is a mixture of dry air and water vapour 3. Dry bulb temperature :- It is the temperature of air measured by an ordinary thermometer. It is denoted by t. 4. Wet bulb temperature :- It is the temperature of air measured by a thermometer when its bulb is covered with a wet cloth and is exposed to a current of moving air. It is denoted by tw. 5. Dew point temperature(DPT) :- It is the temperature of air in which water vapour in air starts condensing. Dew point temperature is equal to the saturation temperature corresponding to partial pressure of water vapour. 6. Specific humidity or humidity ratio:- It is the ratio of mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air. w = (mv / ma) = (0.622 Pv) / (P-P1v) Where P = Total pressure = 760 mm of Hg. Pv = Partial pressure of water vapour. 7. Relative humidity (R.H) :- It is defined as the ratio of partial pressure of water vapour to saturation pressure. = Pv / Ps Carries equation Pv = Psw --- [( P-Pw) x (t tw) x 1.8] / [2800-1.3(1.8t + 32)] Where Psw = saturation pressure of water vapour corresponding to tw ( t and tw are in C)

PREPERATION OF PSYCHROMETRIC CHART

VJCET 8. Enthalpy of moist air.

MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS LABORATORY

Specific enthalpy of moist air is given by h = 1.005t + w (2500+1.88t) KJ/Kg d.a

METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION 1. Along the X-axis mark DBT starting from 0C to 50 C 2. Along the right Y-axis ,mark specific humidity starting from 0 and with an increment of 0.025 Kg wa/Kd.a 3. On the left Y-axis, mark partial pressure of water vapour (Pv) corresponding to the humidity ratio marked using the relationship w = (mv / ma) = (0.622 Pv) / (P-P1v) Where P-atmospheric pressure (1.01325 bar) 4. To draw 100% Relative humidity (RH) lines. For each value of DBT, the saturation pressure of water vapour is obtained from the steam table and mark on the graph. These points are joined to obtain the 100%RH line other RH curves are plotted using relation. RH = Pv/ Ps (20%,40%,60% and 80% RH lines) 5. To draw Wet bulb temperature (WBT) lines. WBT lines are plotted using the relation Pv = Psw --- [( P-Pw) x (t tw) x 1.8] / [2800-1.3(1.8t + 32)] Where, Psw is the saturation pressure corresponding to WBT. Select a suitable value of DBT and WBT, Psw can be obtained from the steam table corresponding to tw calculate the value of Pv using the relation and locate the point (t,Pv) on the graph. Join this point with WBT on the saturation curve to get the required WBT line (5,10,15,20,25C WBT lines) 6. To draw Constant enthalpy lines. These are plotted using the equation h = 1.005 t + w(2500 + 1.88 t) KJ/Kg d.a. For drawing constant enthalpy line first assume a value for h say 10 KJ/Kg d.a. Then assume a value for w say 0.002 Kg w.a/Kg d.a and find the corresponding value of t . Locate the point on the graph .Assume another value for w and find the corresponding t for the same value of enthalpy and locate the point. Joint the two points to get the enthalpy lines. Enthalpy lines are drawn along the same direction as that of WBT lines since WBT is an index of total heat content. PREPERATION OF PSYCHROMETRIC CHART 2

VJCET

MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS LABORATORY

7. To draw Specific volume lines. We have Pa * Va = RT Where R-Gas constant (287 J/Kg) and T temp. in K. Assume Va = 0.8 and at any two temperature (DBT) find Pa Value and the corresponding Pv values are obtained from the relation Pv = P-Pa. Pa and Pv values are calculated and points are plotted this gives specific volume lines.

SAMPLE CALCULATION 1. To find partial pressure of water vapour for set no Humidity ratio w = .Kg wv/Kgda ,P = 1.01325 bar w = (0.622 Pv) / (P-P1v) Pv = 2. To draw RH curve : Set no. Assume DBT = 5C 100% Ps = . (From steam table) 80% Pv= 60% Pv= 40% Pv= 20% Pv= = = = = bar bar bar bar bar

3. To draw WBT line : Set no. Assume t w =10C t = 15 C Psw = .bar (from steam table) Partial pressure of vapour Pv = Psw --- [( P-Pw) x (t tw) x 1.8] / [2800-1.3(1.8t + 32)] = bar.

PREPERATION OF PSYCHROMETRIC CHART

VJCET

MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS LABORATORY

4. To draw constant enthalpy line at h = .. KJ/Kg. Assume w1 = .Kg wv/Kg da , w2 = Kg wv/Kg da h = 1.005t + w (2500 + 1.88t) t1 = = C C

t2 = = 5. To draw constant specific volume line

Assume Va = . m3/Kg. t1 = K, t2 = .K, R = 287 KJ/Kg K Pa Va =RT Pa1 Va = Rt1 Pa2 Va = Rt2 Pa1 = .. bar Pa2 = .. bar Pv1 = P-Pa1 = = . bar Pv2 = P- Pa2 = = .. bar OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS Dry bulb temperature DBT = C Wet bulb temperature WBT = C To find the partial pressure of water vapour Sl.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Humidity Ratio (w) Kgw.v/Kg d.a Pv x 10 -3 bar

PREPERATION OF PSYCHROMETRIC CHART

VJCET To draw WBT lines Sl.no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 To draw RH lines Sl.no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 DBT C

MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS LABORATORY

Assume tw(C) t(C)

Psw *10-3 bar

Pv *10-3 bar

Pv for RH curves 80% 60% 40% 20% -3 -3 -3 -3 *10 bar *10 bar *10 bar *10 bar *10-3 bar

Ps

To draw constant enthalpy lines Assume Sl.no Enthalpy (h) KJ/Kg w1 Kgwv/Kgda w2 Kgwv/Kgda Temperature t1 t2 (C) (C)

PREPERATION OF PSYCHROMETRIC CHART

VJCET

MECHANICAL MEASUREMENTS LABORATORY

To draw constant specific volume lines Sl.no Va Assume M3/Kg t1(K) t2 (K) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 RESULT

Pa1 bar

Pa2 bar

Pv1 Pv2 *10-3 bar *10-3 bar

The required psychrometric chart is prepared. The psychrometric properties of air inside are as given below. Dry bulb temperature DBT Wet bulb temperature WBT Psychrometric property Dew point temperature Specific enthalpy Specific volume Humidity ratio Relative humidity Vapour pressure =.. = . From std.chart . .

From drawn chart . . . .. .. ..

INFERENCE The psychrometric chart is prepared. A small deviation can be found out between the psychrometric properties as read from the actual chart and drawn chart. This is mainly due to the approximations used in preparing the chart.

PREPERATION OF PSYCHROMETRIC CHART

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