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of repose Unit weight of concrete Unit weight of Backfill material Bearing capacity of soil Co-efficient of internal friction Partial factor of safety Grade of concrete Yield stress of steel Cover provided Dimensioning of retaining wall: Height of stem Thickness of stem Spacing of counterforts Thickness of counterfort Toe width Base width Heel width Base slab thickness Height of retaining wall Active earth pressure co-efficient Height of backfill at the end of base slab Height of backfill at the end of base slab+base slab Active Earth Pressure Horziontal Component Vertical component Weight of earth fill SBC FOS fck fy C h L b1 B b2 H Ka EL EL 590 578 14 deg 30 deg 25 kN/m 150 kN/m 0.58 1.5 20 N/mm2 2 415 N/mm 0.04 m 12 0.50 4.00 0.40 2.00 7.50 5.00 0.85 12.85 0.367 13.247 14.097 802.53 m m m m m m m m m m m kN (Act at 1/3 of H) (Act at end of Heel) EL 578.00
A
3
EL 590.00 0.50
W4` W5` W1
22 kN/m3
2
12
W3
2
W2
C D
5.00 0.85
B
(Assume)
4 6
We Wh Wv W3
Stability Analysis: Assume of 1m strip of retaining wall for stability analysis: S.No 1 2 3 4 5 Load W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 Description Weight of stem Weight of base slab Weight of earth Fill Earth pressure Earth Pressure Total Vertical load Total Horizontal load Unit kN kN kN kN kN Total W P Magnitude Vertical Horizontal 150.00 159.38 1388.57 778.69 194.15 1892.09 kN 1892.09 kN 778.69 kN Distance from point A 2.25 3.75 5.00 4.70 7.50 Resisting moment 337.50 597.66 6942.83 1456.13 9334.11 Overturning moment
3658.99 3658.99
13.247
Factors of safety: Against oveturning: FOS Against sliding: FOS Eccentricity calculation: 403.77 322.97 302.78 m > < 150 150 100.79 7.50
B
2.55 1.40 z e
403.77 kN/m2 Pmin At Heel 100.79 kN/m2 Upward Pressure not exceding the Bearing capacity of soil Design of stem: Pmax Pressure Intensity Factored Pressure Factored Moment Thickness required Effective depth provided Area of steel required Dia of bar Spacing required Distribution reinf: Dia of bar Spacing required Check for Shear: Shear Force at the base Shear stress devoloped Area of steel provided Percentage of steel provided Allowable shear stress Check for development length: M/V+L Ld M/V+LLd Point of contraflexure: 1213 940 mm mm P Pu Mu dreqd deff Ast
f
103.82 kN/m 2 155.73 kN/m 207.64 kNm 0.274 m 0.46 m 1330 mm2/m 20 mm 150.00 mm 2 552 mm /m 12 mm 200.00 mm
2
Horizonatal reinf
Vertical reinf
For fixed support with udl the point of contraflexure occurs at 0.211*L, so the main reinforcement has to be extended upto pt of contraflexure from both the supports. At mid, 3/4 th of reinforcement shall be provided. Point of contraflexure: 1.00 m Since it may be difficult for detailing of reinforcement the same reinforcement shall be provided at both the tension and compression face Also main reinforcement shall be reduced at the top
Design of Toe Slab: Maximum Bending moment acting on the toe slab is calculated by considering moments of all forces about the point c S.No 1 3 Load Wup1 W6 Description Upward Pressure (ACEF) Weight of Toe slab Unit kN kN Total Maximum working moment Factored moment Thickness required Effective Thickness Provided Area of steel required Dia of bar Spacing required Distribution reinf: Dia of bar Spacing required Area of steel provided Magnitude Vertical Horizontal 726.74 -42.50 684.24 711.17 1066.76 0.62 0.81 4073 25 100.00 972 16 200.00 Distance from point C 1.04 1.00 Moment about C 753.67 -42.50 711.17 kNm kNm m m mm2/m mm mm (Parallel to the length of retaining wall)
