A Sustainable Solar Project in Lagos State: Key Considerations

Siemens Energy Sector

Shaping the next generation of solar power

Lagos 8th February 2012

Siemens Energy 2012

Outline

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Solar Power Potential in Lagos State Factors Impacting Solar System Performance Siemens Solution for Photovoltaic Solar Projects Siemens References Q&A

Siemens Energy 2012

What area of photovoltaic panels in the Sahara desert would cover the world's energy demand?

450 km 450 km

450 km x 450 km 4.9 Switzerlands

45 km x 45 km 0.049 Switzerlands

450 km x 450 km 4.9 Switzerlands

4500 km x 4500 km 490 Switzerlands

Source: Paul Scherrer Institut, Dt. Zentrum fr Luft & Raumfahrt

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Siemens Energy 2012

Lagos State has a high potential for utilization of solar power, similar to that in Spain*
Statistics Dash Board Annual average daily irradiation 4323Wh/M2/day The monthly average irradiation:
In February - Maximum of 5861Wh/M2/day o In July - Minimum of 3231Wh/M2/day
o

Average annual rainfall - 111ml Average relative humidity - 82% Mean average temperature - 26.7OC Mean daily sunshine duration 4.9hours
The irradiation level in Lagos is moderate compared to the North. However, with the right conditions, the business case for both off-grid stand alone systems and utility scale solar systems can be attractive in Lagos.
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*In Spain, installed capacity of solar plants is 4GW, satisfying about 2.7% of the annual electricity demand IN 2010 Siemens Energy 2012

Is Solar right for you?

Efficiency First! Before considering a solar energy system, energy-efficient measures should be incorporated into the building. It is far cheaper to save electricity than it is to generate it even with solar panels or solar thermal systems.

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Siemens Energy 2012

Factors Impacting System Performance

Factors impacting the performance of a residential and commercial solar system fall into three groups; environmental, site location and equipment.

Equipment Factors Environmenta l Factors

Site Location Factors

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Siemens Energy 2012

Factors Impacting System Performance Environmental Factors

1. Sun hours - Irradiation
The more Sun Hours a location receives, the more energy will be produced from a module installed at that location. "One Sun Hour" is energy produced by the peak noon sunlight intensity in the middle of summer, over one hour

Daily Sun Profile and Sun Hour relation

Before you install a solar system, a feasibility analysis must be conducted to confirm that your site has enough solar energy to meet your electricity needs efficiently and economically
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Factors Impacting System Performance Environmental Factors

2. Temperature
Module operating temperature increases when placed in the sun As the operating temperature increases, the power output decreases due to the properties of the conversion material - this is true for all solar modulesbut different per technology A typical decrease in power output is approximately 12% for crystalline based solar modules
This figure displays the response of a solar cell to varying temperature. If you look carefully, you will see that the current increases slightly, whilst the voltage decreases rapidly. The result is a lower overall power yield (P=V*I).

It is therefore extremely important to keep your solar panels well ventilated. Make sure air is able to cool on all sides, including the underside
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Factors Impacting System Performance Environmental Factors

3. Soiling Particulate Build Up
When a module is placed outdoors, airborne particulates (e.g. dust, debris) settle on the glass surface of the module, similar to dust settling on glass automobile windshields. These particulates block the amount of light reaching the module and therefore reduce the power produced by the module. The reduction in power from particulate build up can range from 5%-15%.

Dusty Solar Panels

It is therefore extremely important to clean your solar panels regularly to ensure that the maximum amount of sunshine hits the panels
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Factors Impacting System Performance Site Location Factors

4. Solar Module Tilt Angle
The module produces more power when the light source is located perpendicular to the surface of the module. Therefore, solar module installations are often tilted towards the sun to maximize the amount and intensity of light exposure. As the sun angle changes throughout the year , the amount of light falling directly on the module changes, as does the energy output. Large commercial systems have solar tracking systems that automatically follow the suns tilt through the day
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Factors Impacting System Performance Site Location Factors

5. Shading
Trees, chimneys, roof gables and other buildings that cast a shadow on the solar panels during peak sun light hours will negatively impact performance With poor solar design, even a little shade on one panel can shut down solar production on all of your other panels. Installers use special gadgets to instantly reveal any shady spots on your roof, no matter what time of year Shading from obstructions, such as trees and buildings, should be avoided as this decreases exposure to the suns radiation
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Factors Impacting System Performance Equipment Factors

6. Module ratings
All solar module manufacturers test the power of their solar modules under specific Standard Test Conditions (STC)*1 in the factory The Standard Test Conditions include, but are not limited to, a specific light intensity, light angle, and module temperature. Any differences from these specific test conditions affect the power output of the solar module.

