Important Terms for Course: includes every important term, but not every important idea Whole Course

Terms (not in caps): Naturalism- the way things are, warts and all Abstraction simple geometric shapes. Simplest of the simple Idealism perfection, the way we want things to be Chiaroscuro sharp gradients, clear dark, bright obscure Contrapposto weight on one foot and the effects it has on the body position devotional gaze the wide open eyes staring toward God

Midterm Terms (down to end of column) Paleolithic 35,000 BC -8,000 BC, cave art with stone tools, migration, made use of natural protrusions of the caves. Small figures discovered. Near Eastern: Sumeria- ziggurats, nature Assyrian bilateral symmetry, stylization, geometric simplification of shapes. Winged bull man, made to impress animal domination Egyptian architecture, blockular and triangles, Men-red, women- white, Agricultural, devotional gaze first seen. Hierarchical scale -pharaohs, gold decorated, amarna period- slightly more naturalistic. Bilateral symmetry, post lintel construction Early Greek: Minoan tapering columns, blue, animals important, bull leaping, dolphins Mycenaean- gold work, stylized abstract, gold plated mask Etruscan gender equality, archaic smile alive and happy, 8th century BC, bold and simple about common daily activities. Terracotta stuffs Greek Vase Painting: Black-figure 650, 570 BC, Red-figure 440 BC better naturalism, repeated abstract figures Greek Sculpture: Archaic- idealism, me n only 650 480 BC Severe 480-450 fabric fold attempts, some naturalism, contrappasto, bronze Classical 450-400 idealized men in prime physical condition, good fabric drapery 4th-century/Transitional heads show wrinkles, creativity experimentation, both sexes Hellenistic circ. 240-220 - very naturalistic, old women and children. Greek Architecture: Doric simple columns, full columns all the way around, post lintel

Ionic- taper upwards, volute swirly capital, column bases Corinthian leafy capital at the top of column Roman Sculpture: Republican Naturalism showed people they didnt like the way they are Imperial Idealism imported Greek artists, built to honor the empire and emperor, idealized athlete and important favored figures. Late abstraction Roman Fresco paint on fresh plaster, beginning of atmospheric perspective, blending, shadows Roman Architecture: temple- partial columns, high platforms, basilica religious buildings, arch, aqueducts, multi-layered, amphitheaters, coffer, pantheon, domes, decorated inside more Early Christian Sculpture, Painting & Mosaic halos, mandorla- oval/almond shaped halo, art for liturgy, popes robes, ivory carvings, Early Christian Architecture house church with baptismal and paintings, St. Peters basilica transepts, nave and crossing. Byzantine Art: 400-1453 AD Mosaic- combines Christian iconography with byzantine politics, shimmering effect, Icon used for worship, Manuscripts 1,000 AD Byzantine Architecture: Greek cross plan equal length arms, half domes, hagia Sophia, space and light, similar to early Christian architecture Hiberno-Saxon Manuscript Illumination: Lindisfarne Gospels, Book of Kells- climax of movement, elaborate designs with meanings intertwined, decorating letters Islamic Art & Architecture- temples, very tradition oriented, Crdoba striped arches Ottonian Art & Architecture 938-1035- out of proportion hands and feet, emphasize certain body parts, illuminated manuscripts, funky drapery Romanesque Architecture cross shaped churches, arches, geometric shapes used Romanesque Sculpture tympanum, exaggerated figures, members, weird draping, show events, columnarity, pea pod legs Gothic Architecture upward pointy spires, pointed arches, going up to god, overly decorated Gothic Sculpture 1140-1400, more detached, better drapery, more natural, like real people, very large stained glass,

