Inside Out

Intermediate Companion
German Edition
Sue Kay, Vaughan Jones & Jill Leatherbarrow

New

Welcome to the New Inside Out Intermediate Companion!

What information does the New Inside Out Companion give you? a summary of key words and phrases from each unit of New Inside Out Intermediate Students Book pronunciation of the key words and phrases translations of the key words and phrases sample sentences showing the words and phrases in context a summary of the Grammar Extra Reference from New Inside Out Intermediate Students Book

Abbreviations used in the Companion

(art) article (v) (v*) (n) verb irregular verb noun (phr v) phrasal verb (pron) pronoun (prep) preposition (det) determiner (f) feminine (m) masculine (pl n) plural noun (adv) adverb (conj) conjunction

(adj) adjective

Vowels and dipHthongs

// /i/ /U/ /u/ /e/ // // // // // /b f/ /grin binz/ /d lk/ /blu mun/ /ten egz/ /bat m/ /ln wdz/ /t tk/ /ft kt/ /mst km/ // // // /e/ // // // /e/ /a/ /a/ calm start hot spot ear face pure boy nose hair eye mouth /km stt/ /ht spt/ // /fes/ /pj/ /b/ /nz/ /he/ /a/ /ma/

Consonants
/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ /f/ /v/ // // pen bad tea dog church jazz cost girl far voice thin then /pen/ /bd/ /ti/ /dg/ /tt/ /dz/ /kst/ /gl/ / fr/ /vos/ /n/ / en/ /s/ /z/ // // /m/ /n/ // /h/ /l/ /r/ /w/ /j/ snake noise shop measure make nine sing house leg red wet yes /snek/ /noz/ /p/ /mer/ /mek/ /nan/ /s/ /has/ /leg/ /red/ /wet/ /jes/

big fish green beans should look blue moon ten eggs about mother learn words short talk fat cat must come

Unit 1
Friends (page 4)
admire (v) /dma/ Which famous person do you admire most? bewundern anonymously (adv) /nnmsli/  If you give something anonymously, you give it without telling people anonym who you are. average (adj) /v()r/ How many numbers does the average young person have on their durchschnittlich mobile phone? on average /n v()r/ On average, how many friends do young people communicate im Durchschnitt regularly with online? brief (adj) /brif/ The film La Vie en Rose reminded David how brief life can be. kurz brush (against) (v) /br (gnst)/ If something brushes against you, you feel it touch your body. streifen confide (v) /knfad/ If you confide in someone, you tell them your private thoughts and jmdm anvertrauen feelings. Abendessen mit Gsten dinner party (n) /dn pti/ A dinner party is a nice meal for several guests that is eaten in the evening at a friends home. ab-/hinunterspringen von dive (off) (v) /dav (f)/ If you dive off something, you move suddenly from it towards the ground. dream dinner party/holiday etc /drim dn pti/hlde/ Your dream dinner party is one where you invite all your favourite Traumparty/-urlaub people. English-speaking (adj) /glspik/ The United States and Australia are English-speaking countries. englischsprachig fall in love /fl n lv/ La Vie en Rose reminded David how wonderful it is to fall in love. sich verlieben fear (n) /f/ My greatest fear is standing on stage in front of thousands of people Angst and forgetting what to say! Beerdigung funeral (n) /fjunrl/ A funeral is a ceremony for someone who has died. Geschenk gift (n) /gft/ A gift is another word for a present. graduate (v) /grduet/ When das Studium erfolgreich Will and Tina graduated from university, they went their separate abschlieen ways. guilty pleasure /glti ple/ Freude nicht ohne A guilty pleasure is one you enjoy but feel slightly ashamed of. Schuldgefhle improve (v) /mpruv/ Technology has improved the world in some ways, but not in others. verbessern

About you: Q & A (page 5)

just taking it easy /st tek t izi/ What are you doing this weekend? Just relaxing and taking it easy. sich entspannen keep busy /kip bzi/ If you keep busy, you always have something to do. sich beschftigen Will earns much more money than Tina so they have very different lifestyles. lifestyle (n) /lafstal/ Lebensstil a living (n) / lv/ What do you do for a living? Im a doctor. Lebensunterhalt local (adj) /lkl/ She was looking for someone to share the house and put an Lokal advertisement in the local newspaper. memory (n) /mem()ri/ Your earliest memory is the first thing you remember doing as a child. Erinnerung mortal (adj) /mrtl/ All human beings are mortal we are all going to die. sterblich the ocean (AmE) /i n/ The ocean is an American expression that means the same as the der Ozean British expression the sea. einem klar werden realise (v) /rlaz/ David was happiest before he realised his family were all mortal. erhalten receive (v) /rsiv/ Do you prefer giving or receiving gifts? erinnern remind (v) /rmand/ The film reminded David of how brief life is. mieten rent (v) /rent/ Tina and Will rented the same house. ersetzen replace (v) /rples/ Technology has replaced a lot of face-to-face interaction. Forschung; Untersuchung research (TS) (n) /rs; ris/ Hi, Carole, can I ask you a question for some research were doing? Befriedigung satisfaction (n) /stsfkn/ I dont earn a lot but I get a lot of satisfaction from my job. teilen share (v) /e/ We shared the same house for nearly three years. auf der Bhne on stage /n ste/ When an actor is on stage, he or she is performing in a theatre in front of an audience. sofort straightaway (adv) /stretwe/ If something happens straightaway, it happens immediately. gestresst stressed (adj) /strest/ Does technology make us happier or more stressed? etwas tun sollen be supposed to be doing sth /b spzd t b du Im sorry, Ive forgotten what Im supposed to be doing. sm/ If you do a survey, you ask a lot of people their opinion about something. Umfrage survey (v) /sve/ topic (n) /tpk/ A topic is a subject you talk or write about. Thema untidy (adj) /ntadi/ Tina was very untidy I dont think she knew where we kept the vacuum unordentlich cleaner!

Adverbs of frequency/Adverb phrases of frequency (page 7)

all the time always every day/week/weekend

/l tam/ Sharon texts all the time. die ganze Zeit; stndig /lwez/ Shes always online chatting with friends. immer /evri de/wik/wikend/ jeden Tag/jede Woche/jedes She calls me on Skype from Australia every weekend. Wochenende
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from time to time never normally not very often now and again occasionally once/twice/three times etc a day/week rarely regularly usually

/frm tam t tam/ Adam von Zeit zu Zeit texts from time to time, but not very often. /nev/ Sharon nie(mals) never sends emails. /nml()i/ normalerweise Carole normally uses the telephone. /nt very fn/ Sharon nicht sehr oft doesnt speak on the phone very often. /na n gen/ ab und zu Now and again she uses Skype. /kenli/ Adam gelegentlich texts occasionally, but not very often. /wns/twas/ri tamz einmal/zweimal am Tag/ He checks his emails twice a day. / de/wik/ pro/Woche /reli/ selten I rarely write letters nowadays. /regjlli/ A regelmig lot of young people regularly use messaging. /juli/ normalerweise How do you usually contact your friends?

Communication and Technology (Keeping in touch) (page 6)

chat (with) (v) check your email close friendship (n) communicate (v) contact (v) email (n) face-to-face (adv) face-to-face interaction /t (w) / Sharon is always online and chats with friends every evening. chatten (mit) /ek jr imel/ Email checken/berprfen How often do you check your email? /kls frendp/ A close friendship is one in which two people know each other very well. enge Freundschaft /kmjunket/ Nowadays a lot of people communicate regularly online. kommunizieren /kntkt/ How do you usually contact your friends by phone, email or text? kontaktieren /imel/ How often do you check your email? Email /fes t fes/ Do you prefer communicating online or face to face? direkt; persnlich /fes t fes ntrkn/ Technology has replaced a lot of face-to-face interaction. das persnliche, direkte Gesprch letter (n) /let/ Carole rarely writes letters nowadays. Brief (online) messaging (n) / (nlan) mes/ Sharon uses online messaging to chat with her friends. Online-Nachrichtendienst mobile phone (n) /mbal fn/ How many numbers do you have on your mobile phone? Handy; Mobiltelefon online (adv) /nlan/ Do men or women spend most time online? online by phone/email/text /ba fn/imel/tekst/ How do you usually contact your friends by phone, email or text? per Telefon/Email/SMS pick up the phone /pk p fn/ zum (Telefon)hrer greifen Carole usually contacts her friends by picking up the phone. Skype (n) /skapi/ Skype is a technology that allows you to use your computer like a Skype telephone. soziale Netzwerke aufbamen Facebook and myspace are social networking sites. social networking (TS) /sl netwk/ hier: SMS-Nachricht text (n) /tekst/ How many texts do you get a day? SMS schicken text (v) /tekst/ Adam texts from time to time but usually uses the phone.

Friendship expressions
become close friends click (straightaway) (v) come from different backgrounds drift apart fall out (phr v) get on well (together) go your separate ways have a lot in common have your ups and downs hit it off be opposites (TS) Shell/Hell always be there for me. /bkm kls frendz/ We enge Freunde werden had a lot in common and quickly became close friends. /klk (stretwe) / anklicken (sofort) We clicked straightaway and I told Will he could move in. /km frm dfrnt unterschiedlicher Herkunft If two people come from different backgrounds, bkgrandz/ sein they have very different lifestyles. /drft pt/ Their sich auseinanderleben lifestyles are very different now and theyve drifted apart. /fl at/ sich streiten If two people fall out, they have an argument. /get n wel (tge) / sich gut verstehen We get on well together and are close friends. /g j seprt wez/ eigene Wege gehen After university, they went their separate ways. /hv lt n kmn/ viel miteinander gemein We have one thing in common were both crazy about football. haben /hv jr ps n danz/ Everyone has ups and downs good moments and bad moments. Hhen und Tiefen haben /ht t f/ When two people hit it off, they like each other a lot. mit jmd prima auskommen /bi pzts/ Despite being friends, Antonia and Jackie are opposites in many ways. gegenstzliche Charaktere haben /il/hil lwez b e Although our lifestyles are different, Tina will always be there for me. Sie Erwird immer fr mich f mi/ da sein.

Meeting friends unexpectedly

Greetings
How are things? Hows it going? Hows life? /ha / haz t g/ /haz laf/ Wie stehts ? Wie gehts? Was macht das Leben? How are things? Fine. Hows it going? Not bad. Hows life? Great, thanks!

Saying things are OK

Fine. Great! Not bad. /fan/ /gret/ /nt bd/ Gut. Groartig! Nicht schlecht. How are things? Fine. Hows life? Great! Hows it going? Not bad.

Asking for news

What are you up to these days? /wt ju p tu iz dez/ Was machst du heutzutage? What are you up to these days? Oh, keeping busy, you know.

What have you been up to lately?

/wt v j bn p tu letli/

Was hast du neulich gemacht?

What have you been up to lately? Not a lot, really.

Saying youre in a hurry

Better get back to the office. /bet get bk t i fs/ Im afraid I cant stop. /am fred a knt stp/ Look, I must dash. /lk a mst d/ Better get back to the office. See you. Muss zurck ins Bro. Im afraid I cant stop. Take care. Ich kann leider nicht bleiben. Hr zu, ich muss schnell weg. Look, I must dash Ill give you a call.

Goodbyes
Ill give you a call. See you. Take care. /l gv ju kl/ Look, Ich ruf dich an. I must dash Ill give you a call. /si ju/ Tschss. Better get back to the office. See you. /tek ke/ Pass auf dich auf. Im afraid I cant stop. Take care.

Unit 2
attack (v) /tk/ The dog ran towards Jake and tried to attack him. angreifen awesome (adj) (TS) /s()m/ Something that is awesome is very enjoyable or exciting. groartig; berwltigend bark (v) (TS) /bk/ An enormous dog ran towards me, barking like mad. bellen best-equipped (adj) /bestkwpt/ The best-equipped sports shop is the one that sells the most equipment. am besten ausgestattet book (v) /bk/ I called the skydiving centre and booked my first jump. buchen bump into sb (phr v) /bmp nt smbdi/ While I was walking to work, I bumped into an old friend. jmd ber den Weg laufen cloudless (adj) /kladls/ A cloudless day is fine and sunny with no clouds. wolkenlos collide (with) (v) /klad (w) / A skydiver collided with Mikes parachute and he fell and hit the ground. zusammenstoen disaster struck /dzst strk/ Disaster struck on Mikes 1040th jump when he had a serious accident. Da kam die Katastrophe drive into sth (phr v) /drav nt sm/ The car appeared out of nowhere and I nearly drove into it! hineinfahren fancy (v) /fnsi/ If you fancy someone, you think that they are very attractive. attraktiv finden female-only (adj) (TS) /fimelnli/ Female-only courses are designed to encourage women to start rock Nur-Frauen climbing. fr einen guten Zweck for charity /f rti/ If you do something for charity, you do it to make money for an organization that helps people.

free-fall(v) /frifl/ frei fallen Mike experienced a rush of adrenalin when he was free-falling. gallop (v) /glp/ galoppieren When a horse gallops, it runs very fast. go down (phr v) /g dan/ The untergehen sun goes down at the end of the day. heavily (adv) (TS) /hevli/ schwer If you fall heavily, you hit the ground very hard when you fall. be hooked (on sth) /b hkt n/ auf etwas stehen Mike is hooked on skydiving and cant live without it. jump (n) /mp/ Sprung From the first skydiving jump, Mike was hooked. kick-off (n) /kkf/ The Ansto; Anpfiff kick-off in football or rugby is the moment when the match starts. knock sb over (phr v) /nk smbdi v/ A umhauen player from the other team knocked Andy over and he fell heavily. motivation (n) /mtven/ Motivation Mikes only motivation to get better was so that he could start skydiving again. Ich hatte Mattscheibe. my mind went blank /ma mand went blk/ If your mind goes blank, you are unable to remember or think about anything. ein normaler Arbeitstag nine-to-five day (n) /nantfav de/ A nine-to-five day is a typical day at work for people who work in offices. No way! /n we/ Would you like to do a parachute jump? No way! Im too frightened! Auf keinen Fall! nothing else mattered /n els mtd/ Skydiving became my reason for living nothing else mattered. Es zhlte nichts anderes. roller coaster (n) /rl kst/ A roller-coaster is a large structure at a fair that you have fast rides on. Achterbahn runway (n) /rnwe/ A runway is a long road used by planes to land and take off. Start- und Landebahn rush of adrenalin (n) /r v drenln/ Mike experienced a rush of adrenalin when he was free-falling. Adrenalinsto show off (phr v) (TS) / f/ If you show off, you behave in a way that attracts peoples attention and angeben makes them admire you. sign (v) /san/ If you sign a document, you write your name on it using a pen. unterschreiben slow down (phr v) (TS) /sl dan/ Cindy started to slow down, ready to turn off the motorway. langsamer fahren be suspended in the air (TS) /b sspendd n i e/ Hangtime is when you jump and try to stay suspended in the air for as in der Luft hngen long as possible. tiny (adj) /tani/ Five of us walked to the runway and got into a tiny plane. winzig traffic jam (n) /trfk m/ I often get stuck in traffic jams on the way to work. Verkehrsstau training (n) /tren/ We had a days training before doing our first jump. Training turn off (phr v) (TS) /tn f/ Cindy started to slow down, ready to turn off the motorway. abbiegen

Adjectives
angry astonished boiling /gri/ She was angry when he arrived half an hour late. verrgert; zornig /stnt/ When you are astonished, you feel extremely surprised. erstaunt /bl/ Its hot in here. Hot? Its absolutely boiling! frchterlich hei

cold dirty exciting exhausted fascinating filthy freezing frightened funny furious gorgeous hilarious hot interesting pretty surprised terrified thrilling tired

/kld/ kalt Its cold in here. Cold? Its absolutely freezing! /dti/ schmutzig His clothes werent just dirty they were absolutely filthy! /ksat/ aufregend For Mike, skydiving is more than exciting, its absolutely thrilling. /gzstd/ erschpft When you are exhausted, you feel extremely tired. /fsnet/ faszinierend Shes a very interesting person to talk to fascinating, in fact. /fli/ vllig verdreckt His clothes werent just dirty they were really filthy! /friz/ eiskalt Its cold in here. Cold? Its absolutely freezing! /fratnd/ When erschrocken Jake saw the dog, he wasnt just frightened, he was terrified! /fni/ lustig It was a funny film. Funny? It was hilarious! /fjris/ She wtend was furious that he forgot to phone her. /gs/ bildhbsch Shes a pretty girl, isnt she? Pretty? Shes absolutely gorgeous! /hleris/ sehr komisch It was a funny film. Funny? It was hilarious! /ht/ hei Its hot in here. Hot? Its absolutely boiling! /ntrst/ Shes interessant a very interesting person to talk to fascinating, in fact. /prti/ hbsch Shes a pretty girl, isnt she? Pretty? Shes absolutely gorgeous! /sprazd/ berrascht I didnt think I would pass the exam so I was surprised to get 70%. /terfad/ When schreckliche Angst haben Jake saw the dog, he wasnt just frightened, he was terrified! /rl/ spannend; berwltigend For Mike, skydiving is more than exciting, its absolutely thrilling. /tad/ When mde you are exhausted, you feel extremely tired.