Ast3
Ast4
mm2/m mm mm 2 4908.739 mm /m
(Parallel to counterfort)
Percentage of steel provided Check for Shear: (Toe Slab) Critical section for shear is at d distance from face of the stem. Shear Force Shear Stress Allowable shear stress
1.19 m from A
Design of Heel Slab: Maximum Bending moment acting on the toe slab is calculated by considering moments of all forces about the point b Weight of soil on strip Self weight of heel slab Total doward force Upward pressure Net Downward Pressure Maximum negative moment Factored Moment Depth Provided Area of steel requried Minimum reinforcement required Dia of bar Spacing required Percentage of reinforcement provided Distribution reinforcement: Area of steel required Dia of bar Spacing required Check for Shear: Shear force developed Shear stress developed Allowable shear stress Design of counterforts: Thickness of counterfort Top width of counterfort Bottom width of counterfort Inclination angle of counterfort Depth from face of the stem Effective depth of counterforts Maximum bending moment Factored Bending moment Area of steel required Min reinforcement required Dia of bars No. of bars f n 277.71 kN/m2 21.25 kN/m2 298.96 kN/m2 100.79 kN/m2 kN/m2 kNm kNm m 2 1406.00 mm /m 2 972 mm /m 25 mm 100.00 mm 0.61 % 198.17 264.23 396.35 0.81
2 972 mm /m 16 mm 200.00 mm
V v c
Check for Shear: Shear force Percentage of steel provided Allowable shear stress Curtailment of Counterfort bars: Half the bars shall be curtailed at distance of Connection between counterfort and stem: Horizontal force Factored Force Steel required Dia of bar required Spacing required Connection between counterfort and Heel slab: Tension transferred in 1m width of counterfort near the heel Factored force Steel required Dia of bar required Spacing required Design of shear Key: Co-efficient of passive pressure Upward pressure near the key Let depth of shear key Width of the shear key Passive pressure developed Total passive pressure Weight of earthfill in the key Self weight of the key FOS against sliding Cost Estimation: Cost compuatation for counterfort spacing S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Component Stem Base Slab Counter forts Steel in Stem Toe Slab Heel Slab Counterfort (1 No.) C/s area m2 6.00 6.38 30.00 d' V v Pt c
0 5.50 m 916.97 kN 0.45 N/mm2 0.65 % 0.53 N/mm Safe 3.64 m from top . 339.24 508.86 1409.40 mm2/m 20 mm 200.00 mm 693.61 kN/m2 1040.41 kN 2881.64 mm2/m 20 mm 100.00 mm
2
Kp P a Kp*P Pp *a Wa W
Rate
Rs/m3 4500.00 4500.00 4500.00 45000.00 45000.00 45000.00 45000.00 Total cost
Top level of retaining wall Bottom level of counterfort Surcharge angle Angle of repose Unit weight of concrete Unit weight of Backfill material Bearing capacity of soil Co-efficient of internal friction Dimensioning of retaining wall: Height of stem Thickness of stem Spacing of counterforts Toe width Base width Heel width Base slab thickness Active earth pressure co-efficient
EL EL
0.4
SBC
0.5
H L b1 B b2 Ka
m m m m m m m
(Assume)
1.5
4.1
(Surcharge angle)
Stability Analysis: Assume of 1m strip of retaining wall for stability analysis: S.No 1 2 3 4 Load W1 W2 W3 W4 Description Weight of stem Weight of base slab Weight of earth Fill Horizontal earth pressure Unit kN kN kN kN Total W P Magnitude 100.00 105.00 738.00 300.00 1243.00 Distance from Heel 1.70 3.00 3.95 3.33 Resisting moment 170.000 315.000 2915.100 3400.10 Overturning moment
