Jos Antonio Velzquez Jurez Strategic Management Notes from the lecture By 1911, Frederick Taylor was one

e of the most important thinkers about scientific management, because of his studies of engineering applied to business operations. Then, Henry Gantt created the "Gantt Chart", a tool that is still in use until nowadays In 1914, Henry Ford decided to increase the factory wages and reduced the workday to 8 hours. With this change, the employers became also in costumers. In 1916, in France, Henry Fayol with his work called "Administration industrielle et Gnrale", describes the importance of command chains, separations of functions and the relevance of planning. In 1920, the case teaching methods are introduced at Harvard Business School and a year later, in 1921, DuPont develops a multidivisional structure in order to keep in order its diversified markets Between 1921 and 1924, in Germany, there were higher levels of hyperinflation, where the exchange rate was $1 US Dollar=1,000,000 DM Also, un 1924, in Chicago, the Hawthorne studies began at Western Electric's. 4 years later, in 1929, the USA economy and stock markets collapsed terribly. It lasts for at least 12 years until 1941 In the early 30's, Elton Mayo with his colleagues started the human relations movement where they explained that workers may feel disrespected from management if they are nor recognized for their labor. By 1935, John Maynard Keynes mentioned that in times of crisis, the state must intervene in order to create demand and jobs. In 1938, Germany invades Poland and later France in 1939, starting the World War II In 1943, Abraham Maslow discovers the motivation of people beyond survival in his article "A theory of Human Motivation". By 1945, the World War II ends and a year later in 1946, the baby boom begins In 1951, Elliot Jacques suggests that managers should be careful about long-term impact of decisions. Peter Drucker, in his 1954 work called The practice of Management, develops a vocabulary more humanistic for management. Douglas McGregor develops during the 1960's The Theories X and Y where he mentioned that workers will shirk unless they're closely policed.

 By the decade of 1960, the Boston Consulting Group introduced the growth share matrix which explains the relationship among market share and market grow. During the decade of 1970, the electronic credit card begins and China joins the UN In 1975, Henry Mintzberg in his work called "The Manager Job: Folklore and Fact", shows how managers use intuition and relationships in their work. By the late 70's Michael Porter creates his midel of the 5 forces where he outlines those five forces that affect competitive positioning. In 1980, Michael Porter with his works "Competitive Strategies" and "Competitive Advantage" published in 1985, gave a new rigor to the study of strategy. The discipline of innovation published by Peter Drucker in 1985 offers a systematic approach to creative process. During the decade of 1990, financial crisis in Mexico, the NAFTA, the Maastricht treaty forms for European Union and the fall down of Soviet Union changed the environment a lot and made a huge influence on making decisions, In 1992, Robert Kaplan and David Norton published the Balanced Scorecard which empathizes the importance of nonfinancial performance measures. 5 years later, in 1998, Daniel Goleman in his book "What makes a leader? discusses about emotional intelligence in the workplace.

From year 2000, there were a lot of political, social and economical events that changed the world and its behavior. For example the start of several European countries currency conversion to euro between the years 2000 and 2002, modified the financial system not only in Europe, but all around the world. During that the political situation seemed affected by the September 11 attacks to New York and Washington. The creation of Facebook changed the way that people communicates but at the same time in 2007, an economic recession began and affected and still affects the European Union and sent to United States to a difficult situation where the economy of the country seemed affected.