Complaints/Injuries
a bag of ice a black eye blisters (n pl) a broken arm/leg/thumb etc cream cramp (n) hurt your back/arm/foot etc keep your leg up lie down plaster / bg v as/ Youd better put a bag of ice on that black eye. Eisbeutel / blk a/ The ball hit me in the face and I got a black eye. blaues Auge /blstz/ Wed walked 25 kilometres and had terrible blisters on our feet. Blasen / brkn m/leg/m/ I got a broken thumb playing tennis. gebrochener, -s Arm/Bein/ Daumen /krim/ Put some cream on your nose its really red. Salbe /krmp/ People often get cramp when they havent drunk enough liquid. Muskelkrampf /ht j bk/m/ft/ She hurt her back lifting some heavy boxes. den Rcken/Arm/Fu verletzen /kip j leg p/ If youve got a twisted ankle, you should lie down and keep your leg up. das Bein hochhalten /la dan/ If youve got a twisted ankle, you should lie down and keep your leg up. sich hinlegen /plst/ You need to put some plasters on those blisters. Pflaster

be stung (by a wasp) sunburn (n) swollen (adj) a twisted ankle

/b st (ba wsp) /

gestochen werden (von If youre stung by a wasp, you should put some ice on the sting. einer Wespe) /snbn/ Youve got sunburn your nose is really red! Sonnenbrand /swln/ My wrist is swollen I think Ive twisted it. geschwollen / twstd kl/ Andy fell heavily on his leg and had a twisted ankle. verstauchter Knchel

Sports
athletics (n) /letks/ Athletics are sports events such as running races, jumping and throwing Leichtathletik things. badminton (n) /bdmntn/ Badminton is a game in which two or four players hit a shuttlecock Federball; Badminton across a net. Baseball is a very popular sport in the USA, but not very popular in the UK. Baseball baseball (n) /besbl/ basketball (n) /bsktbl/ Basketball is a game for two teams who get points by throwing a ball Basketball through a net. Boxkampf boxing (n) /bks/ Boxing is a very dangerous sport. Bungee-Jumping bungee jumping (n) /bni mp/ Bungee jumping is a sport in which you jump from a high place attached to a long piece of rubber. Radfahren cycling (n) /sakl/ I enjoy cycling and love watching the Tour de France. Angeln fishing (n) /f/ Fishing is a peaceful and relaxing sport. Fuball football (n) /ftbl/ Do you have a favourite football team? Golf golf (n) /glf/ Golf is a sport in which you try to hit a small white ball into a hole, using a stick. Reiten horse-riding (n) /hsrad/ Do you agree that horse-riding is more popular with girls? Eishockey ice hockey (n) /as hki/ Ice hockey is a sport played on ice in which two teams try to hit an object into the other teams net. Judo judo (n) /ud/ Judo is a sport in which you use your body to try to throw your opponent to the ground. Karate karate (n) /krti/ Karate is a sport from Japan in which people hit each other using their hands, feet, arms and legs. Drachen-Surfen kite surfing (n) /kat sf/ Toby says that kite surfing is the most exciting thing hes ever done. Klettern rock climbing (n) /rk klam/ Rock climbing can be dangerous so you must have the right equipment. Rugby rugby (n) /rgbi/ Rugby is a team sport that is played with a ball shaped like an egg. Laufen running (n) /rn/ Running is a popular way to keep fit.

sailing (n) /sel/ scuba diving (n) /skub dav/ skating (n) /sket/ skiing (n) /ski/ skydiving (n) /skadav/ snowboarding (n) /snbd/ surfing (n) /sf/ swimming (n) /swm/ table tennis (n) /tebl tens/ tennis (n) /tens/ volleyball (n) /vlibl/ windsurfing (n) /wndsf/

Segeln Sporttauchen Eislaufen Skifahren Fallschirmspringen Snowboarden Surfen Schwimmen Tischtennis Tennis Volleyball Windsurfen

Sailing is the sport of travelling across water in a boat. Scuba diving is the activity of swimming under water with a container of air on your back and a tube for breathing through. Skating is an activity in which you move quickly over a surface using special footwear called skates. Skiing is the sport of moving over snow using special footwear called skis. Skydiving is a sport in which you jump from a plane using a parachute. Snowboarding is a sport in which you move over the snow using a special board. Surfing is a sport in which you move over waves on the sea using a special board. Swimming after work helps me relax. Table tennis is a sport in which players hit a small white ball over a net in the middle of a table. Rafael Nadal and Roger Federer are both famous tennis players. Volleyball is a sport in which two teams hit a ball to each other over a high net. Windsurfing is a sport in which you move across water standing on a flat board with a sail.

Unit 3
entsetzt appalled (adj) /pld/ When Bill proposed to Ruth on the radio, his mother was shocked and appalled. wie Tag und Nacht be like chalk and cheese /bi lak k n iz/ Ben and Tony are very different in fact theyre like chalk and cheese. mit sich herumtragen carry around /kri rand/ A lot of people carry photos around of their family. anfechten challenge (v) /ln/ If you challenge someones opinions, you do not always accept or agree with them. jmd mit einem Stirnrunzeln When you frown at someone, you look at them as if you are annoyed. frown (at sb) (v) /fran (t smbdi) / anschauen eine Story kriegen The tabloid press have been waiting for us to split so they can get a story. get a story (TS) /get stri/ lovers (n pl) /lvz/ Two lovers are two people who have a romantic or sexual relationship. Liebhaber

jmd das Leben zur Hlle The tabloid press wouldnt leave us alone and made our lives hell! machen mess about (phr v) /mes bat/ When you mess about, you behave in a silly way. herumalbern precious (adj) /pres/ This photo is precious because it reminds me of why Im sponsoring kostbar Amanda. run a competition /rn kmptn/ einen Wettbewerb A radio station was running a competition called Two Strangers and a veranstalten Wedding. sponsor (v) /spns/ Sponsor Debra is sponsoring a child in India through Action Aid. Clare spotted Stan at the airport immediately he looked just like his photo. spot (v) (TS) /spt/ erkennen stare (at) (v) (TS) /ste(r) (t) / Ruth and Bill cant walk down the street without people staring at them. anstarren tabloid press (n) (TS) /tbld pres/ The tabloid press are newspapers that are not very serious. Boulevardpresse tension /tenn/ Chris and his girlfriend were playing the part of lovers so there was a lot Spannung of tension on the set.

make sbs life hell (TS)

/mek smbdiz laf hel/

Adjectives of Character
ambitious /mbs/ Someone who is ambitious wants to be successful. ehrgeizig amusing /mjuz/ Someone who is amusing makes you laugh. amsant arrogant /rgnt/ Someone who is arrogant thinks they are better or more important than arrogant other people. artistic /tstk/ Artistic people are creative and sensitive. knstlerisch begabt big-headed /bghedd/ Big-headed is a word that means the same as arrogant. grokopfert herrisch; kommandiert gerne bossy /bsi/ Someone who is bossy likes telling other people what to do. rum grozgig; tolerant broad-minded /brd mandd/ Someone who is broad-minded accepts different opinions and ways of behaving. frhlich cheerful /fl/ Someone who is cheerful is usually in a good mood. selbstsicher confident /knfd()nt/ Someone who is confident believes in themselves and is not nervous or frightened. rcksichtsvoll Someone who is considerate thinks about what other people want or feel. considerate /knsd()rt/ controlling /kntrl/ Someone who is controlling likes to control or dominate situations. beherrschend creative /krietv/ Someone who is creative has imagination and new ideas. kreativ demanding /dmnd/ Someone who is demanding needs a lot of attention. fordernd; anspruchsvoll down-to-earth /dantu/ Someone who is down-to-earth is practical and realistic. nchtern; pragmatisch

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dull /dl/ Someone schwerfllig; langweilig who is dull is not very interesting. easygoing /izig/ Someone gelassen; lssig who is easygoing is relaxed and calm. faithful /fefl/ Someone treu who is faithful supports their partner and does not have relationships with anyone else. Someone who is generous happily gives other people their time or money. grozgig generous /enrs/ hardworking /hdwk/ Someone who is hardworking works hard to achieve things. fleiig helpful /helpfl/ Someone who is helpful is ready to help other people. hilfsbereit Someone who is impractical is not sensible or good at doing practical things. impractical /mprktkl/ unpraktisch independent /ndpendnt/ Someone who is independent prefers to do things by themselves. unabhngig; selbststndig kind /kand/ Someone who is kind behaves in a way that shows you care about other freundlich people. loyal /ll/ Loyal is a word that means the same as faithful. loyal; treu mean /min/ Someone who is mean is unkind or unpleasant. gemein miserable /mz()rbl/ Someone who is miserable is unhappy or always in a bad mood. unglcklich modest /mdst/ Someone who is modest does not tell other people about their abilities bescheiden or achievements. engstirnig narrow-minded /nrmandd/ Someone who is narrow-minded does not accept different opinions or ways of behaving. optimistisch optimistic /ptmstk/ Someone who is optimistic is cheerful and thinks that good things will happen. kontaktfreudig outgoing /atg/ Someone who is outgoing is friendly and likes meeting other people. hflich polite /plat/ Someone who is polite behaves towards other people in a pleasant way that does not offend them. praktisch practical /prktkl/ Someone who is practical makes sensible decisions or choices. realistisch realistic /rlstk/ Someone who is realistic accepts and understands things as they are. entspannt relaxed /rlkst/ Someone who is relaxed does not easily get upset or annoyed. zuverlssig reliable /rlabl/ Someone who is reliable does what they say they will do. romantisch romantic /rmntk/ Someone who is romantic believes that things are better or more exciting than they are. grob; unhflich rude /rud/ Someone who is rude says or does things that offend other people. selbstsicher self-assured /selfd/ Self-assured is a word that means the same as confident. egozentrisch self-centred /selfsentd/ Someone who is self-centred is only interested in themselves and does not think of other people.

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selfish /self/ egoistisch; selbstschtig Selfish is a word that means the same as self-centred. sensitive /senstv/ Someone sensibel who is sensitive is aware of the needs of other people. serious /sris/ Someone ernsthaft who is serious thinks carefully about things and does not laugh much. schchtern shy /a/ Someone who is shy feels nervous or embarrassed when they are with other people. sozial; kontaktfreudig sociable /sbl/ Sociable is a word that means the same as outgoing. gesprchig talkative /tktv/ Someone who is talkative likes talking a lot. nachdenklich thoughtful /tfl/ Someone who is thoughtful thinks carefully about what other people want or need. gedankenlos thoughtless /tls/ Thoughtless means the opposite of thoughtful. tolerant tolerant /tlrnt/ Someone who is tolerant is willing to accept different ways of behaving or thinking. vertrauenswrdig trustworthy /trstwi/ Someone who is trustworthy can be trusted to do what they say they will do. untreu unfaithful /nfefl/ Someone who is unfaithful does not always support their partner and has relationships with other people. unfreundlich unfriendly /nfrendli/ Someone who is unfriendly does not like other people or want to help them. unrealistisch unrealistic /nrlstk/ Someone who is unrealistic does not accept or understand things as they are. unzuverlssig unreliable /nrlabl/ Someone who is unreliable does not do what they say they will do. selbstlos unselfish /nself/ Someone who is unselfish thinks of other people rather than themselves. witzig witty /wti/ Someone who is witty says amusing things and makes people laugh.

Family
aunt (n) boyfriend (n) brother (n) brother/mother-in-law etc (n) child (n)/children (pl) cousin (n) /ant/ /bfrend/ /br/ /br/m nl/ /ald/ldrn/ /kzn/ Tante Freund Bruder Schwager/Schwiegermutter etc. Kind/Kinder Cousin/Cousine Your aunt is the sister of your mother or father. Lizs new boyfriend is called John. Do you have any brothers or sisters? Your brother/mother-in-law is the brother/mother of your husband or wife. Some people name their children after famous people. Your cousins are the children of your aunt or uncle.

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daughter (n) /dt/ Tochter Madonna named her daughter Lourdes, after the town in France. ex-boyfriend/wife etc (n) /eks bfrend/waf / Exfreund; Exfrau etc. Your ex-boyfriend is the boy or man you used to go out with. Your ex-wife is the woman you are divorced from. Vater father (n) /fa/ Your father is your male parent. Freundin girlfriend (n) /glfrend/ Chriss girlfriend is an actor too. grandchild/grandparents etc (n) /grn ald/ Your grandchild is the child of your son or daughter. Enkel/-in; Groeltern grn pernts/ Your grandparents are the parents of your mother or father. great-aunt/grandfather etc (n) /gret ant/grnfa/ Your great-aunt/grandfather is the aunt/grandfather of your mother Grotante/Grovater or father. Halbbruder/-schwester half-brother/sister (n) /hafbr/sst / A half-brother/sister is a brother/sister who has either the same mother or the same father as you. (Ehe)mann; -gatte husband (n) /hzbnd/ Your husband is the man you are married to. Mutter mother (n) /m/ Your mother is your female parent. Neffe nephew (n) /nefju/ Your nephew is a son of your brother or sister. Nichte niece (n) /nis/ Your niece is a daughter of your brother or sister. Einzelkind only child (n) /nli ald / An only child does not have brothers or sisters. Eltern parents (n pl) /pernts/ Teenagers often have problems with their parents. Partner/-in partner (n) /patn/ Your partner is the person you live with but who you are not married to. Verwandte(r) relative (n) /reltv/ Your relatives are the people in your family. zweiter Mann/zweite Frau second husband/wife (n) /sekndhzbnd /waf/ Shes been married before Daves her second husband. Alleinerziehende(r) single parent (n) /sgl pernt / A single parent looks after their children alone and has no partner. Schwester sister (n) /sst/ Do you have any brothers or sisters? Sohn son (n) /sn/ David and Victoria Beckham named their son Brooklyn after an area in New York. Stiefvater/-mutter stepfather/stepmother etc (n) /stepfa/m / Your stepfather is your mothers second husband. Your stepmother is your fathers second wife. (eineiiger) Zwilling (identical) twin (n) /twn/ Ben and Tony are identical twins. Onkel uncle (n) /kl/ Your uncle is the brother of your father or mother. (Ehe)frau; -gattin wife (n) /waf/ Your wife is the woman you are married to.

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Relationships
deserve someone special /dzv smwn spel/ Liz jmd Besonderes verdienen is so lovely she deserves someone special. discuss things /dsks z/ ber Dinge diskutieren In a relationship, its important to discuss things. get in touch /get n t/ Kontakt aufnehmen Clare and Stan got in touch through an online dating site. get married /get mrd/ heiraten My mother-in-law hasnt spoken to us since the day we got married! give each other space /gv i spes/ sich gegenseitig Freiraum If partners give each other space, they allow each other to have some gewhren freedom and time alone. go your separate ways /g j seprt wez/ den eigenen Weg gehen Couples soon go their separate ways if they dont have anything in common. den Richtigen suchen be looking for Mr Right (TS) /bi lk f mst rat/ Clare is still single and looking for Mr Right. Liebe auf den ersten Blick love at first sight /lv t fst sat/ Do you believe in love at first sight? der Mann/die Frau deiner the man/woman of your / mn/wmn v j When Clare got in touch with Stan, she thought she had found the man Trume dreams drimz/ of her dreams. neuer Mann/neue Frau sbs new man/woman /smbdz nju mn/ What do you think of John, Lizs new man? wmn/ online-dating Website online dating site /nlan det sat Clare and Stan got in touch through an online dating site. jmd einen Heiratsantrag propose (to sb) /prpz (t smbd) / Bill proposed to Ruth on the radio, with 50,000 people listening! machen sich trennen split up (phr v) /splt p/ We didnt have much in common and split up after 6 months. Es gab keinen richtigen There was no real spark. (TS) /e wz n rl spk Their relationship didnt work out there was no real spark. Funken. 6 Monate/ein Jahr zusammen Weve been together for a year and are having a party to celebrate. be together for /bi tge f sks sein 6 months/a year etc mns/ j/

Unit 4
candelabra (n pl) cardboard (n) change your mind (TS) (Kerzen)leuchter /kndlbr/ In the 18th century craftsmen used candelabra to light up their workshops. /kdbd/ Nowadays the life-like statues are made of cardboard. Pappe /en j mand/ Wheres Suzy? Oh, she changed her mind at the last minute. die Meinung ndern; sich etwas anders berlegen

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craftsman (n) /krftsmn/ Handwerker Craftsmen are people who make beautiful or practical objects using their hands. Mchtest du ? Do you fancy ...? /du j fnsi/ Do you fancy coming to the cinema? Yes, good idea. Kle; Kndel dumplings (n pl) (TS) /dmplz/ Dumplings are small pieces of cooked food made from flour and water. sich an etwas machen get down to sth (phr v) /get dan t sm/ At night people get down to some serious celebrating. ber etwas hinwegkommen It will take me weeks to get over Las Fallas but Ive had the time of my life. get over sth (phr v) /get v sm/ high heels (n pl) (TS) /ha hilz/ Paul dressed up as Marilyn Monroe and wore lipstick and high heels! hohe Abstze life-like (adj) /laflak/ Life-like statues were dressed up to look like well-known local characters. lebensecht In the 18th century craftsmen used candelabra to light up their workshops. light up (phr v) /lat p/ beleuchten lipstick (n) (TS) /lpstk/ Lipstick is a coloured substance that women put on their lips. Lippenstift the locals (n pl) / lklz/ The locals are the people who actually live in a city or area. die Ortsansssigen In the 18th century craftsmen used candelabra to light up their workshops. workshop (n) /wkp/ Arbeitssttte be worth $200,000 /bi w tu hndrd Some of the statues are worth $200,000. $200,000 wert sein aznd jrz/

Collocations with make & do

do some decorating do a degree do some exercise do your homework do the ironing do a job do some research do some skiing make arrangements make a comment make a decision make an excuse make a mistake make money /du sm dekret/ Theyre doing some decorating in the new house. renovieren /du dgri/ She did a degree in French and Spanish. ein Studium absolvieren /du sm ekssaz/ You should do more exercise. sich bewegen; sich Bewegung verschaffen /du j hmwk/ deine Hausaufgaben machen I do my homework every evening after school. /du i an/ I hate doing the ironing! bgeln /du b/ What sort of job does he do? arbeiten; einem Beruf nachgehen /du sm rs/ris/ At the moment shes doing some research at the university. Forschungsarbeit machen /du sm ski/ We thought wed do some skiing over Christmas. skifahren /mek renmnts/ Theyre making arrangements for a party. organisieren /mek kment/ Could I just make a quick comment? eine Bemerkung machen /mek dsn/ Come on! Its time to make a decision. eine Entscheidung treffen /mek n kskjus/ She made an excuse about why she couldnt come. sich entschuldigen /mek mstek/ Everyone makes mistakes from time to time. einen Fehler machen /mek mni/ Its important to some people to make a lot of money. Geld verdienen

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make make make make make make

a noise a profit progress something clear a suggestion sure

/mek nz/ Stop einen Lrm machen making a noise! /mek prft/ The einen Gewinn machen company made a good profit this year. /mek prgres/ The Fortschritte machen children are all making good progress. /mek sm kl/ etwas klarmachen Make it clear that you want your guests to dress up. /mek ses()n/ einen Vorschlag machen Could I make a suggestion, please? /mek / auf etwas achten Make sure that theres enough space for people to dance.