Modules with the appropriate performance rating, best suited to the business case of the project must be selected
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Factors Impacting System Performance Equipment Factors

7. System Wiring
Typical solar electric systems require more than one module to be connected to one another. The wires used to connect the modules create a slight resistance in the electrical flow, decreasing the total power output of the system, In addition, slight differences in power output from module-to-module reduces the maximum power output available from each module. A typical value for these losses is 5%

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Siemens Energy 2012

Factors Impacting System Performance Equipment Factors

8. Inverter Connection Losses
Conversion from DC to AC power results in an energy decrease from approximately 6%-10% This energy decrease varies for each inverter (primarily due to energy lost in the form of heat). A typical value for this loss is 6%

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Siemens Energy 2012

Siemens Solar Power within Siemens comprehensive energy chain

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Siemens Energy 2012

From sun to grid: Proven in-house components along the entire value chain

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Siemens Energy 2012

Siemens Energy Photovoltaics focuses on utility-scale PV plants (> 1 MWp) as a turnkey solution provider

Utility scale
PV power plants

Commercial & Industrial

Residential
source: Petra Spannheimer / PIXELIO

source: Henrik G Vogel / PIXELIO

source: Siemens Photovoltaics, France

source: www.aboutpixel.de / verlinfri

Plant size
(nominal power)

> 1MWp tendency > 5-10 MWp

up to few MWp > 3 MWp < 3MWp selectively

EPC 2)

up to few hundred kWp -

E R PV target markets

Value Chain
(Utility scale)

Modules

Electrical Equipment 1)

Civil works

Cables

Structures

Switch gear

Transformer

Install. & Comiss.

PV field connect.

Engineering

Service & Maintenance

Preferred supplier scope

1) 2)

Siemens scope

Third party

Including inverter EPC = Engineering, procurement, and construction

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Siemens Energy 2012

Siemens optimizes the overall PV solution for maximized output and minimized failures
Your benefit
PV field design
Minimized shading losses thanks to optimized module table distribution and module row spacing Minimized cable losses through optimized cable layout Ensures maximum safety in PV system with grounding and lightning protection
E R SP solutions Transformer / switchgear Inverter

Component configuration
Optimized inverter input currents thanks to module table configuration and string definition Adaption of environmentally friendly transformers and efficient switchgear Utility requirements are exactly met thanks to individual grid connection concept

Modules Electrical installations Civil work

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Siemens Energy 2012

The Siemens service concept will ensure a longterm high performance ratio for your PV plant

Performance ratio guaranteed by Siemens for up to 25 years Modification and upgrades Yield optimization Performance monitoring
Operation support State-of-the-art remote controlling and plant monitoring

Extensions and modifications Effective prevention Fast response

Local service organizations Fast and comprehensive fault analysis Express repairs 1) High spare part availability 1)

Preventive maintenance Condition monitoring

1) Only for full service and maintenance contract

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Siemens Energy 2012

Comprehensive practical experience in PV business selected references

Canada
e.g. First Light II 10.5 MWp

Germany
e.g. Forchheim 800 kWp

Czech Rep.
e.g. Dobr Pole 4 MWp

USA
e.g. Sparta 3,1 MWp

Spain
e.g. Beneixama 20 MWp

France
e.g. Les Mes 31 MWp

Italy
e.g. San Donaci 15 MWp

Israel
e.g. Ketura 5 MWp

> 160 MWp EPC*

*) installed or under construction (incl. Project Beneixama from 2007)

Active in > 30 countries

Siemens Energy 2012

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Questions?
Toyin Abegunde Siemens Limited Nigeria Head of Business Development 98/100 Oshodi-Apapa Expressway, Isolo, Lagos Mob: +234 8085856206 Tel: 234-1-4480186 E-mail: oluwatoyin.abegunde@siemens.com URL: www.siemens.com.ng

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Siemens Energy 2012

Build on Photovoltaics now!

