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Laser RangeFinders

Hamed Lotfizad....791210122 Mehdi Modaresi.791210125 Professor ...Dr H.Tagirad

The Invention of the Laser

The Invention of the Laser

Invented in 1958 by Charles Townes and

Arthur Schawlow of Bell Laboratories Was based on Einsteins idea of the particlewave duality of light, more than 30 years earlier

History of Laser Ranging


In 1840s, First remote
sensing used with pigeons 1969, the first lunar laser ranging done by using reflectors placed on the moon by Apollo 11

Theory
There are 3 types of laser distance measurements 1)Pulsed 2)Continuous wave 3)Interferometer Method Laser ranging is called LIDAR which stands for Light Detection and Ranging

Definitions
Target Cooperative Target Uncooperative Target Retroreflection Diffuse Reflection Reflectance Response Time Depth of Field

Cooperative Targets

Non-cooperative Targets

Pulsed Laser Ranging


Short duration and high power 1)Transmit pulse 2)Detect reflection 3)Measure time difference 4)Compute distance from speed of light

Pulsed Laser System

How to Compute the Distance


2R = C*Tr R = distance C = speed of light Tr = total travel time 30 cm over kilometers precision

Continuous Wave
Frequency modulated laser ranging We know that: 1)Light travels in straight lines 2)Laser light is coherent 3)The speed of light is known Therefore we can compute the exact distance that the light has traveled

Beam-modulation Telemetry

How to Compute the RoundtripTime

Tr = roundtrip time Phi r = phase

Phi(r) was obtained


from last diagram Now Tr calculates with this formula Then

How to Compute the Distance

2R = C*Tr R = distance C = speed of light Tr = total travel time 1 cm over kilometers precision

Factors affecting accuracy


1. Frequency of the tone or modulation. 2. Accuracy of the phase-measurement loop. This depends on signal strength, noise, and so on. 3. Stability of the modulation oscillator. 4. Number of cycles (or measurements) that can be averaged together for a range measurement. 5. Turbulence in the air through which the. measurement is made. 6. Variations in the index of refraction of the air.

Triangulation

1 Triangulation is a method of determining distance by using angles and trigonometry. 2.There are many different types of triangulation.

Some of Applications of LIDAR


Satellite Systems (SLR) Sensing of Surface Elevations

Satellite Systems (SLR)


Determine position of
Earths satellites Topography Oceanography Gravity Waves Plate Tectonics

Sensing of Surface Elevations

Rangefinders
Uses pulses of

infrared light Based on time difference from transmission to reception

Many Uses for Rangefinders

Golf Hunting Architecture

GPS(Global Positioning System)


GPS uses several
satellites and the concept of triangulation. For this example there are satellites that are used to pinpoint the location of the transmitting vehicle on earth

Step 1
The vehicle determines
how far away the first satellite is from it. Either pulsed or CW techniques can be used.

Step 2

The vehicle determines how far away a second


satellite is from it.

Step 3
The vehicle determines how far away a third satellite is
from it. Then it can combine all of the information and determine where on Earth it is located.

The Future of LIDAR


In the future laser
ranging will become more precise and cheaper, and many new applications will be implemented

Corporations and manufactures


Acuity Research Freedom Technologies Sequence Vydas

AccuRange 200 laser displacement sensors AccuRange 4000 laser rangefinder AccuRange600 laser displacement sensors

AR200 Sensors
Principles of Operation The AR200 sensors project a beam of visible laser light that creates a spot on a target surface. Reflected light from the surface is viewed from an angle by a line scan camera inside the AR200 sensor. The targets distance is computed from the image pixel data. The AR200 can not be overloaded and measures accurately even when a mirror reflects the entire light beam back to the detector. Likewise, on surfaces of polished glass or water, almost the entire beam passes through or is reflected away. The AR200 sensors can measure distance from the small remaining scattered light.

AccuRange600 laser displacement sensors


Principles of Operation
The AR600 sensors project a beam of visible laser light that creates a spot on a target surface. Reflected light from the surface is viewed from an angle by a line scan camera inside the AR600 sensor. The targets distance is computed from the image pixel data. The AR600 can not be overloaded and measures accurately even when a mirror reflects the entire light beam back to the detector. Likewise, on polished surfaces, almost the entire beam is reflected away. The AR600 sensors can measure distance from the small remaining scattered light.a

AccuRange 4000 laser rangefinder

This sensor opeartes on "Time of flight" Principle.

Freedom Technologies PreciCura Series


PreciCura sensor opeartes on Triangulation" Principle.

Different Types of applications

Sequence Technologies, Inc.


ST263 DistoGAGE Laser Sensor
Zero to 50 feet operating range for most surfaces 0.1 in (2.5mm) accuracy, 0.02 in (0.5mm) short- term repeatability Fast response time 50KHz maximum rate Lightweight, compact, low power design Tightly collimated output beam for small spot size

Comparison Between Different types of distance sensors 1.Inductive sensors

2.UltraSonic Sensors

3.Laser Distance Sensors


Searching for laser range sensor in
Gomhory street : NOT FOUND !!

Searching For laser rangefinder in

lalehzar street : 15 m with 1cm accuracy 96,000 tomans Some Device with accuracy in mm -> 650,000 tomans

Thanks.
References: 1. AcuityResearch Corporation
at www.AcuityResearch.com 2. Sams Laser FAQ 3. Sequence Technologies. 3. Vydas Corp www.vydas.com

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