Festivals
/bnfa/ To celebrate the end of winter, they burnt candelabra on bonfires. Feuer /brs bnd/ A brass band wakes everyone up in the mornings! Blaskapelle /bn dan/ When the last statue burns down the party is over. niederbrennen /bz/ The city is alive and buzzing all week. Die Stadt brummt. /selbret/ How do you celebrate New Year? feiern /selbrenz/ Chinese New Year celebrations go on for about three days. Feierlichkeiten / aniz nju j/ die chinesische Neujahrsfeier The Chinese New Year usually takes place in early February. /dekret/ Children decorate the statue of the Virgin Mary with flowers. schmcken /dekrenz/ Chinese people put red paper decorations on the walls. Schmuck / dsple v fawks/ There is a display of fireworks in the park at midnight. Feuerwerk /dres (sm) p/ The statues were dressed up to look like unpopular local characters. verkleiden /i li az v mn/ in den frhen People carry on eating and drinking until the early hours of the morning. Morgenstunden a family dinner (n) (TS) / fm()li dn/ On New Years Eve we have a big family dinner. ein Abendessen in der Familie fill up (phr v) /fl p/ The bars fill up at night and people carry on eating and drinking. sich fllen firecrackers (n pl) /fakrkz/ Firecrackers are fireworks that make a lot of loud noises. Knallfrsche fireworks (n pl) /fawks/ Fireworks are things that explode and produce coloured lights and Feuerwerkskrper noises at parties or festivals. flower parade (n) /fla pred/ For many people the highlight of the festival is the flower parade. Blumenparade bonfire (n) brass band (n) burn down (phr v) buzzing (adj) celebrate (v) celebrations (n pl) (TS) the Chinese New Year (n) decorate (v) decorations (n pl) a display of fireworks (n) dress (sth) up (phr v) the early hours of the morning frighten away bad luck go off (phr v) go on for a day/week etc /fratn we bd lk/ Red is the colour that frightens away bad luck. Unglck verscheuchen /g f/ Firecrackers go off every second or two. explodieren /g n fr de/wik/ Las Fallas, Valencias famous festival, goes on for a week. einen Tag/eine Woche dauern

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go up in flames /g p n flemz/ All in Flammen aufgehen the statues go up in flames before the end of the festival. highlight (n) /halat/ Hhepunkt For many people the highlight of the festival is the flower parade. join in (phr v) /n n/ sich anschlieen; mitmachen Everybody joins in the preparations for the festival. keep up with sb (phr v) /kip p w smbdi/ After mit jmd Schritt halten only an hours sleep its difficult for guests to keep up with the Valencians. sich auf etwas freuen look forward to (phr v) /lk fwd tu/ Valencians really look forward to Las Fallas, which takes place in March. Neujahrsvorstze machen make New Years /mek nju jz He made a New Years Resolution to stop smoking. Resolutions (TS) /rezlunz/ Neujahr New Year (n) /nju j/ In Europe we celebrate New Year on 1st January. Silvester New Years Eve (n) /nju jz iv/ The 31st December is New Years Eve. organisieren organise (v) /gnaz/ It takes a year to organise Las Fallas. Kostm outfit (n) /atft/ I usually try on several outfits before I go to a party. sich auf etwas vorbereiten Everybody spends the month before the Chinese New Year preparing for it. prepare (for sth) (TS) /prpe/ procession (n) /prsen/ A procession of 200,000 children march into the city centre. Umzug; Prozession public holiday (n) /pblk hlde/ A public holiday is a day when people do not work. gesetzlicher Feiertag put on a party /pt n pti/ The Valencians really know how to put on a party. eine Party veranstalten reach its climax /ri ts klamks/ The festival reaches its climax on 19th March when the statues are burnt. seinen Hhepunkt erreichen sbs wishes come true (TS) /smbdiz wz km tru/ jmds Wnsche werden wahr If your wishes come true, the things you hope for actually come true. serious celebrating /sris selbret/ The bars fill up and people get down to some serious celebrating. ordentliches Feiern a shower of explosions (n) / a v ksplnz/ Fireworks go off and midnight passes in a shower of explosions. ein Explosionsregen spectacular (adj) /spektkjl/ The fireworks display is absolutely spectacular! atemberaubend sweep away the bad luck (TS) /swip we bd lk/ Chinese people clean their houses to sweep away the bad luck. das Unglck wegfegen have the time of your life /hv tam v j laf/ I really enjoyed the festival in fact, I had the time of my life! die schnste Zeit deines Lebens verbringen Tracht; traditionelle Kleidung traditional dress (n) /trdn()l dres/ A procession of 200,000 children, all wearing traditional dress, march into the city centre. anprobieren try on (phr v) (phr v) /tra n/ I usually try on several outfits before I go to a party. leiser drehen turn (the music) down (phr v) /tn ( mjuzk) dan/ The musics too loud. Could you turn it down?

Parties
atmosphere (n) balloon (n) candle (n) /tmsf/ /blun/ /kndl/ Atmosphre Luftballon Kerze Its important to create a good atmosphere for a party. Balloons and candles add to the party atmosphere. Balloons and candles add to the party atmosphere.

17

clear up (the mess) (phr v) /klr p ( mes) / aufrumen; sauber machen I hate clearing up the mess after a party. delegate (v) /delget/ delegieren Delegate jobs you cant do everything yourself! fairy lights (n pl) /feri lats/ bunte Lichter Fairy lights are small lights used to decorate something. fancy dress (n) /fnsi dres/ Paul (Masken)kostm dressed up in fancy dress as Marilyn Monroe. fancy dress party (n) /fnsi dres pti/ Kostmfest A fancy dress party is one where everyone has to dress up. A farewell/leaving party is one that takes place to say goodbye to someone. farewell/leaving party (n) /fewel/liv pti/ Abschiedsfeier get people in the mood /get pipl n mud/ Soft lighting helps to get people in the mood for a party. Leute einstimmen golden rule (n) /gldn rul/ What are the three golden rules for organising a party? die goldene Regel host (n) /hst/ The host is the person who organises a party. Gastgeber/-in housewarming party (n) /haswm pti/ A housewarming party is one that people have when they have just Einzugsparty moved into a new house. ice-breaker (n) /as brek/ An ice-breaker is something that encourages people to be friendly to Eisbrecher each other. Glhbirne; Lampe light-bulbs (n pl) /latblbz/ Before the party, push back the furniture and change a few light bulbs. Unordnung the mess (n) / mes/ I hate clearing up the mess after a party. begren meet and greet /mit n grit/ Its important to have someone to meet and greet the new guests. sich unter . mischen mingle (with) (v) /mgl (w) / If you mingle with other people, you go and talk to them. sich vermischen mix (v) (TS) /mks/ She was happy that everyone mixed so well at her party. kontaktfreudige Person mixer (n) /mks/ Invite some good mixers wholl mingle with the other guests. Party-Liebhaber party animal (n) /pti nml/ Invite some party animals wholl get the dancing started. Partykleidung party clothes (n pl) /pti klz/ Nobody wants to be dressed as a gorilla when everyone else is in glamorous party clothes. zurckschieben push back /p bk/ Push back the furniture to make space for the dancing. keine . mehr haben run out of sth (phr v) /rn at v sm/ Make sure you dont run out of food and drink. If you want your guests to dress up, make it clear when you send invitations. Einladungen verschicken send invitations /send nvtenz/ soft lighting (n) /sft lat/ Soft lighting helps to create a party atmosphere. gedmpfte Beleuchtung stock up (on) (phr v) /stk p (n) / Stock up on chopped carrots for the vegetarians! aufstocken theme (n) /im/ The theme of the party was that everyone dressed up as something Thema beginning with the letter M. throw a party /r pti/ What are the golden rules for throwing a party? eine Party geben a warm welcome (n) / wm welkm/ A warm welcome makes your guests feel special. ein herzlicher Empfang

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Unit 5
adventurous (adj) (TS) ant (n) a balanced view (n) caterpillar (n) childhood (n) chop (v) (TS) cobra (n) cockroach (n) consumer (n) experiment (with) (v) a good source of ... (TS) grasshopper (n) grow up lifetime (n) per capita (adj) shoot (v) (TS) treat (n) /dven()rs/ abenteuerlustig Im not as adventurous as you and I havent travelled as much. /nt/ Ameise An ant is a small insect that lives in a large group. / blnst vju/ A ausgewogene Sichtweise happy childhood gives you a balanced view of food. /ktpl/ While Raupe Mark was in Africa he ate caterpillars. /aldhd/ Kindheit Your childhood is the period of your life when you are a child. /p/ zerhacken Julio used to chop vegetables in the kitchen. /kbr/ Kobra A cobra is a large poisonous snake. When Mark was in Indonesia he ate roasted cockroaches as a main course. /kkr/ Kchenschabe /knsjm/ The Swiss are the worlds biggest chocolate consumers. Verbraucher /kspermnt (w) / Emma Buntons family used to experiment with food. experimentieren / gd ss v/ Insects are a good source of protein and minerals. eine gute Quelle /grshp/ Mark ate lots of fried grasshoppers in Thailand. Grashpfer; Heuschrecke /gr p/ When I was growing up, we all used to eat round a table. aufwachsen /laftam/ The average person will consume 10,000 chocolate bars in a lifetime. Leben; Lebenszeit /p kpt/ The Swiss are the worlds biggest per capita chocolate consumers. pro Kopf /ut/ The shower scene in Psycho took seven days to shoot. aufnehmen /trit/ Restaurants were a treat for Emma when she was growing up. besondere Freude

Food
Fish
anchovies (n) /nvz/ cod (n) /kd/ hake (n) /hek/ lobster (n) /lbst/ mussels (n) /mslz/ prawns (n) /prnz/ salmon (n) /smn/ Sardellen Kabeljau Seehecht Hummer Muscheln Garnelen Lachs Anchovies are small fish that taste of salt. Cod is a common type of white fish. Hake is a large fish eaten as food. Lobster is a type of seafood with a long body, eight legs and two large claws. Mussels are a type of seafood consisting of a soft body inside a hard black shell. Prawns are small and pink and are a type of seafood. Salmon is a common type of fish with pink flesh.

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sardines (n) trout (n) tuna (n)

/sdinz/ /trat/ /tjun/

Sardinen Forelle Thunfisch

Sardines are small silver fish that people often buy in tins. A trout is a fish commonly eaten in food that lives in rivers or lakes. Tuna is a large fish that people often buy in tins.

Fruit
apple (n) /pl/ cherry (n) /eri/ fig (n) /fg/ grapefruit (n) /grepfrut/ lime (n) /lam/ mango (n) /mg/ melon (n) /meln/ orange (n) /rn/ peach (n) /pi/ plum (n) /plm/ raspberry (n) /rzbri/ strawberry (n) /strb()ri/ Apfel Kirsche Feige Grapefruit; Pampelmuse Limone Mango Melone Apfelsine Pfirsich Pflaume Himbeere Erdbeere An apple is a hard round fruit with green, red or yellow skin. A cherry is a small round red or or black fruit. A fig is a soft fruit with purple or green skin and a lot of seeds inside. A grapefruit is a fruit with yellow skin that looks like an orange. A lime is a fruit with green skin that looks like a lemon. A mango is a tropical fruit with red or green skin that is yellow inside. A melon is a large round fruit with yellow or green skin and orange, green or white flesh inside. An orange is a common round fruit with orange skin. A peach is a fruit with furry yellowish-pink skin. A plum is a small round fruit with purple, red or yellow skin. A raspberry is a small soft red fruit that grows on a bush. A strawberry is a small soft red fruit with a lot of very small seeds on its skin.

Meat
bacon (n) chicken (n) (TS) lamb (n) sausages (n) turkey (n) veal (n) /bekn/ /kn/ /lm/ /ssz/ /tki/ /vil/ Frhstcksspeck Hhnerfleisch Lamm Wrste Truthahn; Pute(r) Kalbfleisch Bacon is meat from a pig that British people sometimes eat for breakfast. Cobra tastes meaty a bit like chicken. Lamb is the meat from a young sheep. Sausages consist of a long thin tube of skin containing small pieces of meat. Turkey is white meat that is similar to chicken. Veal is the meat from a young cow.

Vegetables
aubergine (n) /bin/ Aubergines are long vegetables with purple skin. Aubergine bean (n) /bin/ There are many different types of beans including green beans and Bohne soya beans. cabbage (n) /kb/ A cabbage is a hard round vegetable with large green leaves. Kohl carrot (n) /krt/ A carrot is a long thin orange vegetable. Mohrrbe; Karrotte

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cauliflower (n) /klifla/ celery (n) /selri/ courgette (n) /ket/ cucumber (n) /kjukmb/ garlic (n) /glk/ leek (n) /lik/ lettuce (n) /lets/ mushroom (n) /mrum/ olive (n) /lv/ onion (n) /njn/ pepper (n) /pep/ potato (n) /ptet/ radish (n) /rd/ spinach (n) /spn/ tomato (n) /tmt/

Blumenkohl Sellerie Zucchini Gurke Knoblauch Lauch Kopfsalat Pilz Olive Zwiebel Paprika Kartoffel Radieschen Spinat Tomate

A cauliflower is a vegetable with a hard, round white part in the centre of green leaves. Celery is a long thin green vegetable, usually eaten raw in salads. A courgette is a long vegetable with dark green skin that looks like a cucumber. A cucumber is a long thin vegetable with green skin and is white inside, often eaten in salads. Garlic is a round white vegetable with strong flavour that is often added to food. A leek is a long thin vegetable that is white at one end with green leaves at the other. A lettuce is a vegetable with large thin green leaves, eaten raw in salads. A mushroom is grey or brown vegetable with a round top and a short stem. Olives are small and black or green they are eaten raw or used for their oil. An onion is a round vegetable with thin brown skin that tastes and smells very strong. A pepper is a red, green or yellow vegetable with small white seeds inside. Potatoes are common vegetables that are cooked in many different ways and often eaten as chips. A radish is a small pink or purple vegetable, eaten raw in salads. Spinach is a vegetable with dark green leaves that are cooked or eaten raw in salads. A tomato is round and red and often eaten in salads.

Other
antioxidant (n) (TS) bake (v) biscuit (n) bottled (adj) bread (n) burger and chips caffeine (n) Antioxidant /ntiksd()nt/ Chocolate contains antioxidants which protect the body against cancer. backen /bek/ When you bake something, you put it in the oven. Keks /bskt/ I often have a cup of tea with a biscuit as a snack. in Flaschen /btld/ A lot of people drink bottled water nowadays. Brot /bred/ I usually have bread and jam for breakfast. Burger mit Pommes Frites /bg n ps/ Kids love eating burgers and chips. Koffein /kfin/ Chocolate contains caffeine.

