Difference between an electrolytic cell and a galvanic cell Electrochemical cell (Galvanic Cell) A Galvanic cell converts chemical

energy into electrical energy. Here, the redox reaction is spontaneous and is responsible for the production of electrical energy. The two half-cells are set up in different containers, being connected through the salt bridge or porous partition. Here the anode is negative and cathode is the positive electrode. The reaction at the anode is oxidation and that at the cathode is reduction. Electrolytic cell An electrolytic cell converts electrical energy into chemical energy. The redox reaction is not spontaneous and electrical energy has to be supplied to initiate the reaction. Both the electrodes are placed in a same container in the solution of molten electrolyte. Here, the anode is positive and cathode is the negative electrode. The reaction at the anode is oxidation and that at the cathode is reduction.

The electrons are supplied by the species getting The external battery supplies the electrons. oxidized. They move from anode to the cathode They enter through the cathode and come in the external circuit. out through the anode.

1) Concentration of solution The higher the concentration of solution, the faster the rate of reaction. Because the particles are closer together so they collide more frequently and so there were more frequent reactions. Note: Only applies to reactions of solutions. _____________________________________________________________ 2) Pressure The higher the pressure, th higher is the rate of reaction. Because the particles are squeezed closer together, so they collide more frequently and so there were more frequent reactions. Note: Only applies to reactions of gases. _____________________________________________________________ 3) Particle size of solid The smaller the particle size, the higher the rate of reaction. Because the total surface area of the solid increases so reacting particles of liquid and gases collide more frequently with the surface and so there are more frequent reactions. Note: Only applies to reactions of solids. _____________________________________________________________ 4) Temperature The higher the temperature, the faster the rate of reaction. Because at higher temperature, the particles have greater kinetic energy, so they react more often when they collide.

Potassium Dichromate (VI) Acts as an oxidising agent. If something is oxidised, it will turn from orange to green! Used to test for Sulphur Dioxide Place a drop on filter paper, colour changes from orange to green. *Note: Potassium Dichromate turns from Orange to green when Alcohol is present! Because P.D, which is an oxidising agent, can oxidise alcohol into organic acid. And P.D turns green whenever something is oxidised. Potassium Iodide Acts as an reducing agent. If something is reduced, it will turn from colourless to brown! (* or if an Oxidising agent is present)