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ComNet - 2007
Introduction: GSM
Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) Currently ~ 670 networks in 213 countries and territories Frequency bands (MHz) 450, 850, 900, 1800, 1900 Very rapid growth in subscribers (1275M-2/05, 1600M-12/05, 2000M-12/06) Aggressive evolution to 3G EDGE, Wideband CDMA Air Interface Based on FDD TDMA Raw bit rate: 270.83 kbps Each physical channel is shared (TDMA) by 8 users Data service: HSCSD (Circuit-Switched) & GPRS (Packet-Switched)
Single TRX (Single carrier) Low power Supports multiple bands GSM 900, 1800 and 1900 Standard compliant Remote monitoring capability Low cost
POE
BSC
Antenna
MLSE based receiver Generates soft-bit (SOVA) Implemented on DSP Processor loading: ~60 % (MIPS) Standards compliant Transparent to GPRS reception
8 4.615 ms
3 bits
57 bits
1 26 bits 1 577 s
57 bits
Raw Bit Rate per Slot: 270.8*(114/156)*(12/13)/8 = 22.8 kbps General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) = 14.4 kbps / Slot High Speed Circuit-Switched Data (HSCSD) = 64 kbps / 4 Slot
EDGE Enhanced Data rate for Global Evolution Enhancement of GPRS is EGPRS and HSCSD is ECSD Retains GSM characteristics: Symbol duration Frame structure Spectral characteristics Constellation: GMSK (1bit/sym) and 8PSK (3bit/sym) Symbol duration: 3.69 S. Delay Spread as high as 17 S Traditional GSM Equalizer: MLSE
Memory Length (L):5 No. of State in MLSE: GSM 2L (32) EDGE 8L (32768)
** Number of Channel Taps: L + 1
Frequency-Domain Multiplication
copy CP
B l o c k (i+1)
N samples
Data Training Data Pre-Amble Data & Training Sequence Sequence (58+26+58) Post-Amble (58) (26) (58)
64-Pt Block
64-Pt Block
Training Sequence is used as known pattern and the cyclic prefix is constructed accordingly Separate FDE for Post-Amble and Pre-Amble Same channel values are used for both the FDE
Equalization of Post-Amble
Tail Symbols (3)
Post-Amble (58)
64-Pt Block
Cyclic Prefix Reconstruction
Pre-Amble (58)
64-Pt Block
Summary
Compared with Time-Domain MMSE Much better Implemented on DSP Standards compliant Possible enhancement: Over-sampling & receive diversity
MIPS
Cycles/ Burst Mega Cycles/ Second BF 537 600 MIPS
Memory
kBytes BF 537 64 kBytes
Best Case
(Shorter Channel)
13622
24
4%
7.4
11%
Worst Case
(Longer Channel)
25114
45
8%
7.6
11%