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chocolate-covered (adj) (TS) cocoa (n) cooked (adj) crme caramel (n) crisp (n) curry (n) dark chocolate (n) deep-fry (v) dish (n) (TS) draught (adj) egg (n) fast food (n) feast (n) (TS) flavour (n) fresh (adj) frozen (adj) fry (v) main course (n) (TS) mild (adj) milk chocolate (n) mineral (n) (TS) over-cooked (adj) peas (n) popcorn (n) (TS) protein (n) (TS) raw (adj) red (meat) (n) rice (n) roast (v) salt (n) salted peanuts (n) seafood (n)

/kltkvd/ mit Schokolade berzogen Have you ever eaten chocolate-covered peanuts? /kk/ White Kakao chocolate doesnt contain any cocoa. /kkt/ gekocht Do you prefer raw or cooked vegetables? /krem krmel/ Crme caramel Crme caramel is a sweet food made from cream, eggs and sugar. /krsp/ Chips Dont eat too many crisps theyre bad for you. /kri/ Curry Curry is a hot, spicy dish from India. /dk klt/ dunkle Schokolade Dark chocolate is healthier than milk chocolate. /dipfra/ fritieren When you deep-fry something, you cook it in a lot of hot oil. /d/ Gericht Mark has tasted many unusual dishes from around the world. /drft/ Do vom Fass you prefer bottled or draught beer? /eg/ Ei Bacon and eggs is a traditional British breakfast. /fst fud/ Fast Food Fast food is food such as burgers and chips. /fist/ Festessen Mark had a feast of insects when he was in Indonesia. /flev/ Whats Geschmack your favourite ice-cream flavour? /fre/ frisch I prefer eating fresh fish to frozen fish. /frzn/ gefroren I prefer eating fresh fish to frozen fish. /fra/ braten When you fry something, you cook it in hot oil. When Mark was in Indonesia he ate roasted cockroaches as a main course. /men ks/ Hauptgericht /mald/ Mild is a word that means the opposite of strong. mild /mlk klt/ A lot of milk chocolate contains very little cocoa. Milchschokolade /mn()rl/ Insects are a good source of protein and minerals. Mineral /vkkt/ Vegetables that are over-cooked dont have much flavour. verkocht /piz/ Peas are very small round green vegetables. Erbsen /ppkn/ I love eating popcorn at the cinema. Popcorn /prtin/ Insects are a good source of protein and minerals. Eiwei /r/ Raw meat or fish has not been cooked. roh /red (mit) / rotes Fleisch (Rind, Lamm Beef is a type of red meat. etc.) /ras/ Most Indian and Chinese dishes contain rice. Reis /rst/ When you roast something, you cover it with oil and cook it in the oven. braten /slt/ Eating too much salt is bad for you. Salz /sltd pints/ Salted peanuts are crunchy and salty. gesalzene Erdnsse /sifud/ Lobster and mussels are types of seafood. Meeresfrchte

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strong (adj) sugar (n) syrup (n) tinned (adj) tray dinner (n) vitamin (n) weak (adj) white (meat) (n) white chocolate (n)

/str/ Do stark you like strong, black coffee? /g/ Too Zucker much sugar is bad for you. /srp/ Sirup Chocolate syrup was used for blood in the shower scene in Psycho. /tnd/ aus Dosen Tinned food is food that you buy in a tin. /tre dn/ On Essen auf dem Tablett Saturday we had a tray dinner in front of the TV as a treat. /vtmn/ Vitamin Fruit and vegetables contain important vitamins. /wik/ schwach I prefer my coffee weak, with lots of milk. /wat (mit) / weies Fleisch (Huhn, Pute Chicken and turkey are types of white meat. etc.) /wat klt/ White chocolate doesnt contain any cocoa. weie Schokolade

Partitives
a a a a a a bar of chocolate/soap bowl of fruit/sugar box of chocolates/matches bunch of bananas/flowers jar of honey/instant coffee packet of cigarettes/crisps / br v klt/sp/ / bl v frut/g/ / bks v klts/mz/ / bn v bnanz/flaz/ / r v hni/nstnt kfi/ / pkt v sgrets/krsps/ Riegel Schale Schachtel Bschel; Bund; Strau Dose Packung

Taste and Texture

Taste
bitter (adj) bland (adj) delicious (adj) disgusting (adj) fishy (adj) (TS) fruity (adj) meaty (adj) revolting (adj) salty (adj) spicy (adj) sweet (adj) tasty (adj) /bt/ Lemons have a bitter taste. bitter /blnd/ Something that is bland doesnt have much taste. fade /dls/ Cobra is a little tough and chewy, but delicious. lecker /dsgst/ Something that tastes disgusting has a taste that you really dislike. ekelhaft /fi/ Does Cobra taste fishy? No, it tastes meaty. nach Fisch schmeckend /fruti/ Theres a rich liquid inside the cockroaches that tastes sweet and fruity. mit Obstgeschmack /miti/ Does Cobra taste fishy? No, it tastes meaty. nach Fleisch schmeckend /rvlt/ Revolting is a word that means the same as disgusting. widerlich /slti/ Something that is salty tastes of salt. salzig /spasi/ Curry is a hot, spicy dish. wrzig; scharf /swit/ Children often like sweet food. s /testi/ Fried grasshoppers are really crisp and tasty. wohlschmeckend

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Texture
chewy (adj) crisp (adj) crunchy (adj) dry (adj) greasy (adj) tough (adj) /ui/ zh Cobra is a little tough and chewy, but delicious. /krsp/ knusprig Fried grasshoppers are really crisp and tasty. /krni/ knackig Roasted cockroaches are really crunchy on the outside. /dra/ trocken Do you prefer dry or sweet wine? /grisi/ Something fettig that tastes greasy has been cooked in too much oil. /tf/ Something zh that is tough is difficult to chew.

Unit 6
casual (adj) /kul/ A casual attitude is one that is not very strict. lssig category (n) /ktg()ri/ Des writes a list of things to do and then organises them into categories. Kategorie a chain of supermarkets / en v supmkts/ Julie Rost is chief executive of a chain of supermarkets. Supermarktkette a comfort (n) / kmft/ Lists are a comfort to me because I feel I wont forget things. ein Trost complain (v) /kmplen/ I am writing to complain about the damage caused by your company sich beschweren when they delivered my sofa. confirm (v) /knfm/ We would be grateful if you could confirm your reservation in writing. besttigen damage (n) /dm/ I am writing to complain about the damage caused by your company Schaden when they delivered my sofa. katastrophal disastrous (adj) /dzstrs/ Disastrous results are results that are very bad. Trennwand dividing wall (n) /dvad wl/ An open-plan office is an office without dividing walls. Kehrseite downside (n) /dansad/ The downside of working from home is that I have to phone somebody if I want a chat. effektiv effectively (adv) /fektvli/ What time of day do you work most effectively? Erderwrmung global warming (n) /glbl wm/ Global warming is damaging the environment. sich schnappen grab (v) /grb/ He grabbed an envelope and scribbled a list on it. Spitzenhigh-powered (adj) /hapad/ A high-powered job is one in which you have a responsible position and are very busy. unregelmig irregular (adj) /regjl/ I dont mind working irregular hours as I love my job. Listenmacher list-maker (n) /lstmek/ There are two types of list-makers: those who make orderly lists and those who write them in a panic!

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orderly (adj) /dli/ ordentlich An orderly list is neat and well-arranged. personal organiser (n) /psnl gnaz/ Terminkalender A personal organiser is a book, like a diary, in which you write appointments. steif; unbeweglich rigid (adj) /rd/ A rigid attitude is the opposite of a casual attitude. kritzeln scribble (v) /skrbl/ He grabbed an envelope and scribbled a list on it. dienstleistungsorientiert service-oriented (adj) /svsrientd/ Service-oriented people are people who are interested in customers and their needs. einsetzen set in (phr v) /set n/ Some people wait until panic sets in before making a list. anfangen zu arbeiten an set to work on sth /set t wk n sm/ Type A makes lists and calmly sets to work on them. etwas vor Erleichterung aufatmen sigh with relief /sa w rlif/ Type B sighs with relief when they have written a list, and then loses it! People with a casual attitude to time-keeping usually have low stress levels. Stressniveau stress level (n) /stress levl/ take pride in sth /tek prad n sm/ Flight attendants should take pride in their appearance. auf etwas stolz sein at the top of the agenda /t tp v i end/ The Global Earth Party puts the environment at the top of the agenda. an erster Stelle auf der Tagesordnung

Business Letters

apply (for) (v) attend (v) enclose (v) for your attention in response to I look forward to hearing from you. I would be pleased to ... I would like to apply for ...

/pla (f)/ /tend/ /nklz/ /f j tenn/ /n rspns tu/ /a lk fwd t hr frm ju/ /a wd bi plizd tu/ /a wd lak tu pla f/

Phrasal verbs
calm sb down come up with sth cross sth off get by

sich bewerben um anwesend sein beilegen zu Ihren Hnden als Antwort auf Ich hoffe, mglichst bald von Ihnen zu hren. Es wrde mich freuen Ich mchte mich um bewerben

I I I I I I

would like to apply for the position of IT assistant. would be pleased to attend an interview at any time convenient to you. enclose my curriculum vitae for your attention. enclose my curriculum vitae for your attention. am writing in response to your advertisement in The Guardian. look forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.

I would be pleased to attend an interview at any time convenient to you. I would like to apply for the position of IT assistant.

/km smbdi dan/ Making lists is relaxing it calms you down. jmd beruhigen /km p w sm/ A couple of years Jane Levy came up with a new system. sich etwas ausdenken /krs sm f/ If you cross something off a list, you delete it. abhaken; durchstreichen /get ba/ Few people with high-powered jobs get by without lists. durchkommen

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put (sth) off rely on

/pt (sm) f/ verschieben If you put something off, you delay it. /rla n/ A sich auf etwas verlassen lot of people rely on personal organisers in order not to forget things.

Time Expressions
be ahead of schedule /bi hed v edjul/ If you are ahead of schedule, you are making good time. schneller als geplant sein Better late than never. /bet let n nev/ Better late than never is a proverb meaning that it is better to do besser spt als gar nicht something late than not at all. bermorgen the day after tomorrow / de ft tmr/ Today is Monday the day after tomorrow is Wednesday. vorgestern the day before yesterday / de bf jestde/ Today is Monday the day before yesterday was Saturday. Morgenstund hat Gold im The early bird catches the ./i li bd kz / The early bird catches the worm is a proverb Mund. worm wm meaning that you do more if you get up early. noch Zeit haben have time to spare /hv tam t sp/ If you have time to spare, you have enough time left to do something. gut in der Zeit; rechtzeitig If you are in good time, you are early. in good time /n gd tam/ noch rechtzeitig in time for /n tam f/ We arrived just in time for the beginning of the meeting. in zwei/drei Tagen in two/three days time /n tu/ri dez tam/ Ill give you a call in two or three days time. Zeit totschlagen kill time /kl tam/ I arrived early at the airport so killed time by having a cup of coffee. etwas bis zur letzten Minute Leaving things until the last minute makes you feel stressed. leave something until the last /liv sm ntl lst lassen minute /mnt/ gut vorankommen be making good time /bi mek gd tam/ If you are making good time, you are ahead of schedule. Termine einhalten meet deadlines /mit dedlanz/ I prefer to meet deadlines in good time. Montag in acht Tagen the (Sunday) after next / (mnde) ft nekst/ Were having a barbecue the Sunday after next. nicht mehr viel Zeit haben Hurry up! We havent got much time left. not have much time left /nt hv m tam left/ einer nach dem anderen one at a time /wn t tam/ Stop pushing, children! One at a time through the door. Prioritten setzen prioritise (v) /prartaz/ If you prioritise things, you put them in order of importance or in the order in which they need to be done. prompt promptly (adv) /prmptli/ If you do something promptly, you do it immediately. pnktlich punctual (adj) /pkul/ If you are punctual, you always arrive on time for meetings or other appointments. wiederholt repeatedly (adv) /rpitdli/ If you do something repeatedly, you do it time and time again. von der Uhr beherrscht be ruled by the clock /bi ruld ba klk/ I love being on holiday I hate being ruled by the clock. werden jmd luft die Zeit davon be running out of time /bi rn at v tam/ If you are running out of time, you do not have much time left to do something.

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Theres no time like the present.

Was du heute kannst Theres no time like the present is a proverb meaning that the best besorgen, das verschiebe time to do something is now. nicht auf morgen. time and time again /tam n tam gen/ The Global Earth Party have asked the government the same question immer wieder time and time again. time flies /tam flaz/ die Zeit vergeht schnell If time flies, it goes very quickly. time-keeping (n) /tamkip/ Zeitkontrolle; Zeitplanung If you have a healthy attitude to time-keeping, you do things on time but your life is not ruled by the clock. Zeitsparen; Zeitersparnis time-saving /tamsev/ The article on p. 50 is about time-saving tips that help you not to waste time. wertvolle Zeit verschwenden Jane used to write lists, forget where she put them, and then waste waste precious time /west pres tam/ precious time looking for them! das Wochenende vor 14 the weekend before last / wikend bf lst/ We went to Paris for two days the weekend before last. Tagen

/ez n tam lak preznt/

Work

Zusatzlohn extra pay (n) /ekstr pe/ Unfortunately we dont get extra pay for working overtime. Gleitzeit flexible hours (n pl) /fleksbl az/ If you work flexible hours, you can start and finish work when you like. Pause machen have a break /hv brek/ When youre working to a deadline, you cant always find time to have a break. Zentrale He works for an American law firm whose head office is in Washington DC. head office (n) (TS) /hed fs/ the lunch hour (n) / ln a/ Sometimes Im so busy I work right through the lunch hour. Mittagspause newsroom (n) (TS) /njuzrum/ A newsroom is an office where journalists work. Nachrichtenredaktion open-plan office (n) /pnpln fs/ Open-plan offices can be very noisy. Groraumbro qualifications (n pl) /kwlfkenz/ You dont have to have any particular qualifications for this job. Qualifikationen shift (n) /ft/ I hate working the night shift! Schicht training course (n) /tren ks/ You have to go on a training course to be a train driver. (Ausbildungs)lehrgang work overtime /wk vtam/ Unfortunately we dont get extra pay for working overtime. berstunden machen auf einen Termin hinarbeiten When youre working to a deadline, you cant always find time to have work to a deadline /wk tu dedlan/ a break. auerhalb der normalen work unsociable hours /wk nsbl az/ I often work unsociable hours at nights or at weekends. Arbeitszeiten arbeiten

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Review B
all-night (adj) /lnat/ die ganze Nacht durch At the Oyster Festival theres a party in the evening, with all-night dancing. ancient times (n pl) / en()nt tamz/ The Midsummer festival dates from ancient times. die Antike; die graue Vorzeit colourful (adj) / klfl/ Everybody wears colourful clothes and fancy dress. farbenprchtig dessert (n) /dzt/ A dessert is a main dish eaten after the main part of a meal. Nachtisch get together (phr v) /get tge/ On Midsummer morning, people get together and dance around a zusammenkommen wooden pole. Hering herring (n) / her/ A herring is a long thin silver fish that lives in the sea. Festspiele/Festival abhalten For four days every year, Galway holds its International Oyster Festival. hold a festival /hld festvl/ Nonstopnon-stop (adj) / nnstp/ The festival is a long weekend of non-stop entertainment. An oyster is a type of seafood with a rough shell that is usually eaten raw. Auster oyster (n) / st/ pole (n) /pl/ On Midsummer morning, people get together and dance around a Baum; Pfahl; Stange wooden pole. settler (n) /setl/ Mardi Gras has been celebrated for centuries since French settlers first Siedler/-in came to the USA. There are wild flowers everywhere at midsummer and the sun never sets. wild flowers (n pl) /wald flaz/ Wildblumen

Unit 7
according to /kd tu/ According to financial observers the central bank will reduce interest laut rates by 1%. asthma (n) /sm/ Asthma is a medical condition that makes it difficult to breathe. Asthma break down (phr v) /brek dan/ He broke down and cried when he was sentenced to seven years in jail. zusammenbrechen bully (n) /bli/ Pias previous boss was a real bully. Tyrann claim (v) /klem/ Burglar Frank Gort broke down and cried, claiming seven was his unlucky behaupten number!