Final Terms (this whole column) Flemish Painting: Van Eyck (Low countries) - Ghent altarpiece, self portrait, couple. hypernaturalism. People are all very serious in portraits. Early Renaissance Sculpture & Architecture (1300-1500): very large domes, Medici palace Brunelleschi Italy. Church of Santo Spirito, Donatello Bronze David made young and beautiful and naked. Early Renaissance Painting: Triangles begin to appear connecting faces or using dark and light. Mythological scenes. Giotto Arena Chapel Frescoes. Early Madonna. Da Vinci Madonnas, portraits, and last supper Michelangelo (Italy): Painting Sistine chapel. Sculpture pieta in St. Peters. Nude Marble David. High Renaissance Painting (1500-1525): stable, triangular, or circular compositions. Perspective begins to appear. Raphael (south) Philosophy and Theology. Secular and sacred, naturalistic portrait and biblical scene which has been idealized. Northern Renaissance: hypernaturalism, sacred or secular. Drer (German) print making. Adam and eve, four horsemen of the apocalypse. Makes animals and signs to prevent copying. Self portraits, profiles include hands and makes triangles. Mannerism (1525-1600): compositions out of balance, disproportion, unusual elements. Architecture is more open to utilize natural light. late Michelangelo the last judgement, more naturalistic and strange proportions, Parmigianino- self portrait in convex mirror. Stretched parts and porcelain faces. Baroque(1600): diagonal composition, sharp bright and dark contrasts, simplified landscape. Architecture, increased elaboration, curved facades. Biblical scenes in modern places. More naturalism used. Several types of paintings. Tintoretto - Italy, wedding at Cana, stealing the body of st. Mark. Not balanced. Main subjects are immediately noticed. Caravaggio Italian. Christ with doubting Thomas, conversion of St. Paul. Strong lighting and lower-class figures included. dark light contrast, Velazquez Spanish, water carrier and las meninas, portrait of juan de pareja. Rembrandt - Dutch, military company of Captain Frans Banning. Drawings. Return of prodigal son. Vermeer Dutch, women by windows. Bernini Italian marble David portrays the climax of the story, fountain of the four rivers. Canopy in St. Peters. ecstasy of saint Teresa. Borromini Italian. Architecture, dome and faade of san carlo alle Quattro fontane. Rococo Architecture & Sculpture: style of French art associated with the reign of Louis XV. Light ornamental elegance. White and gold colors. Gilded decorations, fake marble columns, and painting. Elegant portraits, porcelain faces. Neoclassical: alternative to Rococo, classical antiquity. Started revivals. Changed with politics. Definite brighter colors. Architecture columns and domes State capitol, Monticello. Painting, & Sculpture: Death of Socrates, Parnassus. Moralizing themes. Bejamin West, historical paintings. Gothic Revival Architecture (1830-1870) used in houses and small churches. Barry & Pugin the houses of parliament. Romanticism: element of struggle, emotion over reason. Subjective view of the artist, not a single unified style. Landscapes. Friedrich Abbey in the oak Forest Realism: application of naturalism to non-elite subjects. Utopianism. Everyday scenes (similar to baroque genre-painting) paintings became political Courbet burial at ornans, Stone breaker, La Falaise, very real, depressing themes. Impressionism: thick/quick brushstrokes. Fuzzy edges. Capturing light/colored shadows, almost no black. Parody or low subjects. Political rebellion. Turner the slave ship, shows political tension.

Manet French, scandalous subjects, more figurative, hard edge, Monet particular moments, visual reality. Rodin the thinker, the kiss, balzac the Burghers of Calais, sculptures showed historical figures the same as contemporary citizens. Romanesque Revival Architecture: (1870-1905) used in non-church buildings. Richardson central market, York, PA Post-Impressionism: harder edges, bolder colors, breaking away from perspective. optical experiments. More engagement in non-Western art. Architecture has tension between ornament and function. Self similarity ratios. Seurat pointillism. Van Gogh irises, starry night, the night caf, paints energy rather than scenes Cubism: expressing objects as geometrical shapes. Analytical multiple perspectives at once & Synthetic collage, consciously flat, often uses words or music: Picasso les demoiselles davignon, ma jolie, shows thing from multiple viewpoints in one 2-d painting. German Expressionism: very abstract or stylized pictures. Die Brcke false color for emotion, more figurative. Der Blaue Reiter no visible subject but internal truth, more abstract. Kirchner Street, Berlin, intense colors, sharply stylized figures and distorted perspective. Abstract Expressionism: non-objective painting, unique individuality. Pollock random splattered painting with eyes closed Fantasy: exploring the expression of their persona, inner visions. De Chirico the melancholy and mystery of a street. Modernism: Demuth I saw figure 5 in gold. Illusionism Skyscraper: Sullivan small decorations Modernist Architecture: very square. Wright Unity Temple, Robie house. Angular with Cantilever. Uses color and texture instead of decorations. De Stijl(the style) carrying abstraction to its ultimate goal & Bauhaus: institution to creat art that is universal and comprehensible to all humanity. Dutch. Gropius founded Bauhaus. International Style Architecture: huge glass and steel, little ornament. Flash cube, glass boxes. Van der Rohe seagram building, Minimalism: very difficult to understand what it is about. Rothko- painting horizontal blocks and squares. Pop Art: Lichtenstein painted comic like portrayals of previously seen scenes. Balance in scenes. Bright color and bold lines. Warhol Marilyn Diptych and Campbells soup. Op Art: uses mainly geometric simple shapes to create optical illusions. Riley Britannia, aprs-midi, Fete New/Photo-Realism: Hanson motorcycle accident, tourists, museum guard, linda, self portrait. Close digitalized looking squared make up a larger image. Installation Art: very large art, rooms, volcano, often uses nature. Holzer truism and blacklist. Circle used in compositions. Conceptual Art: stresses the individual creative acts. Kosuth three chairs show how art is formed and thought up Video Art: Anderson- United states, the nerve bible. Postmodern/Deconstructive Architecture: playful but incoherent references to the past. Graves Portland Public Services Building a big present, Hyatt hotel- round like ancient Roman style, w/ tympanum.