Section 13.

4 wrap-up question (solo work): Let D be the square with vertices (1,0) and (0,1), and let C = D [sketch it]. Find C (x4 + 2y) dx + (5x + sin y) dy. ..?.. ..?.. C (x4 + 2y) dx + (5x + sin y) dy = D [(5x + sin y)/x (x4 + 2y)/y] dA = D [5 2] dA = D 3 dA = 3 Area(D) = 6. Section 13.5: Curl and divergence Key ideas? ..?.. ..?.. Curl: o Definition of curl (formula (1)) o Notation for curl F as F o curl(grad f) = 0 o Geometric meaning of curl o curl F = 0 F is irrotational o If F is a vector field on all of R3 whose components have continuous partial derivatives, curl F = 0 F is conservative

Divergence: o Definition of divergence (formula (9)) o Notation for div F as F o div(curl F) = 0 o Geometric meaning of divergence o div F = 0 F is incompressible

The vector form of Greens Theorem: for a closed curve C bounding a simply-connected domain D in the positive direction, C F n ds = D div F(x,y) dA where n is the outward unit normal vector to C.

Dont confuse C F n ds with C F dr! The latter measures the tendency of F to push things along C, and arises in physics applications where F is a force field. On the other hand, C F n ds arises in physics application where F is a flow field. Example: Let F(x,y) = xi + yj [draw picture]. Then div F = F = (/x)x + (/y)y = 2. Example: Let F(x,y,z) = yi + xj [draw picture]. Then curl F = F = ((/x)i + (/y)j + (/z)k) (yi + xj + 0k) = 2k.

Here is a physical interpretation of the vector form of Greens Theorem. Picture a box filled with gas in a two-dimensional universe. Consider a region R in the plane with boundary C = R. At any point (x,y), if F(x,y) represents the velocity vector of the gas, then div F(x,y) measures the net movement from (x,y). By summing up (i.e., integrating) div F(x,y) over the region R, we get the net decrease in the amount of gas contained in R, as the right hand side of the equation. But another way to measure the net change is to stand on C, and measure how much gas leaves at each point. Here you need the normal component F n of F to C, where n is a unit normal to C in the outward direction. This is the left hand side of the equation. That is, both sides of the equation represent how quickly the amount of gas in the box is decreasing. [Show students picture on top of page 819 of Instructors Guide.] [Exercise 13.5.10.] [Assign Group Work 3 from page 824 of the Instructors

Guide.]