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cry (v) /kra/ weinen He broke down and cried when he was sentenced to seven years in jail. dislocated (adj) /dslketd/ ausgerenkt If part of your body is dislocated, the bone is not in its normal position. divorce proceedings (n pl) /dvs prsidz/ Ehescheidungsprozess Divorce proceedings are the legal processes that take place when a couple divorce. Erschpfung exhaustion (n) /gzsn/ Doctors are treating the film star for exhaustion at a rehabilitation centre. Hagelsturm hailstorm (n) (TS) /helstm/ A hailstorm is a storm in which balls of ice fall from the sky. Geisel hostage (n) /hst/ Kidnappers released the hostages last night. Zinssatz interest rate (n) /ntrst ret/ According to financial observers the central bank will reduce interest rates by 1%. Kidnapper/-in; Entfhrer/-in Kidnappers are criminals who take other people away illegally, often for kidnapper (n) /kdnp/ money. lang erwartet The record company has finally released the singers long-awaited album. long-awaited (adj) /l wetd/ nomination (n) /nmnen/ The Oscar committee has announced the Oscar nominations. Nominierung observer (n) /bzv/ Financial observers are experts in finance whose opinions are broadcast Beobachter/-in or published. persnliches Kennzeichen personalised registration /psnlazd restren A personalised registration number on a car is one that has your name number (n) nmb/ or initials on it. Piercing piercing (n) (TS) /ps/ The headmistress said that Paula knew that piercing was against the school rules. Befrderung promotion (n) /prmn/ She worked really hard at her job and got a promotion. glnzende Kritik rave reviews (n pl) /rev rvjuz/ Rave reviews are reports in a newspaper that say that a CD or film is extremely good. herausbringen release (v) /rlis/ When a record company releases an album, it makes it available for people to buy. erleichtert relieved (adj) /rlivd/ The hostages are on their way home to their relieved families. in Pension gehen retire (v) /rta/ Pia has been a lot happier since her previous boss retired. Hungerkur starvation diet (n) /stven dat/ A starvation diet is one in which people eat very little in order to lose weight quickly. stressig stressful (adj) /stresfl/ Sorry I havent replied sooner, but works been really stressful. mit jmd Mitleid haben take pity on sb /tek pti n smbdi/ If you take pity on someone, you feel sorry for them. Kriechspur the slow lane (n) / sl len/ The slow lane of a motorway is the one used by vehicles travelling at a slower speed.

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troubled (adj) /trbld/ Someone who is troubled is very upset or worried because they have a bekmmert lot of problems. water hydrant (n) /wt hadrnt/ A water hydrant is an upright water pipe in the street. Wasserhydrant A wheelchair is a chair with large wheels used by someone who cannot walk. wheelchair (n) /wile/ Rollstuhl

Celebrities
the attention /i tenn/ Celebrities should change their job if they dont enjoy the attention. Aufmerksamkeit celebrity (n) /slebrti/ Kate Moss and Nicole Kidman are both well-known celebrities. berhmte Persnlichkeit chase (v) /es/ A female photographer was chasing Kate Moss in New York and fell over verfolgen a water hydrant! cooperate (v) (TS) /kpret/ Many celebrities refuse to cooperate with the paparazzi. kooperieren definitive (adj) (TS) /dfntv/ Nowadays there are more paparazzi than ever, all trying to get the mageblich definitive celebrity photo. Im desperate to become rich and famous. Id do anything to be a celebrity. desperate (adj) /desprt/ verzweifelt draw the line (TS) /dr lan/ entscheiden, wann Schluss ist If you draw the line in a situation, you decide what is acceptable and what is not. folgen In an interview she complained that the paparazzi followed her everywhere. follow (v) (TS) /fl/ get a shot (TS) /get t/ Nicole Kidman always agrees to smile for the camera so the paparazzi zum Schuss kommen get their shot. glamours glamorous (adj) /glmrs/ People are obsessed with the glamorous lifestyles of celebrities. Klatsch; Tratsch gossip (n) /gsp/ Do you enjoy reading gossip about famous people? heuchlerisch hypocritical (adj) /hpkrtkl/ Jack thinks that some celebrities are hypocritical they want publicity but dont like being chased by the paparazzi. zunehmend mit etwas be increasingly obsessed /bi nkrisli bsest/ Society is increasingly obsessed with celebrities. besessen sein unsensibel insensitive (adj) /nsenstv/ The paparazzi are not completely insensitive they try not to involve children. die Privatsphre von jmd invade sbs privacy /nved smbdiz prvsi/ If you invade someones privacy, you refuse to leave them alone. verletzen jmd in Ruhe lassen leave sb alone /liv smbdi ln/ Once the paparazzi get their shot of a celebrity, they then leave them alone. Paparazzi paparazzi (n pl) /pprtsi/ Paparazzi are photographers who take photos of celebrities as their job. fotogen photogenic (adj) /ftenk/ Someone who is photogenic looks good in photographs.

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be photographed /bi ftgrft/ Do sich fotografieren lassen you think celebrities enjoy being photographed by the paparazzi? photographer (n) (TS) /ftgrf/ Fotograf Paparazzi are photographers who take photos of celebrities as their job. play the game (TS) /ple gem/ Nicole mitmachen plays the game and always agrees to smile for the camera. the press / pres/ die Presse The press is an expression meaning newspapers and magazines. My boss was a real bully, but apparently she was unhappy in her private life. private life (n) pravt laf/ Privatleben reason with sb (v) (TS) /rizn w smbdi/ We try to reason with the celebrities and explain that we dont want to mit jmd vernnftig reden upset them. smile for the camera /smal f kmr/ Everyone smile for the camera, please! fr die Kamera lcheln swear (v) (TS) /swe/ Celebrities often shout and swear at the paparazzi. fluchen take photos of /tek ftz v/ Its not OK when paparazzi take photos of celebrities children. fotografieren unflattering (adj) /nflt()r/ Unflattering photos of celebrities show theyre not perfect. wenig schmeichelhaft upset (v) /pset/ We try to reason with the celebrities and explain that we dont want to weh tun; aus der Fassung upset them. bringen; beleidigen

Crime
arrest (v) /rest/ Sanders was arrested after ringing the FBI to ask if he was still on its verhaften wanted list! burglar (n) /bgl/ A burglar is someone who steals things from peoples houses. Einbrecher catch criminals /k krmnlz/ Police officers fight crime and try to catch criminals. Verbrecher fangen commit a crime /kmt kram/ People on a wanted list have committed crimes but havent been ein Verbrechen begehen arrested yet. convicted thief (n) /knvktd if/ Convicted thief, Cass Mei, escaped from guards at the prison hospital. vorbestrafter Dieb court (n) /kt/ A judge is someone who sentences criminals in court. Gericht a dramatic chase / drmk es/ Police cars were involved in a dramatic chase along the motorway. eine dramatische Verfolgungsjagd escape (n) /skep/ Prison authorities were embarrassed by the escape of convicted thief, Ausbruch; Flucht Cass Mei. escape from jail /skep frm el/ A fugitive is someone who has escaped from jail. aus dem Gefngnis ausbrechen escort sb off the motorway /eskt smbdi f An 85-year-old man was escorted off the M4 motorway because he was von der Autobahn mtwe/ riding in a wheelchair! herunterbegleiten fight crime /fat kram/ Police officers fight crime and try to catch criminals. das Verbrechen bekmpfen A fugitive is someone who has escaped from jail and is hiding from the fugitive (n) /fjutv/ jmd auf der Flucht police.
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guard (n) /gd/ Wchter He escaped from guards at the prison hospital. in jail /n el/ The im Gefngnis judge sentenced him to seven years in jail. judge (n) // Richter A judge is someone who sentences criminals in court. The notice in the back of the car said, Help us, we have been kidnapped. kidnap (v) /kdnp/ entfhren patrol (v) /ptrl/ Traffic patrouillieren; Streife fahren police are police who patrol roads and motorways. Polizeiwagen police car (n) /plis k/ Police cars were involved in a dramatic chase along the motorway. Polizist/-in police officer (n) /plis fs/ Police officers fight crime and try to catch criminals. Polizeiwache police station (n) /plis sten/ A TV set was stolen from a Liverpool police station while officers were out fighting crime! Gefngnisverwaltung prison authorities (n pl) /przn rtz/ Prison authorities were embarrassed by the escape of convicted thief, Cass Mei. Gefngniskrankenhaus prison hospital (n) /przn hsptl/ He escaped from guards at the prison hospital. verurteilen sentence (v) /sentns/ A judge is someone who sentences criminals in court. Ladendiebstahl shoplifting (n) /plft/ Shoplifting is the crime of stealing things from shops or supermarkets. stehlen steal (v) /stil/ A convicted thief is someone who has stolen something and been sentenced in court. Verkehrspolizei traffic police (n) /trfk plis/ Traffic police are police who patrol roads and motorways. Liste der Gesuchten wanted list (n) /wntd lst/ People on a wanted list have committed crimes but havent been arrested yet.

News/Headlines
not available for comment (TS) /nt velbl f kment/ The Minister is out of the country and not available for comment. fr Kommentare nicht zur Verfgung stehen bar (v) /b/ He was barred from the Olympics after failing a drugs test. ausschlieen break out (phr v) (TS) /brek at/ An argument broke out amongst the delegates. ausbrechen; entstehen (missing) cash probe (n) / (ms) k prb/ Suche nach vermisstem Geld A missing cash probe is an investigation that takes place when a large amount of money is missing. delegate (n) (TS) /delgt/ A delegate is someone who is chosen to represent a group of other Delegierte(r) people at a meeting. freak storm/accident etc (adj) /frik stm/ksdnt/ auergewhnlicher Sturm/ A freak storm or accident is one that is very unusual. Unfall etc. hit (v) /ht/ Freak storm hits harvest. treffen jobless (adj) /bls/ Jobless means the same as unemployed. arbeitslos

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minister (n) /mnst/ The Minister minister quit his job after an investigation into missing money. the mysterious disappearance / mstris das unheimliche An investigation was ordered into the mysterious of ... dsprns v/ Verschwinden von disappearance of a large amount of money. the opposition (n) (TS) /i pzn/ die Opposition The opposition has called for the government to provide more jobs in the area. eine Untersuchung anordnen An investigation was ordered into the mysterious disappearance of a order an investigation (TS) /d n nvestgen/ large amount of money. Friedensgesprche/peace talks/negotiations (n pl) /pis tks/ Peace talks end in row. verhandlungen ngienz/ kndigen quit (v) /kwt/ If you quit your job, you resign. kndigen resign (v) /rzan/ If you resign from your job, you stop doing it. Krach row (n) /ra/ A row is another word for an argument. schnell steigen soar (v) /s/ If figures or interest rates soar, they increase very quickly. Sprecher spokesman (n) (TS) /spksmn/ A spokesman for the Minister said he was unavailable for comment. die Arbeitslosen the unemployed /i nmpld/ The unemployed are all the people without work. heiraten wed (v) /wed/ Wed is a word often used in newspaper headlines meaning to get married.

Useful phrases (Personal news)

How exciting/annoying etc! Oh, congratulations! Oh, Im sorry to hear that. Oh no. Thats terrible! Well done! /ha ksat/n/ / kngrlenz/ / am sri t hr t/ / n ts terbl/ /wel dn/ Wie aufregend/rgerlich! Herzlichen Glckwunsch! Oh, das tut mir aber Leid. Oh, nein. Das ist furchtbar! Gut gemacht! My cars broken down again. How annoying! My wifes just had a baby. Oh, congratulations! Shirley and I have split up. Oh, Im sorry to hear that. Ive failed all my exams. Oh no, thats terrible! Ive passed all my exams. Well done!

Unit 8
airborne (adj) to sbs amazement animal feed (n) armrest (n) /ebn/ By the time the plane was airborne, Id forgotten England even existed. in der Luft /te smbdz mezmnt/ zu seinem groen Erstaunen To Nicks amazement, the man offered him $2,000 for the motorbike. /nml fid/ Animal feed is food given to animals. Tierfutter /mrest/ The seat was uncomfortable because the armrest was broken. Armlehne

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back-street (adj) /bkstrit/ HinterhofHe bought the second-hand bike from a back-street garage in Miami. bike (v) /bak/ mit dem Rad fahren I biked over to my dads flat and asked to borrow some cash. broaden (v) /brdn/ Travel erweitern broadens your experience of the world. a broken heart (n) / brkn ht/ ein gebrochenes Herz If you have a broken heart, you are very upset because someone you love has left you. Kork cork (n) /kk/ Cork is the substance used for making corks that block the top of bottles. berqueren; durchqueren cross (v) /krs/ Nick wanted to cross the United States from east to west by motorbike. Diamant diamond (n) /damnd/ A diamond is a hard, clear colourless stone used in expensive jewellery. Fischen mit Dynamit dynamite fishing (n) /danmat f/ Dynamite fishing damages the environment. emotional erpressen emotionally blackmail /mnli blkmel/ If you emotionally blackmail someone, you persuade them to do something by making them feel guilty. eingeschnitzt engraved (adj) (TS) /ngrevd/ Engraved under the seat were the words: To Elvis. Love James Dean. in Scharen kommen flock to (v) /flk tu/ Tourists flock to Bondi Beach from all over the world. sich aufhalten hang out (phr v) /h at/ Bondi Beach is the place where beautiful young people go to hang out. der Dreh- und Angelpunkt in Bondi Beach is the heart and soul of Sydneys beach community. the heart and soul of / ht n sl v/ hllisch After three hellish days and nights, I realised I was close to losing my head. hellish (adj) /hel/ inscription (n) /nskrpn/ Engraved under the seat was the inscription: To Elvis. Love James Dean. Inschrift lend (v) /lend/ He emotionally blackmailed his dad into lending him some cash. borgen; leihen light up (phr v) /lat p/ As the plane takes off, the seat belt signs light up. aufleuchten After three hellish days and nights, I realised I was close to losing my head. lose your head /luz j hed/ den Kopf verlieren meaningless (adj) /minls/ From the moment I boarded the flight, life in England became meaningless. bedeutungslos oil (n) /l/ Which countries are big exporters of oil? l overnight (adv) /vnat/ The young mechanic told Nick to leave the bike overnight. ber Nacht the guy/girl in question / ga/gl n kwesn/ It seemed that the guy in question was going to show up in London soon. der fragliche Kerl/das fragliche Mdchen run out of luck/steam etc /rn at v lk/stim/ kein Glck/keine Kraft mehr He ran out of luck when the motorbike broke down five kilometres from Atlanta. haben second-hand (adj) /sekndhnd/ He bought the second-hand bike from a back-street garage in Miami. aus zweiter Hand a serious girlfriend / sris glfrend/ A serious girlfriend is a girl a girl you have a long relationship with. eine feste Freundin show up (phr v) / p/ The idea of the Belgian guy showing up drove Alex mad. auftauchen stop off (phr v) /stp f/ Conrad stopped off in Singapore for a day or two. Zwischenstation machen sun lounger (n) /sn lan/ There are sun loungers for hire on the beach. Sonnenliege suntan (n) /sntn/ Do you enjoy lying on the beach and getting a suntan? Sonnenbrune

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switch off (phr v) /sw f/ ausschalten If your problems are switched off, you have forgotten about them. take a break /tek brek / She eine Pause machen decided to take a break from her career and went to Australia for a year. vor etwas Vorrang nehmen Broken armrests took precedence over broken hearts. take precedence over /tek presdns v/ Schleppnetz trawling net (n) /trl net/ The white sands and coral gardens have never been damaged by trawling nets. die Unterseite the underside (n) /i ndsad/ The underside is a formal expression meaning under.

Fixed Expressions
Alles oder nichts. its all or nothing /ts l n/ I dont eat chocolate at all for weeks, then I eat three bars in a day its all or nothing with me. sauber und aufgerumt clean and tidy /klin n tadi/ Shes always vacuuming she likes the house clean and tidy. kommen und gehen come and go /km n g/ The kids come and go and treat this house as a hotel. mehr oder weniger give or take ... /gv tek/ They live 100 km from here give or take a few kilometres. sich auf den Weg machen hit the road /ht rd/ When you hit the road, you start a journey by car or motorbike. einen Deal machen make a deal /mek dil/ The mechanic laughed and said, Thats the worst deal youll ever make, boy! Jetzt oder nie. Its now or never. /ts na nev/ Nick finally decided it was now or never to make his dream trip. Ruhe peace and quiet /pis n kwat/ I like spending time on my own and having some peace and quiet. im Kopf nicht ganz richtig If someone is soft in the head, they are slightly crazy. be soft in the head /bi sft n hed/ sein frher oder spter sooner or later /sun let/ Sooner or later youll have to tell them the truth. Mir ist es ziemlich egal. I can take it or leave it. /a kn tek t liv t/ I dont particularly like watching TV. I can take it or leave it.