Use direct and indirect sun irradiation as a free resource PV energy support the country targets to achieve committed CO2 reductions

PV with strong benefits

Siemens Photovoltaics

Offer independence from fossil fuels Once built up, their power output comes without additional effort A PV System produces electricity for min. 25 years at fixed costs Energy demand in sunny regions matches best with PV energy production Off-grid solutions in regions with very remote from grid can be installed cost-effectively Fast installation from design to grid Lower administrative and O&M costs, through easy maintenance and repair service

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Siemens Energy 2012

Siemens Photovoltaics covers the entire value chain

Solutions and products

Technical consulting & Finance

Balance of Plant & EPC

Operations support & Maintenance

Performance-proven services

Comprehensive portfolio for customer benefits

Solutions and products ... designed for large-scale photovoltaic plants: Customized Balance of Plant (BoP) concepts for individualized solutions Proven engineering knowledge with unique layout system for optimized Levelized Costs of Electricity (LCoE) Qualified and reliable in-house industry products to meet local requirements Performance-proven services ... along the entire value chain: Secured financing with equity and debt contribution for maximized IRR Guaranteed performance contracting for sustainable business success Full-scope service contracting from a single source

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Siemens AG 2011 Siemens Energy 2012

Game changers on the radar: To succeed we need to control the entire PV system
Game changers: Photovoltaic Innovations for large scale (flat plate) PV plants
Functional Coating Workbench Module Web Monitoring for PV plants
onsite

Energy Storaging

Siemens Support Structure

Off-Grid Solution

Data logger

PV Testified, Qualified testing & Equipment

Highly Concentrated PV

Future Grid Functionality

PVplanet

Next Generation Inverter & E-box

Automated Cleaning

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Siemens Energy 2012

Game changers on the radar: To succeed we need to control the entire PV system
Functional Coating What is Functional Coating?

Functional coating is the process of covering the solar modules with a layer in order to protect them from dirt.

Details

Cooperation Partners: Siemens CT, Masdar Institute Re-application on-site possible In development: spectral selective AR coating Temperature dissipation Facilitates cleaning of modules Cleaning w/ salt water possible

Benefits

Reduces cleaning effort and repels dirt Improving operation and maintenance performance Higher module efficiency due to cleanliness Higher IRR

Outlook

Siemens develops business model with supplier; preparation of test modules for Masdar Institute to be delivered Q2 FY2012; technology is ready to use in the end of FY 2012

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Siemens Energy 2012

Game changers on the radar: To succeed we need to control the entire PV system
Workbench Module What is the Workbench Module?

One of the goals of Siemens PV is to develop modules tailored for utility-scale projects as well as to foster system optimization.

Details

Todays modules were optimized for the largest market: rooftop applications Optimization of modules in frame and size Increase EBIT through own production of junction boxes System optimization through improving absorber, diodes, cooling and wiring Result: about 2ct/kWh or up to 30ct/kWp are expected

Benefits

Lower system costs Lower logistic costs Decreasing LCoE

Outlook

Close collaborations with module manufacturers

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Siemens Energy 2012

Game changers on the radar: We succeed by controlling the whole PV system

Web Monitoring for PV plants
onsite

Web Monitoring for PV plants

Web Monitoring for photovoltaic plants includes human-machine interface (HMI), supervision and control, data acquisition, processing and storage, communication infrastructure, interfaces to sensors and signal conversion.
Data logger

Details

New Siemens Web Monitoring provides asset information, operation logs and service tickets, service history corrective maintenance and commercial information for multiple plants worldwide within one software tool Information will be presented role specific Web monitoring solution is based on long year proven M3000 Energy Management system Provides extensions for PR/Yield and maintenance forecasting

Benefits

Management all plants from one single platform Comparison between different plants, trend analysis Monitoring for all management levels Maintenance management, investment management, ROI, ... Online Diagnosis Yield/PR Forecasting Service Forecasting
Outlook

Pilot plant to be equipped in Q2 FY2012

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Siemens Energy 2012