1000.00 1000.00
Total Horizontal load Total Vertical load Factors of safety: Against oveturning: FOS Against sliding: FOS
943.00 kN 300.00
3.40 1.57
Safe Safe
10.00
0.70
Design of counterfort retaining wall: Top level of retaining wall Bottom level of counterfort Surcharge angle Angle of repose Unit weight of concrete Unit weight of Backfill material Bearing capacity of soil Co-efficient of internal friction Partial factor of safety Grade of concrete Yield stress of steel SBC FOS fck fy EL EL 590 582 0 deg 20 deg 25 kN/m
3
EL 590.00 0.50
W4`
18 kN/m3 400 kN/m2 0.50 1.5 25 N/mm2 2 500 N/mm 0.04 m 8 0.50 3.00 0.40 0.75 5.00 3.75 0.50 8.50 0.490 8.000 8.500 318.81 m m m m m m m m m m m kN
W5`
312.2917931
W1
8
W3
EL 582.00
A
0.75
W2
C D
3.75 0.50 5
B
Cover provided C Dimensioning of retaining wall: Height of stem h Thickness of stem Spacing of counterforts L Thickness of counterfort b1 Toe width Base width B b2 Heel width Base slab thickness Height of retaining wall H Ka Active earth pressure co-efficient Height of backfill at the end of base slab Height of backfill at the end of base slab+base slab We Active Earth Pressure Horziontal Component Vertical component Weight of earth fill Wh Wv W3
Toe 6250 (Assume) Safe 5 4.075 4 2.926 0.545 0.859 3.0 0.210 0.790 0.137 0.050 (Act at 1/3 of H) (Act at end of Heel) 3.101 0.016 0.127 1.526 4 6
Heel
50
Stability Analysis: Assume of 1m strip of retaining wall for stability analysis: S.No 1 2 3 4 5 Load W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 Description Weight of stem Weight of base slab Weight of earth Fill Earth pressure Earth Pressure Total Vertical load Total Horizontal load Unit kN kN kN kN kN Total W P Magnitude Vertical Horizontal 100.00 62.50 540.00 318.81 0.00 702.50 kN 702.50 kN 318.81 kN Distance from Resisting Overturning point A moment moment 1.00 100.00 2.50 156.25 3.13 1687.50 2.83 903.30 5.00 0.00 1943.75 903.30
8.000
Factors of safety: Against oveturning: FOS Against sliding: FOS Eccentricity calculation: 312.29 260.75 226.40 m < < 400 400 0.83 -31.29 5.00
B
2.15 1.10 z e
Pmax 312.29 kN/m2 Pmin At Heel -31.29 kN/m2 Upward Pressure not exceding the Bearing capacity of soil Design of stem: Pressure Intensity Factored Pressure Factored Moment Thickness required Effective depth provided Area of steel required Dia of bar Spacing required Distribution reinf: Dia of bar Spacing required Check for Shear: Shear Force at the base Shear stress devoloped Area of steel provided Percentage of steel provided Allowable shear stress Check for development length: M/V+L Ld M/V+LLd Point of contraflexure: 987 940 mm mm P Pu Mu dreqd deff Ast
f
70.60 kN/m2 2 105.90 kN/m 79.43 kNm 0.152 m 0.46 m 404 mm2/m 20 mm 150.00 mm 2 552 mm /m 12 mm 200.00 mm 564.8147672 282.4073836 282.4073836 1035.49374 547.85319
Horizonatal reinf
314.15927 775
1.28597194
Vertical reinf
150.82 kN 2 0.30164 N/mm 2 2094.40 mm /m 0.42 % 2 0.45400 N/mm Safe L=12*dia or depth whichever is greater IS456:2000
For fixed support with udl the point of contraflexure occurs at 0.211*L, so the main reinforcement has to be extended upto pt of contraflexure from both the supports. At mid, 3/4 th of reinforcement shall be provided. Point of contraflexure: 0.75 m Since it may be difficult for detailing of reinforcement the same reinforcement shall be provided at both the tension and compression face Also main reinforcement shall be reduced at the top