Description
attractive (adj) /trktv/ Portinatx is one of Ibizas most attractive beaches. attraktiv built up skyline (TS) /bltp skalan/ A built-up skyline is one that consists of high-rise buildings seen against verbaute Skyline the sky. canopy (n) /knpi/ A canopy is a lot of leaves and branches that form a cover high above Baldachin the ground. entzckend delightful (adj) /dlatfl/ Ibiza has lots of delightful hidden coves at the foot of towering cliffs. vor etwas versteckt hidden (from) (adj) /hdn (frm) / The lagoon is hidden from the sea by a high, curving wall of rock. landeinwrts; im inland (adj) /nlnd/ Inland means the opposite of on the coast. Landesinneren
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overlooking (adj) packed with popular with tourists sandy (adj) scatter (v) spectacular view (n) strangely coloured (adj) stretch (for ) (v) surrounded by (adj) untouched (adj) wonderful scenery (TS)

/vlk/ mit Blick auf The most spectacular views can be seen from the cliffs overlooking the bay. /pkt w/ There are long, sandy beaches, packed with bars and watersport. voll gepackt mit /ppjl w trsts/ Bondi beach is popular with tourists and with local people. bei den Touristen beliebt /sndi/ The sandy beaches are surrounded by pine forests. sandig /skt/ Freshwater falls scatter the island means they are all over the island. liegen verstreut ber /spektkjl vju/ atemberaubender Ausblick The most spectacular views can be seen from the cliffs overlooking the bay. /strenli kld/ There are strangely coloured birds and monkeys in the trees. mit seltsamen Farben /stre (f)/ The white sands of Bondi Beach stretch for roughly a kilometre. sich erstrecken ber /srandd ba/ An island is an area of land surrounded by sea. umgeben von /ntt/ Some of the plants have been untouched for a thousand years. unberhrt /wndfl sinri/ Suzi stared out of the window at the wonderful scenery. wunderbare Landschaft

Location
ancient ruins (n pl) /ennt runz/ Ancient ruins are parts of very old buildings. uralte Ruinen bay (n) /be/ A bay is an area of the coast where the land curves inwards. Bucht cliff (n) /klf/ Cliffs are very steep rocks, often overlooking the sea. Klippe coastal path (n) /kstl p/ A coastal path is a path that people can walk along and look at the sea. Kstenpfad coral gardens (n pl) /krl gdnz/ The white sands and coral gardens are unspoilt by human activity. Korallgrten cove (n) /kv/ A cove is a small area of sea that is partly surrounded by land. kleine Bucht desert (n) (TS) /dezt/ The weather in a desert is usually hot and windy. Wste freshwater falls (n pl) /frewt flz/ Freshwater falls are found in different parts of the island. Swasserflle headland (n) /hedlnd/ Bondi Beach stretches for a kilometre between two headlands. Landspitze high-rise building (n) /haraz bld/ In photo b) you can see a lot of high-rise buildings. Hochhaus island (n) /alnd/ An island is an area of land surrounded by sea. Insel jungle (n) /gl/ The freshwater falls are surrounded not by forests, but by jungle. Dschungel lagoon (n) /lgun/ A lagoon is an area of sea separated from the rest of the sea by sand or Lagune rocks. lake (n) /lek/ Toronto is a big city in Canada built by Lake Ontario. See pine forest (n) /pan frst/ The sandy beaches are surrounded by pine forests. Kiefernwald resort (n) (TS) /rzt/ A resort is a town or village where people go on holiday. Urlaubsort snow-capped mountains (n pl) /snkpt mantnz/ schneebedeckte Berggipfel We could see the snow-capped mountains of the Himalayas in the distance. temple (n) /templ/ You can see Buddhist temples in photo d). Tempel wall of rock /wl v rk/ The lagoon is hidden from the sea by a high, curving wall of rock. Felswand

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waterfall (n) white sands (n pl)

/wtfl/ Wasserfall A waterfall is a place where water flows over the edge of a cliff or rock. /wat sndz/ The weie Sandstrnde white sands of Bondi Beach stretch for roughly a kilometre.

Unit 9
appeal (to) (v) /pil t/ I think Jane Austens novels probably appeal more to women. ansprechen attach importance to sth /t mptns t/ Women attach greater importance to birthdays than men. etwas fr wichtig halten attract (v) /trkt/ Have you ever lied about your age to attract somebody? anziehen; anlocken class (n) (U) /kls/ At the end of the story love overcomes differences in class. Stand; Klasse compared with /kmped w/ Three out of four women buy new clothes to attract somebody, verglichen mit compared with one in five men. Wege sich kreuzen cross paths /krs ps/ If two people cross paths, they meet. entzckt delighted (adj) /dlatd/ Mrs Bennet is delighted when Mr Bingley is attracted to one of her daughters. verachten despise (v) /dspaz/ If you despise someone, you strongly dislike them. eine Schlankheitskur machen If you diet, you eat less to lose weight. diet (v) /dat/ in heiratsfhigem Alter eligible (adj) /elbl/ Mrs Bennet wants to find wealthy husbands for her eligible daughters. riesengro enormous (adj) /nms/ Something that is enormous is extremely big. Gut; Anwesen estate (n) /stet/ An estate is a very large area of land that belongs to one person. Henker executioner (n) /ekskjun/ An executioner is someone whose job is to kill criminals. Schicksal fate (n) /fet/ Fate is the power that is supposed to control peoples lives. befrworten be in favour of /bi n fevr v/ Men are more in favour of marriage than women. allmhlich gradually (adv) /gruli/ Mr Darcy gradually grows more interested in Elizabeth. immer interessierter werden At first he considers her inferior but then grows more interested in her. grow interested /gr ntrstd/ gut aussehend handsome (adj) /hnsm/ A handsome man is good-looking. urkomisch hilarious (adj) /hleris/ Something that is hilarious is extremely funny. Mir ist es egal. I dont care. /a dnt ke/ How do you feel if your partner forgets your birthday? I dont care. vernarrt infatuated (adj) /nfuetd/ Someone who is infatuated is in love with another person even though they may not know that person well. minderwertig inferior (to) (adj) /nfri/ If you think someone is socially inferior to you, you think they are not as wealthy or important as you.

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knock a few years off /nk fju jz f/ ein paar Jahre runterrechnen If you knock a few years off your age, you lie and say you are younger than you are. lgen lie (v) /la/ People sometimes lie about their age to try to attract a partner. seinem Ruf gerecht werden live up to sth /lv p t sm/ Tom Hanks said he felt confident that he lived up to his reputation as Mr Nice Guy. Der nette Mann von Mr Nice Guy (n) /mst nas ga/ Mr Nice Guy is an expression for a man who is always kind and thinks nebenan of other people. benachbart; angrenzend neighbouring (adj) /nebr/ Neighbouring is a word meaning near the place where you live. besiegen overcome (v) /vkm/ At the end of the story love overcomes differences in class. A prejudice is an unreasonable feeling of not liking someone or something. Vorurteil; prejudice (n) /preds/ Voreingenommeheit pride (n) /prad/ Pride is a feeling of pleasure and satisfaction about something you have Stolz achieved. put on (a few kilos) /pt n ( fju kilz) / If you put on a few kilos, you gain a few kilos in weight. zunehmen rebellious (adj) /rbeljs/ Someone who is rebellious does not accept authority or accepted rules. rebellisch I found the characters irritating and silly, and couldnt relate to them at all. relate (to) (v) /rlet t/ eine Beziehung zu etwas finden save the planet /sev plnt/ If you want to save the planet, you want to help the environment by den Planeten retten reducing pollution. significant (adj) /sgnfknt/ A significant number of men and women admitted they had lied about bedeutend their age. similarly (adv) /smlli/ Similarly is a word that means in the same way. auf hnliche Weise solar-powered (adj) /sl pad/ mit Solarenergie betrieben A machine that is solar-powered gets its energy from the sun. spider (n) /spad/ Help! Theres an enormous spider in the bath. Spinne take an instant dislike /tek n nstnt Elizabeth takes an instant dislike to Darcy eine sofortige Abneigung dslak/ because she thinks he is superior. gegen jmd fassen take risks /tek rsks/ I dont take risks I always read books by authors I know. Risiken eingehen wait ages /wet ez/ Youre late! Im sorry, I had to wait ages for a bus. eine Ewigkeit warten wealthy (adj) /weli/ Someone who is wealthy has a lot of money. wohlhabend witty (adj) /wti/ Something that is witty is clever in an amusing way. witzig

Adjectives ending in ed
annoyed /nd/ verrgert If you feel annoyed, you feel slightly angry.

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bored /bd/ The film was too long and we got bored. gelangweilt challenged /lnd/ If you feel challenged, you feel slightly worried or frightened of (heraus)gefordert something difficult. verwirrt confused /knfjuzd/ If you feel confused, you dont know what to think or feel. aufgeregt excited /ksatd/ I get really excited when one of my favourite authors brings out a new book. erschpft exhausted /gzstd/ If you feel exhausted, you feel very tired. fasziniert fascinated /fsnetd/ Im fascinated by biographies of famous people. begeistert; inspiriert inspired /nspad/ If you feel inspired to do something, you really want to do it. interessiert interested /ntrstd/ Some people are more interested in films than books. entspannt relaxed /rlkst/ We feel nice and relaxed after the holiday. mde tired /tad/ I usually feel tired after a day at work. besorgt worried /wrid/ What are you so worried about?

Adjectives ending in ing

annoying boring challenging confusing engaging exciting exhausting fascinating gripping inspiring interesting relaxing thought-provoking tiring worrying /n/ Something that is annoying makes you feel slightly angry. rgerlich /br/ I read the first page and if its boring, I dont buy the book. langweilig /ln/ Something that is challenging is difficult to achieve. herausfordernd; reizvoll /knfjuz/ Something that is confusing is difficult to understand. verwirrend /nge/ Characters who are engaging are attractive and easy to like. einnehmend; gewinnend /ksat/ The book was really exciting I couldnt put it down. aufregend /gzst/ Something that is exhausting makes you feel very tired. erschpfend /fsnet/ Something that is fascinating is extremely interesting. faszinierend /grp/ The book wasnt just exciting it was gripping! spannend; fesselnd /nspar/ I find strong women in history particularly inspiring. inspirierend What I find interesting in a book is the relationships between the characters. /ntrst/ interessant /rlks/ Reading a book in a hot bath is very relaxing. entspannend /tprvk/ Something that is thought-provoking is stimulating and intriguing. Gedanken provozierend /tar/ Something that is tiring makes you feel tired. ermdend /wri/ Something that is worrying makes you feel worried. Besorgnis erregend

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Books
author (n) autobiography (n) bestseller (n) biography (n) book review (n) cant put it down // Whos your favourite author? Autor; Schriftsteller /tbagrfi/ An autobiography is a book that a person writes about their own life. Autobiografie /bestsel/ A bestseller is a book that sells a lot of copies. Bestseller /bagrfi/ A biography is a book about a persons life written by someone else. Biografie /bk rvju/ Book reviews are articles written by a journalist about new books. Rezension; Buchkritik /knt pt t dan/ The book was gripping I just couldnt put it down! nicht aus der Hand legen knnen chapter (n) /pt/ Books are divided into chapters. Kapitel (central/main) character (n) / (sentrl/men) krkt/ The central female character in Pride and Prejudice is Elizabeth Bennet. Hauptfigur cover (n) /kv/ Deckel; Einband; Umschlag If the cover of a book looks interesting, I buy it. difficult to get into /dfklt t get nt/ The book was a bit difficult to get into at first, but I ended up really schwierig sich einzulesen enjoying it. fantasy (n) /fntsi/ A fantasy book is a book about an imaginary world. Fantasie fiction (n) /fkn/ I never read fiction but I love biographies. Fiktion; Erzhlungen novel (n) /nvl/ Pride and Prejudice is a classic romantic novel. Roman paperback (n) /pepbk/ A paperback is a book with a soft cover. Paperback; Taschenbuch plot (n) /plt/ The plot of a story is the things that happen during the story. Handlung revolve around (phr v) /rvlv rand/ The storyline of Pride and Prejudice revolves around Mr and Mrs Bennet sich um etwas drehen and their daughters. romantic novel (n) /rmntk nvl/ Pride and Prejudice is a classic romantic novel. Liebesroman science fiction (n) /sans fkn/ Science fiction is books and films about imaginary future events and Science-fiction; characters. Zukunftsroman be set in /bi set n/ Pride and Prejudice is set in England in the early 19th century. als Schauplatz haben short story (n) /t stri/ A short story is a short piece of fiction. Kurzgeschichte the story unfolds / stri nfldz/ As the story unfolds true love overcomes all obstacles. die Geschichte wickelt sich ab storyline (n) /strilan/ The storyline is a word that means the same as plot. Storyline; Handlungslinie take place /tek ples/ Pride and Prejudice takes place in England in the early 19th century. stattfinden well written (adj) /welrtn/ Jane Austens novels are all very well written. gut geschrieben

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Films
Schauspielkunst; Darstellung acting (n) /kt/ The acting in the film was brilliant. Actionfilm An action film is one in which there are a lot of interesting, exciting events. action film (n) /kn flm/ be based on /bi best n/ Forrest Gump is based on a true story. basieren auf comedy (n) /kmdi/ A comedy is a film that makes you laugh. Komdie direct (v) /drekt/ I cant remember who directed Forrest Gump. Regie fhren director (n) /drekt/ The film won six Oscars, including best director. Regisseur ending (n) /end/ Does the film have a happy or sad ending? Ende footage (n) (TS) /ft/ Forrest Gump contains black and white footage from the 60s. Bildfolgen; Filmabschnitte gangster film (n) /gst flm/ A gangster film is about the activities of gangs of criminals. Gangsterfilm a hit (n) / ht/ The film was a real hit and won six Oscars. ein Hit; Schlager horror film (n) /hr flm/ A horror film is a film that is intended to frighten people. Horrorfilm leading actor (n) /lid kt/ The leading actor in Forrest Gump is Tom Hanks. Hauptdarsteller love story (n) /lv stri/ A love story is about a romantic relationship between two people. Liebesgeschichte make you cry /mek j kra/ The film made you cry, didnt it? No, it didnt, Ive got a cold. zum Weinen bringen musical (n) /mjuzkl/ A musical is a film that contains a lot of songs. Musical photography (n) /ftgrfi/ The photography is the photographs and images that are shown during Fotografie a film. die Rolle von spielen play the part of /ple pt v/ Tom Hanks also plays the part of the executioner in The Green Mile. The premier of a film is the occasion on which it is shown for the first time. Premire; Urauffhrung premier (n) /premi/ romantic comedy (n) /rmntk kmdi/ A romantic comedy is a film about a romance that is also amusing. romantische Komdie science fiction film (n) /sans fkn flm/ A science fiction film is about imaginary future events and characters. Sciencefictionfilm soundtrack (n) /sandtrk/ The soundtrack is the music that accompanies a film. Soundtrack; Filmmusik special effects (n pl) /spel fekts/ The special effects are all done using computers. Sondereffekte; Tricks spy film (n) /spa flm/ A spy film is about people who find out secret information about a Spionagefilm country or organisation. subtitles (n pl) /sbtatlz/ The subtitles are the words appearing at the bottom of a screen to Untertitel translate what people are saying in a foreign film. a (sentimental) tearjerker (n) / (sentmentl) tk/ A sentimental tearjerker is a film that makes you cry. ein (sentimentaler) Trnendrsendrcker A thriller is a film about something exciting or dangerous, such as a crime. thriller (n) /rl/ Thriller; spannender Krimi war film (n) /w flm/ War films are about war. Kriegsfilm

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western (n) win (six) Oscars

/westn/ /wn (sks) skz/

Western sechs Oscars gewinnen

A western is a film about cowboys. Forrest Gump was a very successful film that won six Oscars.

Music
album (n) /lbm/ Whats your favourite track on the album? Album band (n) /bnd/ Whos your favourite band? Band Blues is a type of slow, sad music that originally comes from the southern US. blues (n) /bluz/ Blues classical (adj) /klskl/ Do you prefer classical or pop music? klassisch dance (n) /dns/ Dance music is very popular. Tanz gig (n) /gg/ A gig is a public performance of popular music. Veranstaltung Hip-hop is a type of music that uses rap combined with musical instruments. hip-hop (n) /hphp/ Hip-hop lyrics (n pl) /lrks/ The lyrics are the words of a song. Text des Liedes opera (n) /p()r/ An opera is a type of play that is sung to classical music. Oper orchestra (n) /kstr/ An orchestra is a large group of musicians who play classical music on Orchester different instruments. perform live /pfm lav/ We saw the band performing live at Wembley they were brilliant. live auftreten reggae (n) /rege/ Reggae is a type of music that developed in Jamaica in the 1960s. Reggae stereo system (n) /steri sstm/ The sounds not very good I think theres a problem with the stereo Stereoanlage system. techno (n) /tekn/ I cant stand all that techno stuff I like it when you can hear the lyrics! Techno track (n) /trk/ The album is made up of twelve tracks. Titel; Spur

Review C
abandon (v) account (n) alarmed (adj) armed police (n) cabin (n) caller (n) (TS) cashier (n) /bndn/ The stolen car was found abandoned several miles away. verlassen /kant/ Id like to put 100 into my bank account. Konto /lmd/ Alarmed is a word that means frightened and worried. alarmiert /md plis/ Armed police are police who are carrying guns. bewaffnete Polizei /kbn/ A cabin is a small wooden building like a hut. Kabine; Htte /kl/ A caller is someone who uses the telephone to contact someone. Anrufer /k/ A cashier is someone whose job is to give or receive money in a bank. Kassierer/-in

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cause a sensation /kz sensen/ eine Sensation verursachen If you cause a sensation, you do something unusual or shocking. co-host (n) /khst/ The co-hosts of a programme are the people who work together to Ko-Moderator/-in present it. beglckwnschen congratulate (v) /kngrlet/ I want to congratulate Mika for saying what most of America is thinking. Mut courage (n) (TS) /kr/ You rock, Mika! It takes courage to do what you did. ber etwas berichten cover (v) /kv/ Brzezinski explained that she didnt want to cover such a trivial topic. (An)zahlung deposit (n) /dpzt/ A deposit is an amount of money that you put into your bank account. Verkehrsdelikt driving offence (n) /drav fens/ A driving offence is something illegal that you do when you are driving. emotional emotional (adj) /mn()l/ Someone who is feeling emotional is feeling upset or angry. jmd anrufen give sb a call (TS) /gv smbdi e kl/ Dan Rivero invited listeners to give the radio station a call. mit vorgehaltener Pistole/ at gunpoint /t gnpnt/ If someone is robbed at gunpoint, they are robbed while someone points Waffe a gun at them. (aus)hndigen hand (v) /hnd/ If you hand someone something, you give it to them. genug von etwas haben have had enough of sth (TS) /hv hd nf v sm/ Weve had enough of hearing about these. Erbin heiress (n) /eres/ An heiress is a woman who will receive money or property when another person dies. unterbrechen interrupt (v) /ntrpt/ Mikas male co-host, Joe Scarborough, made mocking comments and interrupted her. Scherz joke (n) /k/ Kronau claimed the incident was an innocent joke. Leitartikel lead story (n) (TS) /lid stri/ Mika thought the Paris Hilton story was too trivial to be the lead story. Botschaft; Message message (n) (AmE) (TS) /mes/ Message is an American English word meaning an advertisement. spttisch mocking (adj) /mk/ Mikas male co-host, Joe Scarborough, made mocking comments and interrupted her. Nachrichtensprecher/-in newsreader (n) /njuzrid/ Mika Brzezinski works as a newsreader for the MSNBC TV station. als Nchstes next up (TS) /nekst p/ Thanks for your call, Luke. Next up we have Maria. in der Leitung on the line (TS) /n lan/ Thanks, Maria. We now have Jason on the line. Jason? Moderator/-in presenter (n) (TS) /przent/ Many Americans wish there were more presenters like Mika. unbezahlbar priceless (adj) /prasls/ Something that is priceless is worth a lot of money. Eigentum property (n) /prpti/ Your property are the things that belong to you. Verhr; Befragung questioning (n) /kwes()n/ The suspects were taken to the police station for questioning. She caused a sensation when she refused to read out the stations lead story. vorlesen read out (phr v) /rid at/ refusal (TS) /rfjuzl/ Callers phoned in to talk about Mika Brzezinskis refusal to cover the Weigerung Paris Hilton story.

