Nuclear Safety & Security Culture

20134(April, 2013) Trust lies ahead of safety culture.

FBI investigating armed attack at Tennessee nuclear plant

Published time: April 23, 2013 16:42

According to investigators, a Tennessee Valley Authority security officer was routinely patrolling the nuclear plant at around 2 a.m. Sunday when he located a suspicious person in a restricted area, only a few hundred yards from the protected area that houses the nuclear reactor and power production facilities. They spoke for a few seconds. The officer didn't believe there was any danger," TVA spokesman Jim Hopson tells reporters. In a manner of only seconds, though, things quickly changed. The suspect successfully fled the scene seconds later, says Hopson, but not before exchanging gunfire with the security guard. Hopson says that amid the confrontation, the suspect pulled a handgun and fired at least two shots at the officer and then fled in a nearby flat-bottomed boat docked at a concrete ramp on the shore of the Tennessee River.
http://rt.com/usa/tennessee-nuclear-plant-shooting-276/


(Terrorism, accidents, safety and security)
(Boston)(Texas) (Algeria) (Fukushima)JCOChernobylTMI (Asphalt)(Monju)(Mutsu) Sep.11(North Korea)(Stuxnet) (Earthquake(Japan, overseas)) (others)

Fertilizer Plant Explosion In West, Texas http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ReAjMhCeu0 3

(Threat)
(Fear)IAEA (Intention)(Motive)(Capacity) (People)(Group)

IAEA

UN: Nuclear terrorism threat hasnt diminished

Updated 11:51 a.m., Friday, September 28, 2012

UNITED NATIONS (AP) The U.N. nuclear chief warned Friday that the threat of nuclear terrorism has not diminished, saying a key risk is that terrorists could detonate a so-called "dirty bomb" to contaminate a major city. Yukiya Amano, director general of the International Atomic Energy Agency, told a high-level meeting on the sidelines of the U.N. General Assembly that a dirty bomb using conventional explosives and some nuclear or radioactive material IAEA wouldn't be a full-fledged nuclear bomb but it could lead to mass panic and serious economic disruption. "We must therefore maintain the utmost vigilance in protecting nuclear and other radioactive material and nuclear facilities," he said. Amano said more than 2,200 incidents have been registered on the International Atomic Energy Agency's "Illicit Trafficking Database" since it was established in 1995.
http://www.seattlepi.com/news/article/UN-Nuclear-terrorism-threat-hasn-t-diminished-3902688.php

UN SecretaryGeneral Ban KiMoon

We need to build a stronger connection between nuclear safety and nuclear security. Though nuclear safety and nuclear security are distinct issues, boosting one can bolster the other. At a time when terrorists and others are seeking nuclear materials and technology, stringent safety systems at nuclear power plants will reinforce efforts to strengthen nuclear security. A nuclear power plant that is safer for its community is also one that is more secure for our world. Kiev, Ukraine 19 April 2011

(Organizational culture) (Safety culture)

(Secret in the safety management)

(Nuclear Safety culture)

Safety culture (Narrow sense)

(Security culture)

(Threat)(Security authority) Security Secret

http://pbadupws.nrc.gov/docs/ML1116/ML11165A021.pdf

Universal features of nuclear security culture

SECURITY POLICY STATEMENT MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES RESOURCES REVIEW AND IMPROVEMENT ROLE OF THE STATE

DEFENITION OF GENERAL PROTECTION OBJECTIVES DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONSIBILITIES PROTECTION OF INFORMATION DEFINITION OF RESPONSIBILITIES DEFINITION AND CONTROL OF PRACTICES QUALIFICATIONS AND TRANING MOTIVATION AUDIT AND REVIEW

ROLE OF ORGANIZASTIONS

ROLES OF MANAGERS IN ORGANIZATIONS

STRICT AND PRUDENT APPROACH VIGILANCE AND QUESTIONING ATTITUDE SPEED OF REACTION

ATTITUDES OF INDIVIDUALS

IAEA Nuclear Security Series No. 7 Nuclear Security Culture 9

Characteristics of nuclear security culture

GOAL: EFFECTIVE NUCLEAR SECURITY Management systems are well developed and prioritize security
(a) Visible security policy;(b) Clear roles and responsibilities; (c) Performance measurement;(d) Work environment; (e) Training and qualification;(f) Work management; (g) Information security;(h) Operation and maintenance; (i) Continual determination of staff trustworthiness; (j) Quality assurance;(k) Change management; (l) Feedback process;(m) Contingency plans and drills; (n) Self-assessment;(o) Interface with the regulator; (p) Coordination with off-site organizations; (q) Record keeping.

Behaviour fosters more effective nuclear security

Leadership behaviour (a) Expectations;(b) Use of authority; (c) Decision making;(d) Management oversight; (e) Involvement of staff;(f) Effective communications; (g) Improving performance;(h) Motivation.

Personnel behaviour (a) Professional conduct;(b) Personal accountability; (c) Adherence to procedures;(d) Teamwork and

PRINCIPLES FOR GUIDING DECISIONS AND BEHAVIOUR

(a) Motivation;(b) Leadership;(c) Commitment and responsibility; (d) Professionalism and competence;(e) Learning and improvement.

