:

1.

.................................................................................................................................. 3

2.

........................................................................... 4

3.

................................................................................................. 6

3.1.

.................................................................................................... 6

3.1.1.

...................................................................................................................... 6

3.1.2.

.................................................................................................................. 6

3.1.3.

...................................................................................................................... 6

4.

...................................................................................................................... 6

5.

...................................................................................................... 8

5.1.

........................................................................................................... 8

5.2.

................................................................................................................... 8

5.3.

................................................................................................... 9

5.4.

........................................................................................................... 9

5.5.

................................................................................... 9

6.

........................................................................................................................ 10

6.1.

........................................................................ 10

6.2.

............................................................................ 11

7.

........................................................................................................................... 12

8.

:...................................................................................................................... 13


.
o ,
, .
.
: , ,

Abstract
In this paper is considered hydrogen as a chemical element. Starting from hydrogen
as a part of a periodic element table and so on with his inventing, physical and
chemical properties and compounds. At the and was worked the ways of production
hydrogen laboratorial and industrial.
Keywords: Hidrids, oxidation

1.

H, () 1 1,00794.
.

. 75 %
,
.
1025 .
.
, ,
, , H2.

: (H2O)
, , (),
.
,
, (1H)
.

.
, .

2.
16- ,
. 1766,
,
phologiston
, .
1783 (. hydrogenium
) hydro genes ,
( ) .

,
:
Fe + H2O FeO + H2
2 Fe + 3 H2O Fe2O3 + 3 H2
3 Fe + 4 H2O Fe3O4 + 4 H2

. 1

1898,
.
.
1931 ,
.
1934.

 1806
. 1823 Doberenier Lamp

.
1783 ,


. 1900, 1910
.
, 1937
, 36 .

, .
1977 -
.

3.
,
(H-) (H+).
.

3.1.
3.1.1.
1H 99.98%.
.
3.1.2.

.
.
.
3.1.3.
,
-3 12,32
. ,
.
.

4.

.

- :
o

( s )
2Na(s) + H2 2NaH(s)
: ,
, .
.

o
( p )
. ,
.
.
o
d , f .

5.
5.1.
, .
, 14
0,08988 g/L.
0,07 g/cm3 0,076 g/cm3, : -259,14 C, :
-252,87 C . -240 ,18C, 12,76 atm,
.
5.2.
4% 75%
. 4-75% ,
5-95%. .
560 C,
.
.
H2 .
,
(
)

. 2

5.3.
-13,6 eV
92nm .


.
.
5.4.

.
.

1 ,
.
.
,
. 17

,
.
.
5.5.

, .

. 3

.



.
4 .

6.
6.1.

.
: Zn + 2 H+ Zn2+ + H2
:
2 Al + 6 H2O + 2 OH 2 Al(OH)4 + 3 H2
.
.
.
2 H2O(l) 2 H2(g) + O2(g)

80-95%.
.

. 4

10

6.2.
,
.

.
CH4 + H2O CO + 3 H2

2 CH4 + O2 2 CO + 4 H2

95%
5% :

,
.
Fe + 2 H2O Fe(OH)2 + H2

11

7.
.
75%
, 80% .

.
.

. ,
, .
.
, ,
. , ,
,
.
. ,

.

.

12

8. :

[1] Pradyot Patnaik, Ph.D.Handbook of InorganicChemicals, 2002

[2] http://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodik
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen

13