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be released from jail /bi rlist frm el/ She aus dem Gefngnis was released from jail after serving twenty-two days for a driving entlassen werden offence. respectfully (adv) /rspektf()li/ respektvoll Mika was not treated respectfully by her co-hosts. robbery (n) /rbri/ Raub Anyone with information about the robbery should call the police. run a story /rn stri/ eine Story bringen If a newspaper, TV station etc runs a story, they give information about a news item. Text; Skript script (n) /skrpt/ The script is the written words the presenter must read out. absitzen (zweiundzwanzig serve (twenty-two days) (v) /sv (twenti tu dez) / Paris Hilton served twenty-two days in jail for a driving offence. Tage) sexist (adj) /seksst/ sexistisch Sexist comments show that you think men and women should be treated in a different way. in den Papierwolf geben shred (v) /red/ Shred is a word meaning tear up. Untersttzung support (n) /spt / Mikas co-hosts gave her no support at all. Verdchtige(r) suspect (n) /sspekt/ A suspect is someone who is suspected of committing a crime. einen festen Standpunkt take a stand (TS) /tek stnd/ If you take a stand about something, you refuse to do it because you vertreten think it is wrong. zerreien tear up (phr v) /ter p/ Mika tore the script up but was immediately handed a new copy. einen Anruf zurckverfolgen If police trace a call, they use electronic equipment to find out where a trace a call /tres kl/ telephone call was made. Prozess trial (n) /tral/ After a long trial, he was sentenced to five years in jail. trivial; oberflchlich trivial (adj) /trvil/ Mika thought the Paris Hilton story was too trivial to be the lead story. etwa: Du bist in Ordnung! You rock! is an informal expression used to You rock! (TS) /ju rk/ show approval or support for someone.

Unit 10
audition (n) /dn/ At the weekends Hayley goes to auditions. Vorsprechen; Vorsingen awkward (adj) /kwd/ Some lies are designed to avoid unpleasant or awkward truths. unbequem beg (v) (TS) /beg/ I was useless at the piano and my teacher begged my parents to stop anflehen sending me. sich nicht helfen knnen cant help yourself /knt help jself/ If you cant help yourself, you cannot stop doing something. jmd abkhlen cool sb down (phr v) /kul smbdi dan/ The pocket fan cools you down when its really hot.

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/bi dzand tu/ fr etwas vorgesehen sein Some lies are designed to avoid unpleasant or awkward truths. /detrmentl/ Something schdlich that has a detrimental effect has a negative effect. /dalem/ Dilemma A dilemma is a difficult problem or situation. /du sm genst j wl/ gegen jds Willen handeln Hayleys mum says she is not forcing Hayley to do anything against her will. /du/hv wtev t teks/ nicht ohne sein; das gewisse Rachel thinks her daughter has what it takes to be a film star. Etwas haben drop sb off (phr v) (TS) /drp smbdi f/ Ryan didnt want his friends to see his parents drop him off at the gym. jmd absetzen dye (v) /da/ If you dye your hair, you change its colour. frben Eating carrots improves your eyesight and youll be able to see in the dark! eyesight (n) /asat/ Sehkraft fan (n) /fn/ A pocket fan is a fan that sprays water in your face when its hot. Lfter follow-up (adj) (TS) /flp/ I hope we can come back in ten years time and do a follow-up story Fortsetzungs when Hayleys a star. gadget (n) /gt/ A gadget is a small piece of equipment that does something useful. ntzliches Gert handle (n) /hndl/ The spider catcher is round with a long handle. Stiel; Griff head massager (n) /hed ms/ The head massager looks like a spider with long legs. Kopf-Massage-Gert ice cube (n) (TS) /as kjub/ You could describe an iceberg as an enormous ice cube! Eiswrfel kick-boxing (n) (TS) /kkbks/ Kick-boxing is one of the martial arts. Kickboxen; Kickboxkampf light the gas /lat gs/ Its a plastic gadget used for lighting the gas on the cooker. das Gas anznden martial arts (n) /ml ts/ Martial arts are sports such as judo or karate. Kampfsportarten massage (v) /ms/ If you massage part of your body, you rub it gently. massieren Mental discipline is the ability to make yourself do things that are difficult. mental discipline (n) (TS) /mentl dspln/ geistige Disziplin nutritious (adj) /njutrs/ Food that is nutritious is good for you. nahrhaft originate (v) /rnet/ Some white lies originate from the need to encourage children to eat entstehen properly. peel (v) /pil/ If you peel a piece of fruit, you remove the skin on the outside of it. schlen recharge (v) /ri/ The batterys low on my phone I need to recharge it. aufladen scary (adj) (TS) /skeri/ Something that is scary is frightening. unheimlich; gruselig self-confidence (n) (TS) /selfknfdns/ Martial arts help you to defend yourself and learn self-confidence. Selbstvertrauen spray (v) /spre/ The pocket fan sprays water in your face when its hot. sprhen stainless steel (n) /stenls stil/ Stainless steel has been treated to prevent rust forming on its surface. Edelstahl straighten your hair /stretn j he/ If you straighten your hair, you make it straight and not wavy or curly. die Haare gltten frei machen; die Verstopfung If you unblock something, you remove something from it so that liquid unblock (v) /nblk/ beseitigen can flow through it. be designed to detrimental (adj) dilemma (n) (TS) do something against your will do/have whatever it takes

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useless (adj) (TS) /jusls/ If you are useless at something, you are not good at it. zu nichts ntze; nutzlos be worth doing /bi w du/ If a white lie helps a child to eat properly its worth telling. sich lohnen back off (phr v) (TS) /bk f/ zurckweichen; nachgeben Do you think pushy parents should back off and leave their children alone? benefit (v) /benft/ Psychologists believe many white lies may actually benefit children. guttun; zugute kommen A bib is a piece of cloth that protects babies clothes when they are eating. bib (n) /bb/ Ltzchen bring sb up (phr v) /br smbdi p/ Some parents have problems bringing their children up. erziehen versorgen; sich kmmern um Your parents are the people who care for you when you are a child. care for (phr v) /ke f/ ein Star noch als Kind a child star (n) (TS) / ald st/ Being a child star can be an isolating experience. kreativ creative (adj) /krietv/ Someone who is creative has a lot of imagination and unusual ideas. lockig werden; sich kruseln If you eat your crusts, your hair will curl. curl (v) /kl/ jmd eine normale Kindheit Do you worry that youre depriving Hayley of a normal childhood? deprive sb of a normal /dprav smbdi v vorenthalten childhood nml aldd/ sprachliche Fertigkeiten develop language skills /dvelp lgw sklz/ When children develop language skills, they learn to talk, and read and entwickeln write. Schnulle dummy (n) /dmi/ A dummy is an object you put in a babys mouth to stop it crying. aufessen eat up (phr v) /it p/ Some white lies encourage children to eat up their vegetables. die Kruste (Brotreste) eat your crusts /it j krsts/ If you eat your crusts, your hair will curl. aufessen educational (adj) /edjken()l/ Something that is educational helps people to learn. lehrreich excitement (n) /ksatmnt/ Father Christmas brings fun and excitement to children at Christmas. Aufregung fall off (phr v) /fl f/ If youre not careful youll fall off that wall. herunterfallen Father Christmas (n) /f krsms/ Father Christmas is part of the magic of Christmas for many children. der Weihnachtsmann Hayleys mum thinks shes special and wants to help her fulfil her potential. fulfil your potential /flfl j ptenl/ sein/ihr Potenzial erfllen get square eyes /get skwe az/ quadratische Augen kriegen If I think my childs watched enough television, I tell him hell get square eyes. Should parents feel guilty for not being 100% truthful with their children? guilty (adj) /glti/ schuldig; schuldbewusst isolating (adj) /aslet/ An isolating experience makes you feel as if you are alone. isolierend jmd sehr viel dran liegen, das Ryans mother was keen for him to learn the piano. be keen for sb to do sth (TS) /bi kin f smbdi t jmd etwas tut du sm/ know when there is something /n wen er z sm Mums know when something is wrong even if wissen, wann etwas nicht wrong r/ you dont tell them. stimmt liberal (adj) /lb()rl/ Liberal parents give their children freedom. liberal

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lie (v) /la/ lgen Parents often lie to their children to encourage them to do things that are good for them. aufpassen auf look after (phr v) /lk ft/ Who looked after you when your parents were out? Zauber magic (n) /mk/ Father Christmas is part of the magic of Christmas for many children. magisch; zauberhaft magical (adj) /mkl/ The story of the tooth fairy makes the world a more magical place for children. Mythos myth (n) /m/ Some myths were created to improve childrens behaviour. Kindermdchen nanny (n) /nni/ A nanny is someone adults employ to look after their children. unartig naughty (adj) /nti/ Parents get angry with their children when they are naughty. die Nase wird wachsen your nose will grow /j nz wl gr/ Some people say that if you tell a lie, your nose will grow. besessen obsessed (adj) /bsest/ Hayleys father, George, thinks his wife is obsessed and not reasonable. Kopfkissen pillow (n) /pl/ Parents tell their children that if they put a tooth under their pillow, the tooth fairy will take it. Potenzial potential (n) (TS) /ptenl/ A childs potential is its ability do develop particular skills. Druck pressure (n) /pre/ I want Hayley to grow up like a normal child theres too much pressure in the film world. protect a childs innocence /prtekt aldz nsens/ die Unschuld eines Kindes Some white lies protect a childs innocence. schtzen eine Grimasse ziehen pull a face /pl fes/ If you pull a face, you put a silly or rude expression on your face. ehrgeizige, anspruchsvolle Pushy parents are parents who are very ambitious for their children. pushy parent (n) /pi pernt/ Eltern im Dunkeln sehen see in the dark /si n dk/ Parents sometimes tell their children that eating carrots will help them see in the dark. ein Lebensabschnitt a stage in life / ste n laf/ Some white lies make the world more magical and help children through a stage in their life. in der Leitung bleiben stay on the line /ste n lan/ If youre phoning your friends, dont stay on the line too long. den Verstand/die stimulate the brain/ /stmjlet bren/ If you stimulate a childs brain or imagination, you help them be more Vorstellungskraft imagination mnen/ creative. stimulieren strikt strict (adj) /strkt/ Dont be too strict you have to let your children play and have friends. den leichteren Weg nehmen Some parents think its wrong to take the easy route and tell a lie. take the easy route /tek i izi rut/ eine Lge erzhlen tell a lie /tel la/ Most parents tell their children lies. schimpfen; schelten tell off (phr v) /tel f/ Mum always told us off when we were naughty.

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tidy away/up (phr v) /tadi we/p/ Who tidied up after you had played with your toys? aufrumen tooth fairy (n) /tu feri/ The tooth fairy is an imaginary creature who takes childrens teeth from die Zahnfee under their pillows. toy (n) /t/ Toys are things that children play with when they are young. Spielzeug A truant is a school student who stays away from school without permission. truant (n) /trunt/ Schulschwnzer/-in truthful (adj) /trufl/ If you are 100% truthful with your children, you never tell them lies. ehrlich tuck you in (phr v) /tk ju n/ Who tucked you in bed at night? jmd ins Bett stecken; jmd zudecken white lie (n) /wat la/ White lies can benefit children by protecting them or helping to Notlge stimulate their brains. worry (about) (v) /wri (bat) / sich um jmd Sorgen machen Mum always worries about me when Im out at night. yell (at) (v) /jel (t) / If you yell at your children, you shout at them. anschreien

Unit 11
/est/ Someone who is ageist treats older people in an unfair way. jmd, der gegen ltere Menschen voreingenommen ist aisle (n) /al/ She walked up and down the aisles of the supermarket pushing her trolley. Gang anxious (adj) ks Someone who is anxious is often worried. ngstlich bearded (adj) /bdd/ A bearded man is a man who has a beard. brtig a big issue / bg u/ If something becomes a big issue, it becomes a big problem. eine groe Sache brush off (phr v) (TS) /br f/ I picked up the chicken and brushed the cat hairs off it! abbrsten change (n) /en/ Change is the money someone gives back to you in a shop when you Wechselgeld give more money than it costs to buy something. counter (n) /kant/ The counter is the place where customers are served in a shop. Ladentisch exceed your limit (TS) /ksid j lmt/ Youve exceeded your limit by 500. You need to come to the bank to das Limit berziehen discuss it. get into a mess /get ntu mes/ in Schwierigkeiten geraten If you get into a mess, you get into a difficult situation. get over the shock /get v k/ She slowly got over the shock of being forty. ber den Schock hinwegkommen ageist (n)

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/get smbdi/sm If you get a group of people on their feet, you auf die Beine rufen (zum n ts fit/ make them want to dance, sing etc. Tanz auffordern) /h p/ Is it time for the Stones to hang up their bandanas? aufhngen /hv fn/ Its important to have fun and do things you enjoy. Spa haben /bi n j mand/ sich mit etwas beschftigen You look worried. Whats on your mind? /kip j ma t/ Im sorry, I shouldnt have said that. I should have kept my mouth shut. den Mund halten /kk f/ If something kicks off, or if you kick something off, it starts. starten; anstoen /la/ Someone who is a liar does not tell the truth. Lgner/-in /lk/ The cat licked the chicken and burnt her tongue! lecken /luz t w smbdi/ I lost touch with him when we left university. den Kontakt mit jmd verlieren be the other way round /bi i we rand/ Being eleven years older is nothing for a man, but for a woman its the anders rum sein other way round. oversleep (v) /vslip/ We stayed up late and overslept the following morning. verschlafen queue up (phr v) /kju p/ You queue up at the counter to pay for your shopping. Schlange stehen rebel (n) /rebl/ Someone who is a rebel does not accept authority or accepted rules. Rebell rocker (n) /rk/ A rocker is someone who plays or likes rock music. Rocker eine bewegte Vergangenheit If someone has a rocky past, they have had problems in their life. a rocky past / rki pst/ verwahrlost scruffy (adj) /skrfi/ Someone who is scruffy is untidy or dirty. schlurfen shuffle (v) /fl/ If you shuffle, you walk in a slow, uncertain way. spt aufbleiben stay up late /ste p let/ We stayed up late and overslept the following morning. das Leben ernst nehmen take life seriously /tek laf srisli/ Dont take life too seriously you need to have some fun as well. begabt; talentiert talented (adj) /tlntd/ The Rolling Stones wouldnt be so popular if they werent so talented. ausgebucht/belegt sein be tied up (TS) /bi tad p/ Im afraid Im tied up today. Can we meet tomorrow? traumatisch traumatic (adj) /trmtk/ A traumatic event makes you feel very upset and shocked. She walked up and down the aisles of the supermarket pushing her trolley. Wagen trolley (n) /trli/ turn out (phr v) /tn at/ I spent all afternoon preparing the meal, and was pleased with how it werden turned out. get sb/sth on its feet hang up (phr v) have fun be on your mind (TS) keep your mouth shut (TS) kick off (phr v) liar (n) lick (v) lose touch with sb

Adverbs
actually apparently /kuli/ /prntli/ eigentlich anscheinend I thought the concert was embarrassing actually, I regret going. Mick Jagger was 65 in July 2008, apparently.

