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ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻤﺮﻛﺰﺓ ﺣﻮﻝ ’ ،Aﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻄﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻫﻠﻴﻠﺞ ﻗﺼﻮﻳﺔ.ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ
ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ’ Aﺍﻷﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ .
(41ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ
ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﺩﺍ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ
ﻟﻺﻫﻠﻴﻠﺞ :
T2
:Tﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺍﺭﻱ )(s k
a3
: aﻧﺼﻒ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻟﻺﻫﻠﻴﻠﺞ )(m
: Kﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻛﻮﺍﻛﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ
ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ )(m2.s-3
ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ : a = D / 2ﺣﻴﺚ ) (D=2rﻗﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺭ ﻭﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻛﻴﺒﻠﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ T2 / r3 = Cte :
ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻛﻴﺒﻠﺮ ﺻﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ) ﻛﻞ ﺟﺴﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ( ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻮﻝ
T2
ﻣﻊ kﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﻣﺎ ،ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺑﺆﺭﺗﻲ ﺍﻹﻫﻠﻴﻠﺞ ﻭﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ' k
a3
ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ .
(51ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺫﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻲ ) ﺗﺬﻛﻴﺮ (
m .m
FA/ B FB / A G A 2 B u AB
AB
G = 6,67.10 - 11 U.S.I
ﺑﺠﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ :
2
ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺯﺣﻞ ﺑﻌﺪﺩ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ 61ﻗﻤﺮﺍ ﻭ ﻳﻔﻮﻕ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﻭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺑﻌﺪﺓ ﺃﺿﻌﺎﻑ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻧﻪ ﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﻛﻮﺍﻛﺐ
ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻫﻮ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺍﻛﺐ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﻳﺔ .ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺗﻴﺘﺎﻧﻮ ﻭ ﻭ ﻫﻴﺒﺮﻳﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺃﻳﺎﺑﻴﺘﻮﺱ ﻭ
ﻓﻴﺒﻲ ﻭ .
ﻳﻌﺪﻣﻦ ﺃﺿﺨﻢ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﺰﺣﻞ ﻳﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ Rﻋﻦ ﺯﺣﻞ ،ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ
ﺩﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﺯﺣﻞ Sﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺫﻭ ﺗﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﻛﺮﻭﻱ ﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ .ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺷﻌﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ
ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩﻫﺎ .ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻲ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺫﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻄﺒﻘﻬﺎ
ﻭ RT = 1,22.106 kmﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ RS = 6,0.104 km ﺯﺣﻞ .ﻧﻌﻄﻲG = 6,67.10-11 S.I :
MS = 5,69.1026 kgﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﺯﺣﻞ : TS = 10 h 39 minﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻟﺰﺣﻞ . . ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﺯﺣﻞ
(12ﺣﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ Tﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻴﺔ Vﻭﺍﻟﺸﻌﺎﻉ Rﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ .
T2 4 2 G.M S
ﺛﻢ ﺃﺣﺴﺐ 3
، V ﺃﺛﺒﺖ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ (22ﻧﻌﻄﻲ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺯﺣﻞ
R E G.M S R
ﻗﻴﻤﺔ RE.
(32ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ hﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﺴﻴﻨﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺰﺣﻞ )ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ
1
. h T C .G.2M S RSﺃﺣﺴﺐ ﺧﻂ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺀ ﺯﺣﻞ ( .ﺑﻴﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ hﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮﻩ :
2 3
h
4
(1ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﻱ ﻟﺰﺣﻞ ﻭﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻧﺠﻮﻡ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭﺑﻌﻴﺪﺓ
ﺟﺪﺍ.
3
(2ﺑﺈﻫﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺫﺑﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﺗﻴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺯﺣﻞ FS /T
(3ﺍﻟﺘﺒﻴﺎﻧﺔ :
(G.MS.MT / RT2 ) . = MT . ; = (G.MS / RT2 ) . )(1
(5
)(2 = at . u + an . ; at = dv/dt et an = v2 / RT (15
(25ﺑﻤﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ) (1ﻭ) (2ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺭﻉ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﻲ ﺃﻱ :
dv
0 v C ste
dt
v2 G.M S v2 G.M S
an 2 v
RT RT RT RT
ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺗﻴﺘﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﻥ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ
(2
2
v R R (12ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ
T
(22
2
v R R
T
G.M S
v
R
4 2 G.M S TE 2 4 2
v 2 RE 2
TE 2 RE R3 E G.M S
(32ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻜﻮﻥ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﺴﻴﻨﻲ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ TCﺑﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻣﺴﺎﻭ ﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻛﺐ ﺯﺣﻞ TS
ﻭﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻛﻴﺒﻠﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ :
4