Miscellaneous Exercise 2

Question # 2
Write short answers of following questions: (i) Discuss the nature of the roots of the following equations: (a) x2 + 3x + 5 = 0

Solution:
x2 + 3x + 5 = 0 Here a = 1, b = 3, c = 5 Disc Disc Disc Disc Hence, Roots are imaginary (b) 2x2 - 7x + 3 = = = = b2 4ac (3)2 4(1) (5) 9 20 - 11

Solution:
2x2 - 7x + 3 Here a = 2, b = -7 , c = 3 Disc Disc Disc = = = b2 4ac (-7)2 4(2)(3) 49 24

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Disc Hence,

25

(perfect Square)

Roots are real, rational and unequal. (c) x2 + 6x 1 = 0

Solution:
x2 + 6x 1 = 0 Here a = 1, b = 6 , c = -1 Disc Disc Disc Disc Hence, Roots are real, irrational and unequal (d) 16 x2 8x + 1 = 0 = = = = b2 4ac (6)2 4(1)(-1) 36 + 4 40

Solution:
16 x2 8x + 1 = 0 Here a = 16, b = -8 , c = 1 Disc Disc Disc Disc Hence, Roots are real, rational and equal. Mudassar Nazar Notes Published by Asghar Ali Page 2 = = = = b2 4ac (-8)2 4(16)(1) 64 64 0

(ii) Find

, if

Solution:
= ( )2
2

= = = = = = =

(iii) Prove that sum of all the cube roots of unity is zero.

Solution:
Cube roots of unity are -1, Sum Sum Sum Sum Sum Hence, Sum of all the cube roots of unity is zero. Mudassar Nazar Notes Published by Asghar Ali Page 3 = = = = = 0 and -1 + ( )+( )

(iv) Find the product of complex cube roots of unity.

Solution:
The complex cube roots of unity are and

Product Product Product Product Product Product

= = = = = =

)(

(v) Show that x3 + y3 = (x + y) (x +

y)(x +

y)

Solution:
R.H.S R.H.S R.H.S R.H.S R.H.S R.H.S R.H.S Hence, x3 + y3 = (x + y) (x + y)(x +
2

= = = = = = =

(x + y)(x + (x + y) [x2 + (x + y)[x2 + (

y) (x +
2

y)
3 2

y+

xy +

y]

+ )xy + 1y2]

(x + y)(x2 + (-1)xy + y2) (x + y) (x2 xy + y2) x3 + y3 L.H.S

y) Page 4

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(vi) Evaluate

37

38

+1

Solution:
37

38

+1
36

= = = = = = (vii) Evaluate (1 +
2 6

36

+1
2

3 12

) .

+(

3 12

) .
2

+1

(1)12. 1. + 0 )

+ (1)12.
2

+1

+ 1.
2

+1

+1 (1 + +
2

= 0)

Solution:
(1 = = = = = = = = = +
2 6

[(

+(1+ )]6 ]6 ]6
6

)]6

[ +([ [2 64 64(

3 2

64(1)2 64(1) 64

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(viii) If

is the cube root of unity, form an equation whose roots are 3

and 3

Solution:
Given roots are 3 S S S S S P P P P P = = = = = = = = = = and 3
2

sum of roots 3 +3
2 2

3( + 3(-1) -3

product of the roots (3 ) (3 9

3 2

9(1) 9

Required equation x2 Sx + P = 0 x2 (-3)x + 9 = 0 x2 + 3x + 9 = 0

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(ix) Using Synthetic Division, find the remainder and quotient when (x3 + 3x2 + 2)

(x 2)

Solution:
P(x) By Synthetic Division 1 2 1 Quotient Remainder 3 2 5 = = o 10 10 2 20 22 = x3 + 3x2 + 2

x2 + 5x + 10 22

(x) Using Synthetic Division, show that (x 2) is a factor of x3 + x2 7x + 2

Solution:
P(x) = x3 + x2 7x + 2

By Synthetic Division 1 2 1 1 2 3 -7 6 -1 2 -2 0

R=0 So, (x 2) is a factor of the polynomial. (xi) Find the sum and the product of the equation 2px2 + 3qx 4r = 0

Solution:

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2px2 + 3qx 4r = 0 Sum of the roots Sum of the roots Product of the roots Product of the roots Product of the roots (xii) Find + = = = = =

of the roots of the equation x2 4x + 3 = 0

Solution:
x2 4x + 3 = 0 are the roots of the equation then = = = = = = + = = = = = Mudassar Nazar Notes Published by Asghar Ali Page 8 3 4

= (xiii) If (a)
2

are the roots of 4x2 3x + 6 = 0 , find +

2

Solution:
4x2 3x + 6 = 0 are the roots of the equation then = = = = = =
2

= = = = =

( -3

)2 - 2

( )2 2( )

(b)

Solution:
+ = = = Mudassar Nazar Notes Published by Asghar Ali

[( [(

)2 2 )2 2( )]

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= = = = (c)

[
[

- 3]

[ ]

Solution:
= =

= = =

= =

(Xiv) (a)

If

are the roots of x2 5x + 7 = 0 , Find equations whose roots are

Solution:
Let x2 5x + 7 = 0 be the roots of the equation = = = = Mudassar Nazar Notes Published by Asghar Ali Page 10 5

= = 7

are the roots of required equation S = = = = -5 P = = = 7 Required quadratic equation x2 - Sx + P = 0 x2 (-5)X + 7 = 0 x2 + 5x + 7 = 0 (b)

Solution:
= = 2( = 2(5) = 10 P = = 4( = 4(7) = 28 Required quadratic equation x2 - Sx + P = 0 x2 (10)X + 28 = 0 x2 - 10x + 28 = 0 S

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