BELIEFS AND ATTITUDES(a) Credible threat exists;(b) Nuclear security is important

IAEA Nuclear Security Series No. 7 Nuclear Security Culture 10

WhatWhy

(Human )

-(- tiring, forget, mistakes -)

Unhealthy Safety Culture

<> A Crossing the limits of safe practices 1 Pursuit efficiency (and leader lack of knowledge about technology) - from prolonged depression and price competition 2 Lowered quality of labors
- from cut down the number of experts

JC

B Misperception of current reality 1 False pride and illusion of technological superiority

- Mr. Kazuo Sato the level of Safety Culture in Japan is fairly high, 1999 - Mr. Jiro Kondo Anzen-do, the Japanese unique way of thinking, 1999 - ( , 3 2011)

2 Inadequate open communication - Come from lack of self-assessment capability which are
(1) the extent to which employees bring problems to management (2) management's openness to critical feedback. Some 80% of the cases are caused by human error

Shigehisa Tsuchiya, et al Graduate School of Management and Systems Engineering, Chiba Institute of Technology 12

10 Reasons Nuclear Workers Don't Comply with Safety Culture Expectations

<1/2>

1. Ignorance
"I did not know this was a hazard."

2. Lack of skill
"I did not know what to do about it."

3. Mistrust of authority
"They lied to us before about safety, so how do I know they're telling the truth now?"

4. Personal experiences
"Nothing bad ever happened to me before by doing it this way, so why worry now?"

5. Lack of incentives
"What's in it for me? Why should I follow this much harder procedure?

Dr. Edgar Schein, a Sloan Fellows professor of management emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 13

10 Reasons Nuclear Workers Don't Comply with Safety Culture Expectations

<2/2>

6 Mixed incentives

"My boss tells me to report unsafe conditions but still expects me to get the job done on time and with less help."

7. Unclear disciplinary processes

"Nothing bad will happen to me if I ignore the hazard or do things my own way." 8. Group norms "If I point out the hazard, my buddies will think I'm ratting on them; or if I insist on following some procedure, they'll think I'm a wimp." 9. Macho self-image "I can do this job in spite of the hazards, I can be a hero, and others will respect me for it." 10. Personality factors "I know better who needs to work that hard? Who cares - it's not my problem. 14

=Defense in Depth
[Hardware] [Human behavior]

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Safety culture management is ensuring that organizationalmanagerial [institutional] safety barriers are properly designed, operated and maintained. They are the safety attitudes of the worker, manager, internal oversight and external oversight personnel. This is proper safety culture management, this is safety culture defense in depth management.

INPO - The Institute of Nuclear Power Operations
David Collins, INPO coordinator Member of the NRC workshop expert panel on safety culture in 2010 16


- the Leadership Based Safety -
3. Relationship Behaviors 1. Excellence Behaviors Communicates and models values Listens carefully to suggestions Clearly communicates expectations Welcoming and respectful Focus is on value not cost Promotes diversity, development Ensures training, resources Compliments more than criticizes Good problem-solver and coach Promotes work / life balance Promotes open, deep org learning EIR behaviors: 2. Integrity Behaviors PROFESSIONALISM Do the right thing (behaves ethically
Appropriately humble, not-arrogant, Safety-focused)

Communicates openly and honestly Makes conservative decisions Addresses issues promptly, properly Uses failures to learn, not punish Ensures appropriate accountability

TRUST=(E+I+R)/TIME

David Collins, INPO coordinator Member of the NRC workshop expert panel on safety culture in 2010 17

1. Excellence Behaviors

Communicates and models values

Clearly communicates expectations Focus is on value not cost Ensures training, resources Good problem-solver and coach Promotes open, deep org learning
David Collins, INPO coordinator Member of the NRC workshop expert panel on safety culture in 2010 18

2. Integrity Behaviors

Do the right thing

(behaves ethically : Appropriately humble, not-arrogant, Safety-focused) :

Communicates openly and honestly Makes conservative decisions Addresses issues promptly, properly Uses failures to learn, not punish Ensures appropriate accountability
David Collins, INPO coordinator Member of the NRC workshop expert panel on safety culture in 2010 19

3. Relationship Behaviors

Listens carefully to suggestions :

Welcoming and respectful : Promotes diversity, development : Compliments more than criticizes : Promotes work / life balance :

David Collins, INPO coordinator Member of the NRC workshop expert panel on safety culture in 2010 20


Safety culture management is the maintenance of professional leadership attitudes Rickover

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Ownership Responsibility

Attention to Detail

Priorities job

Admiral Rickover 22


Know What is Going On()

Hard Work

Checking Up Facing the Facts

Admiral Rickover 23

<Professionalism, Management>

1Show your appearance to the public

-

2Maintain Cognizance
- - - - - -

3Do the right thing

- - -

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- A sustainable nuclear security culture

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http://www.nsr.go.jp

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>>>>

http://www.nsr.go.jp/activity/ bousai/Physical_Protection/ index.html

PEACE

Thank you for your attention

http://www.nsr.go.jp
http://www.nsr.go.jp/activity/bousai/Physical_Protection/index.html
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