Maribel Torres Velzquez

University of Puerto Rico, Mayagez Campus Student Airborne Research Program 2013 Professor Raphael Kudela Mentor: Jennifer Broughton

Introduction
The development of new and

innovative instruments has been of great importance for the improvement of the study of the Earth.

Introduction
Factors that disturb or inuence both

quality and quantity of light received by the instrument

Gases, aerosols and water vapor from the

atmosphere Clouds Whitecaps (sea state)

Introduction
Many models and software packages

have been developed in order to correct for the inuence of the atmosphere. In the case of the clouds the programs are based on mathematical techniques in order to reconstruct the missing data.

Methodology
MODIS/ASTER (MASTER) airborne

simulator

Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission

and Reection Radiometer (ASTER) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)

Methodology
Selected Data
Three MASTER Images from the DC-8

Airborne Science Laboratory ight Date: June 18, 2013 Location: Santa Barbara Channel, California

Methodology
Atmospheric Correction
ENVI FLAASH (ENVI Atmospheric Correction Module)

Image Location (latitude and Longitude) Sensor Type Sensor Altitude Ground Elevation Pixel Sixe Flight date and time Advanced Seaings (CO2 concentration, water absorption, Aerosol Scale Height)

Methodology
Data INterpolating Empirical

Orthogonal Functions (DINEOF)

Initially developed to utilize time series

images In this project discrete bands from MASTER data were used
Select useful bands for each image Create the input les
Cloudmask Landmask Time vector

Select method
Reconstruct all points Reconstruct missing points

Run DINEOF

Methodology
3D Inpaint
MATLAB code Replaces the missing data in the image by extra/interpolating the non-missing elements Methods
Standard (Laplacian equation) Elastic (spring metaphor)

Select useful bands for each image

Create the input le (cloudmask)

Select method

Run 3D Inpaint

DINEOF
Line 3 Original Image

3D Inpaint

Cloud and whitecaps are lled with NaNs

Results
All points reconstruction

DINEOF

average value of the lled matrix

Small cloud

Validation
For clouds

DINEOF

Histogram of the original image (with NaNs)

Histogram of the all-points reconstruction

Results
Missing points reconstruction

DINEOF

average value of the lled matrix

Small cloud

Validation
For clouds

DINEOF

Histogram of the original image (with NaNs)

Histogram of the missing points reconstruction

Validation
For whitecaps

DINEOF

T-test P-Value > 0.05 (good reconstruction)

Using known points within the image P-value of zero for both methods (all points and

missing points) As a result, DINEOF is not a good method for reconstructing images with a large number of whitecaps

Results
Standard Method

3D Inpaint

Validation
For clouds

3 3D Inpaint

Histogram of the original image (with NaNs)

Histogram of the standard method

Results
Elastic Method

3D Inpaint

Validation
For clouds

3 3D Inpaint

Histogram of the original image (with NaNs)

Histogram of the elastic method

Validation
For whitecaps

3 3D Inpaint

T-test P-Value > 0.05 (good reconstruction)

Comparison P-Value 0.310 0.000 0.267 0.000 0.525 0.00 0.081 0.000 0.008 0.000 Original vs. 3D Inpaint (Standard) Original vs. 3D Inpaint (Elastic) Original vs. 3D Inpaint (Standard) Original vs. 3D Inpaint (Elastic) Original vs. 3D Inpaint (Standard) Original vs. 3D Inpaint (Elastic) Original vs. 3D Inpaint (Standard) Original vs. 3D Inpaint (Elastic) Original vs. 3D Inpaint (Standard) Original vs. 3D Inpaint (Elastic)

Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 Layer 4 Layer 5

Validation
For whitecaps

3 3D Inpaint

The standard method is a good way to reconstruct an image with a large number of whitecaps If the number of layers in the cloudmask increases, the reconstruction for the whitecaps will be beaer

Conclusions

The missing point method of DINEOF makes a decent reconstruction for clouded images
the points only in the center of the cloud

Reduces the size of the cloud because it reconstructs the edges It will use the average value of the lled matrix to reconstruct

The standard method of 3D Inpaint makes a good reconstruction of whitecaps

cloudmask

Large number of whitecaps and small percent of clouds 3D Inpaint works beaer with a large number of layers in the

For a beaer understanding of these programs more studies have to be developed with a large quantity of images, but these results suggest that it is possible to de- noise the images (remove whitecaps) and reduce or eliminate small cloud-gaps, increasing the retrieval of information from the MASTER airborne imager.

Acknowledgements
Professor Raphael Kudela Mentor: Jennifer Broughton

Shane Grigsby Laura Judd

Dr. Emily Schaller SARP 2013

References
Alvera-Azcarate, A., Barth, A., Rixen, M., and Beckers, J.-M.: Re- construction of incomplete oceanographic data sets using Empirical Orthogonal Functions. Application to the Adriatic Sea,Ocean Modelling, 9, 325346, 2005. Alvera-Azcarate, A., Barth, A., Beckers, J. M., and Weisberg, R. H.: Multivariate Reconstruction of Missing Data in Sea Surface Temperature, Chlorophyll and Wind Satellite Fields, J. Geophys. Res., accepted, 2006 Beckers, J.-M. and Rixen, M.: EOF calculations from incomplete oceanographic data sets, J. Atmos. Ocean Technol., 20, 18391856, 2003 Beckers, J.-M., Barth, A., and Alvera-Azcarate, A.: DINEOF reconstruction of clouded images including error maps application to the Sea-Surface Temperature around Corsican Island, Ocean Sci., 2, 183-199, 2006 Robinson, I. S. (2004), Measuring the Oceans from Space: The principles and methods of satellite oceanography, Springer-Praxis, UK www.master.jpl.nasa.gov www.exelisvis.com/ProductServices/ENVI/ENVI.aspx modb.oce.ulg.ac.be/mediawiki/index.php/DINEOF ftp://128.102.173.200/outgoing/MASTER/master%20paper.pdf

Questions?