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SCHOOL
Secondary 2 Exp / NA / NT
Design & Technology 2009
Mechanism Module
Name : _________________________
Class : ____________
Teacher : __________________________
Sec 2 Design & Technology Mechanism Module
Introduction to Mechanism
Mechanisms are devices that have been designed to make jobs easier. They
all have certain things in common:
Motions in Mechanism
• rotary motion
• oscillating motion
• linear motion
• reciprocating motion
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Rotary Motion
Oscillating Motion
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Linear Motion
Reciprocating Motion
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• A simple gear system uses two gears, which may be of different sizes.
• If one of these gears is attached to a motor or a crank then it is called
the driver gear. The gear that is turned by the driver gear is called the
driven gear.
• Idler gear is a gear meshed between the driver and driven gear. It
allows the turning of both driver and driven to be in the same direction.
• Complex gear system uses more than 1 set of gears.
Idler Gear
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• A type of gear that has straight, flat-topped teeth set parallel to the
shaft. Spur gears are the most common type of gears used.
• Spur gears are meshed at parallel axles.
• The driver and driven gears rotated in the opposite direction
• Speed of the gear can be varied by varying the sizes of the gear
diameter
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Worm gear
Worm wheel
• The rack and pinion mechanism consists of a straight rod (the rack)
which has a number of gear teeth with a small gear wheel (the pinion).
• The pinion is fixed on a shaft. When the pinion turns it makes the rack
move in a straight line. Pulling or pushing the rack makes the pinion
turn.
Rack
Pinion
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• One method of transmitting force and rotary motion from one shaft to
another is by using Belts and Pulleys.
• It utilizes a V-belt to connect the pulley together
• Speed of the pulley can be varies by varying the size of the pulley
diameter
Pulley
Belt
Mechanism – Crank
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Mechanism – LeadScrew
Mechanism – Linkages
1. Reverse Motion
2. Parallel Motion
3. Crank & Slider
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Reverse Motion Linkages are used to change the direction of motion. A single
lever with a pivot at its centre reverses an input motion without affecting the
input force. The input force and length of transmitted movement can be
increased or decreased by altering the position of the pivot.
Parallel linkages are used to make two or more parts of a mechanism move
together and stay parallel to each other as the linkage moves
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Water Pump
Exercise 1 – Fun with Mechanisms
In this exercises, you are to investigate each mechanism set. You are required
to answer all the questions. You can answer the questions in any order.
Reminder:
• You are to take care of the equipment. Do not remove any parts from
the kit.
Input
linkage
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Parallel Linkage
Input Crank
Output linkage /
slider
Output Gear
Spur Gears Input Gear
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Input Pinion
Rack & Pinion
Output Rack
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Input pulley
Belt & Pulley
Output pulley
Let this be
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worm wheel
Sec 2 Design & Technology Mechanism Module
As the input crank is turned in a clockwise direction (rotary), the worm gear
will turned (rotary) in the same direction. The worm gear (rotary) in contact will
turn the worm wheel (rotary). This is the same if the crank is turned in the
opposite direction. The worm wheel (rotary) will turn the Output pulley (rotary).
The speed of the Output pulley is slower than the speed of the turning crank
Let this be
the Output
Let this be
the Input
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Let this be
the
Output/Shaft
Let this be
the input /
crank
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Let this be
the input Let this be
the Output
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Let this be
the Output
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Handle
Movable
Stationary part
part
F-Clamp
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Leadscrew
As the handle is turned (rotary) in the clockwise direction, the movable part
will move towards the stationary part. The movable part is moving in a linear
motion. As the handles is turned in the anticlockwise direction, the movable
part moves apart from the stationary part.
Handle
Machine Vice
Movable jaw
Fixed jaw
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Table top
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Bench Drilling
Machine
Chuck / Chuck
Key
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Bench Drilling
Machine
Drill bit
shaft
Motor
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Crank
Movable jaw
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Sawing
machine
Movable Saw
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Wheel
2
Wheel
1
Motorized
wheel
1. Identify the mechanism that is applied:
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Handwheel
Lathe turning machine
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