Design of Toe Slab: Maximum Bending moment acting on the toe slab is calculated by considering moments of all forces about the point c S.No 1 3 Load Wup1 W6 Description Upward Pressure (ACEF) Weight of Toe slab Unit kN kN Total Maximum working moment Factored moment Thickness required Effective Thickness Provided Area of steel required Dia of bar Spacing required Distribution reinf: Dia of bar Spacing required Magnitude Vertical Horizontal 214.89 -9.38 205.52 79.48 119.23 0.19 0.46 612 25 100.00 552 16 200.00 Distance from point C 0.39 0.38 Moment about C 83.00 -3.52 79.48 kNm kNm m m mm2/m mm mm (Parallel to the length of retaining wall)
Ast3
Ast4
Area of steel provided Percentage of steel provided Check for Shear: (Toe Slab) Critical section for shear is at d distance from face of the stem. Shear Force Shear Stress Allowable shear stress
mm2/m mm mm 2 4908.739 mm /m 1.067 % i.e 29.80 kN 0.065 N/mm2 0.657 N/mm2 Safe
(Parallel to counterfort)
0.29 m from A
Design of Heel Slab: Maximum Bending moment acting on the toe slab is calculated by considering moments of all forces about the point b Weight of soil on strip Self weight of heel slab Total doward force Upward pressure Net Downward Pressure Maximum negative moment Factored Moment Depth Provided Area of steel requried Minimum reinforcement required Dia of bar Spacing required Percentage of reinforcement provided Distribution reinforcement: Area of steel required Dia of bar Spacing required Check for Shear: Shear force developed Shear stress developed Allowable shear stress Design of counterforts: Thickness of counterfort Top width of counterfort Bottom width of counterfort Inclination angle of counterfort Depth from face of the stem Effective depth of counterforts Maximum bending moment Factored Bending moment Area of steel required Min reinforcement required Dia of bars No. of bars Check for Shear: f n 144.00 kN/m2 12.5 kN/m2 156.50 kN/m2 -31.29 kN/m2 kN/m2 kNm kNm m 2 1109.00 mm /m 2 552 mm /m 25 mm 100.00 mm 1.07 % 187.79 140.84 211.27 0.46
2 552 mm /m 16 mm 200.00 mm
V v c
281.69 kN 0.56 N/mm2 0.66 N/mm2 Safe 0.40 0.5 4.25 25.11 3.36 3.86 2550.49 3825.74 m m m deg m m kNm kNm 2 2353 mm /m 2 3277.2 mm /m 32 mm 5 nos 0
Shear force Percentage of steel provided Allowable shear stress Curtailment of Counterfort bars: Half the bars shall be curtailed at distance of Connection between counterfort and stem: Horizontal force Factored Force Steel required Dia of bar required Spacing required Connection between counterfort and Heel slab:
d' V v Pt c
4.26 m 284.86 kN 0.18 N/mm2 0.26 % 0.37 N/mm2 Safe 2.83 m from top . 176.50 264.76 608.64 mm2/m 16 mm 325.00 mm 469.48 kN/m2 704.22 kN 1618.89 mm2/m 16 mm 100.00 mm
Tension transferred in 1m width of counterfort near the heel Factored force Steel required Dia of bar required Spacing required Design of shear Key: Co-efficient of passive pressure Upward pressure near the key Let depth of shear key Width of the shear key Passive pressure developed Total passive pressure Weight of earthfill in the key Self weight of the key FOS against sliding Cost Estimation: Cost compuatation for counterfort spacing S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Component Stem Base Slab Counter forts Steel in Stem Toe Slab Heel Slab Counterfort (1 No.) C/s area m 4.00 2.50 15.00
2
Kp P a Kp*P Pp *a Wa W
Quantity
Rate
m3 Rs/m3 12.00 4500.00 7.50 4500.00 6.00 4500.00 0.996 45000.00 0.219 45000.00 1.049 45000.00 3.134 45000.00 Total cost