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basically /beskli/ I have a problem with his dancing basically, I think hes too old to grundstzlich dance like that. beautifully /bjutfli/ Keith Richards still plays the guitar beautifully. schn brilliantly /brljntli/ I thought the band performed brilliantly. brillant clearly /klli/ She doesnt talk much and is clearly very shy. offensichtlich definitely /def()ntli/ My grandfather definitely doesnt make people pay to watch him dance! bestimmt energetically /enetkli/ I bet your grandfather cant dance as energetically as Mick Jagger. energisch enormously /nmsli/ The Rolling Stones are an enormously talented band. enorm fortunately /fntli/ Fortunately the teacher didnt notice Id forgotten to bring my books. glcklicherweise gracefully /gresf()li/ Do you think its time they retired gracefully? charmant; mit Anstand harshly /hli/ The world judges older women harshly. rauh; hart hopefully /hpfli/ Hopefully we can see each other again soon. hoffentlich naturally /n()rli/ Im a big fan so naturally I loved the gig. natrlich obviously bvisli/ Im a big fan so obviously I loved the gig. selbstverstndlich personally /psnli/ Personally, I thought Mick Jagger looked pretty good. persnlich predictably /prdktbli/ Sarahs never punctual and, predictably, she arrived 10 minutes late! wie vorauszusehen regularly /regjlli/ I dont live abroad and see my family regularly. regelmig stupidly /stjupdli/ Stupidly, I left my umbrella in the car. dummerweise surprisingly /sprazli/ Surprisingly, she refused the invitation. berraschenderweise unbelievably /nblivbli/ He looks unbelievably young for his age. unglaublich(erweise) unfortunately /nfntli/ Unfortunately it started to rain just before the gig started. unglcklicherweise

Unit 12
assume (v) /sjum/ Youll look at my clothes, which will probably be my friends clothes, and annehmen wrongly assume Im rich. bargain (n) /bgn/ I got the hat in the sales it was a bargain. Schnppchen blunt (adj) /blnt/ A blunt knife is not sharp and does not cut properly. stumpf contrast (n) /kntrst/ Kontrast; Gegenberstellung I wear the cowboy boots with a smart suit the contrast looks great. eccentric (adj) /ksentrk/ Something that is eccentric is very strange or unusual. exzentrisch to make ends meet /t mek endz mit/ Im an artist but work in an art gallery three days a week to make ends durchkommen; ber die meet. Runden kommen
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flat tyre (n) /flt ta/ A flat tyre has no air in it. platter Reifen be in sbs genes /bi n smbdz inz/ Vanessas parents were interior designers, so style is in her genes. genetisch bedingt sein go off (phr v) /g f/ When your alarm goes off in the morning, it starts making a noise to losgehen wake you up. grip (n) /grp/ If we shake hands, youll notice that my grip is strong. Griff interior designer (n) /ntri dzan/ An interior designer chooses the colours, furniture etc for the inside of a Innenarchitekt/-in room or building. make a living /mek lv/ If you make a living from something, you earn enough money from it to seinen Lebensunterhalt live. verdienen on a day-to-day basis /n detde bess/ On a day-to-day basis Vanessa prefers comfortable clothes. auf tglicher Basis outcome (n) /atkm/ put together outfits without too much thought and see what the Ergebnis outcome is. As I became more in the public eye, I became more aware of what I wore. be in the public eye /bi n pblk a/ im Blickpunkt der ffentlichkeit stehen the red carpet / red kpt/ The red carpet is a carpet that is put on the ground when important der rote Teppich people visit a place. the sales (n pl) / selz/ I got the hat in the sales it was a bargain. Schlussverkauf scare (v) /ske/ The red carpet treatment scares Vanessa Paradis. erschrecken set eyes on sb /set az n smbd/ If youve never set eyes on someone before, it is the first time youve sehen seen them. shake hands /ek hndz/ We introduced ourselves and shook hands. sich die Hand geben Small world. (TS) /sml wld/ Small world is an expression used to show you are surprised that Die Welt ist klein. someone has visited the same places as you. stroll (n) /strl/ A stroll is a short, relaxing walk. Spaziergang work out (phr v) /wk at/ Working as a model helped to develop her style and to work out what herausfinden suited her. wouldnt be seen /wdnt bi sin ded n Most of my friends wouldnt be seen dead in snakeskin cowboy boots! nie im Leben so etwas dead in sth (TS) sm/ tragen wrongly (adv) /rli/ If you wrongly assume something, you think that something is true versehentlich; when, actually, it isnt. flschlicherweise

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Clothes & Fashion

baggy (adj) /bgi/ weit geschnitten Baggy clothes are very loose on your body. belt (n) /belt/ Grtel Fran wears her red miniskirt with a brown leather belt. A bohemian style is informal and considered typical of writers and artists. bohemian (adj) /bhimin/ unkonventionell brand-new (adj) /brndnju/ A brand-new piece of clothing has never been worn before. brandneu checked (adj) /ekt/ A checked shirt is one that has a pattern of squares on it. karriert cowboy boots (n pl) /kab buts/ Al is really proud of his American snakeskin cowboy boots. Cowboystiefel designer look (n) /dzan lk/ Carla Bruni thinks the head-to-toe designer look is ridiculous. Designer-Blick elegant (adj) /elgnt/ He was wearing an elegant white linen jacket. elegant fashion (n) /fn/ The head-to-toe designer look is the opposite of fashion. Mode fit (v) /ft/ These trousers are too tight they dont fit me any more. passen floppy (adj) /flpi/ A floppy hat is soft and loose. schlapp fur (n) /f/ Many people in Russia wear fur hats in the winter. Pelz go with (phr v) /g w/ Im trying to find a top that goes with these trousers. passen zu hoody (n) /hdi/ A hoody is a top that looks like a small jacket, with a hood that covers Top mit Kapuze your head. Lederjacke leather jacket (n) /le kt/ The red miniskirt looks fantastic with my old black leather jacket. mit langen/kurzen rmeln Short-sleeved shirts are more comfortable in hot weather. long/short-sleeved /l/t slivd/ mit einer niedrigen Taille low-waisted (adj) /lwestd/ I dont like low-waisted trousers. You take away the hips and the waist the best bits. zusammenpassen match (v) /m/ Dont forget to check that your socks match! zusammenpassend matching bag/hat etc (n) /m bg/ht/ A matching bag and hat makes you look like a Christmas tree! Minirock miniskirt (n) /mniskt/ In the early days, Vanessa loved wearing miniskirts and leather jackets. als Modell arbeiten modelling (n) /mdl/ Through modelling, Carla learned how to use her body. Kleidung outfit (n) /atft/ Jays favourite outfit is black skinny jeans with a black polo-neck top. Nadelstreifen pinstripe (n) /pnstrap/ A smart pinstripe suit is made of material with a thin line woven into it. einfach; schlicht plain (adj) /plen/ A plain shirt etc is one that doesnt have a pattern. Schuhe mit enger Spitze pointy shoes (n pl) /pnti uz/ Pointy shoes have a point at the front. Rollkragen polo-neck (n) /plnek/ A polo-neck top has a high neck that folds over. zusammenstellen put together (phr v) /pt tge/ Vanessa likes putting together outfits without too much thought. Schulterpolster shoulder pads (n pl) /ld pdz/ Shoulder pads are thick soft pieces of material inside the shoulders of a jacket. Seide silk (n) /slk/ Silk is a thin, smooth, expensive material.

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skinny jeans (n pl) /skni inz/ enge Jeans Skinny jeans are extremely tight. smart (adj) /smt/ schick I wear smart pinstripe suits for work. snakeskin (n) /snekskn/ Al Schlangenleder loves his snakeskin cowboy boots. stand out (phr v) /stnd at/ herausragen If you stand out in a crowd, everyone notices you. striped (adj) /strapt/ gestreift Striped material has lines woven into it. style (n) /stal/ Stil I dont think anyone can teach you to have style you either have it or you dont. Wildleder suede (n) /swed/ Suede is leather with a soft brushed surface. passen; geeignet sein suit (v) /sut/ Working as a model helped to develop her style and to work out what suited her. ausziehen take off (phr v) /tek f/ If the trousers feel a bit tight round the waist, I take them off and try on another pair. Top top (n) /tp/ Jay likes wearing black skinny jeans with black polo-neck top. anprobieren try on (phr v) /tra n/ She tried on two or three tops before finding one that looked right. V-Ausschnitt V-neck (n) /vinek/ Do you prefer V-necks or polo necks? Wollwoolly (adj) /wli/ I decided to wear a thick, woolly jumper as it was so cold.

Physical Description
of average build Hes just under six feet tall and of average build. von mittlerer Gre; von durchschnittlichem Krperbau /bld/ A man who is bald has no hair. glatzkpfig /blnd striks/ Blond streaks are lines of a lighter colour in someones hair. blonde Streifen /bi/ Bushy hair is very thick. buschig /kli/ Do you prefer curly or straight hair? lockig; kruselig /dk dz/ He looked very tired and had dark shadows under his eyes. dunkle Schatten /dipset/ Deep-set eyes seem to be a long way back into your face. tiefsitzend /abra/ He had a scar across the centre of his left eyebrow. Augenbraue /alan/ Eyeliner is a line of black make-up that you put round your eyes. Eyeliner She looked as if shed had a face-lift, but in fact shed just had a makeover. /feslft/ Gesichtsstraffung /freklz/ Freckles are small brown spots on your skin. Sommersprossen /n/ People with ginger hair often have a lot of freckles. rothaarig /gti/ In Pirates of the Caribbean Johnny Depp has a small goatee beard. Spitzbart /v vr bld/

bald (adj) blond streaks (n pl) bushy (adj) curly (adj) dark shadows (n pl) deep-set (adj) eyebrow (n) eyeliner (n) face-lift (n) (TS) freckles (n pl) ginger (adj) goatee (n)

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have your clothes designed by a stylist have your ears pierced have your eyelids lifted have your hair cut and coloured have your make-up done by an expert have your teeth whitened have your wardrobe re-designed hazel (adj) in her/his late teens in your early/late thirties etc

/hv j klz dzand /ba stalst

Angela had her clothes designed by a stylist to to improve her appearance. die Kleidung von einem Modedesigner entwerfen lassen /hv jr z pst/ I had my ears pierced when I was 14. die Ohrlppchen piercen/ durchstechen lassen /hv jr aldz lftd/ Tony had plastic surgery to have his eyelids lifted. die Augenlider liften lassen /hv j he kt n Having your hair cut and coloured can really improve your appearance. die Haare schneiden und kld/ frben lassen /hv j mekp dn ba You can pay a lot of money to have your make-up done by an expert. das Make-up von einem n ekspt/ Experten machen lassen /hv j ti watnd/ Having my teeth whitened gave me more confidence. die Zhne wei machen lassen /hv j wdrb If you have your wardrobe re-designed, someone chooses a lot of new die Garderobe neu ridzand/ clothes for you to wear. zusammenstellen lassen /hezl/ haselnussbraun; hellbraun Hazel eyes are light brown and slightly golden in colour. /n hz/h let tinz/ If you are between 17 and 19, you are in your late teens. im spten Teenageralter /n jr li/let tiz/

She became President when she was only in her early thirties. in den frhen/spten Dreiigern just over/under ... /st v/nd/ If you are just under six feet tall, you are nearly six feet in height. knapp ber/unter makeover (n) (TS) /mekv/ After the makeover Angela only looked about twenty-eight! Makeover; Umwandlung medium (adj) /midim/ If you are of medium build, you are neither thin nor fat. mittlere(-r,-s) messy (adj) /mesi/ Messy hair is not tidy. unordentlich mole (n) /ml/ A mole is a brown spot on your skin that is permanent. Leberfleck overweight (adj) /vwet/ Someone who is overweight is too fat. bergewichtig plastic surgery (n) (TS) /plstk sri/ If you can afford plastic surgery, youre bound to look better. plastische Chirurgie receding (adj) /rsid/ If your hair is receding, less and less of is growing at the front. zurckweichend scar (n) /sk/ A scar is a mark on your skin caused by an injury. Narbe shoulder-length (adj) /ldle/ In Pirates of the Caribbean Johnny Depp has messy black shoulder-length schulterlang hair. sideburns (n pl) /sadbnz/ Sideburns are the hair that grows down a mans cheeks. Koteletten skinny (adj) /skni/ Someone who is skinny is very thin. sehr dnn slim (adj) /slm/ Someone who is slim is thin in an attractive way. schlank

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stmmig stocky (adj) /stki/ Someone who is stocky looks strong but is not tall. Ttowierung tattoo (n) /ttu/ A tattoo is a picture drawn in ink on your skin. sehr klein; winzig tiny (adj) /tani/ Someone who is tiny is extremely small. Verwandlung transformation (n) /trnsfmen/ Did you see Ten Years Younger last night? The transformation was incredible. wellig wavy (adj) /wevi/ Wavy hair is slightly curly. krftig gebaut well-built (adj) /welblt/ Someone who is well-built has a strong body.

Review D
academic work (n) /kdemk wk/ Academic work is based on books and studying rather than practical akademische Arbeit experience. hinter jmd sein be behind sb /bi bhand smbdi/ Bella is really glad that her teenage years are behind her. Internat boarding school (n) /bd skul/ A boarding school is a school where the students also live and sleep. Kinderheim childrens home (n) (TS) /ldrnz hm/ A childrens home is a place where children go if they cannot live with their family. Pflegeeltern foster parents (n pl) (TS) /fst pernts/ Foster parents are parents who look after a child for a short period of time because the childs own parents cannot look after them. Kind kid (n) /kd/ If Alec was Prime Minister, he wouldnt make kids go to school all day! Nachbarschaftsgeist neighbourhood spirit (n) (TS) /nebhd sprt/ Theres a real neighbourhood spirit here everyone helps each other. insgesamt overall (adv) /vrl/ Overall, the teachers at school are very liberal. schulden owe (v) // Im still paying off my student loan I owe 30,000! ab(be)zahlen pay sth off (phr v) /pe sm f/ Im still paying off my student loan I owe 30,000! umschulen; sich umschulen Karen retrained as a drama teacher a few years ago. retrain (v) /ritren/ lassen traurigerweise sadly (adv) /sdli/ Sadly my mum and dad died when I was very young. riechen smell (v) /smel/ Mum says we cant get a dog because they smell! in Ordnung bringen sort out (phr v) /st at/ I thought my life would be sorted out when I got to my thirties, but its not that simple! BaFg-Darlehen student loan (n) /stjudnt ln/ Im still paying off my student loan I owe 30,000! hart; anstrengend tough (adj) /tf/ Life as a single parent was tough for Karen. Hhen und Tiefen ups and downs (n pl) /ps n danz/ Lifes had its ups and downs, but generally things are OK.
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Grammar Extra
Unit 1 Die englischen Zeiten. Frageformen
Die Zeiten
Zeiten ASPEKT Einfaches Prsens (present simple) + ? He works. He doesnt work. Does he work? She worked. She didnt work. Did she work? Verlaufsform des Prsens (present continuous) He is working. He isnt working. Is he working? She was working. She wasnt working. Was she working? He has worked. He hasnt worked. Has he worked? She had worked. She hadnt worked. Had she worked? Perfekt (perfect simple) He has been working. He hasnt been working. Has he been working? She had been working. She hadnt been working. Had she been working? Verlaufsform des Perfekt (perfect continuous)

Wh- Fragen mit Prpositionen am Ende Bei Verben mit Prpositionen steht die Prposition normalerwiese am Ende der Frage: Where does she come from? What are you interested in? Who was she talking about? Hufig verwendete Verb-Prposition-Kombinationen: complain about, talk about, think about; worry about; look at; be for, care for, hope for, pay for; suffer from; believe in, confide in, be interested in, invest in; consist of; depend on, insist on, rely on, spend on; belong to, listen to, refer to, relate to. Subjekt/Objekt Fragen Who talked to you? Dan talked to me. (Who is the subject.) Who did you talk to? I talked to Dan. (Who is the object.) Wenn sich das Fragewort auf das Subjekt des betr. Verbs bezieht, werden do, does oder did. nicht verwendet, sondern das Verb in der dritten Person: Who wants to come? (NOT Who does want to come?) Which company makes the most money? (NOT Which company does make the most money?) What happened? (NOT What did happen?)

Present

Past

+ ?

Unit 2 Einfache Form des Perfekt. Einfache Vergangenheit. Verlaufsform der Vergangenheit. Steigerungsformen: Komparativ und Superlativ.
Teil 1: Perfekt. Einfache Vergangenheit. Verlaufsform der Vergangenheit.
Perfekt (present perfect) und einfache Vergangenheit (past simple) Sowohl present perfect als auch past simple knnen verwendet werden, um ber Handlungen in der Vergangenheit zu sprechen. Present perfect wird verwendet, wenn sich der Zusammenhang auf einen Zeitraum bezieht, der aus der Vergangenheit bis in die Gegenwart (bis jetzt) reicht d.h. der Zeitpunkt (wann) wird nicht erwhnt. Past simple dagegen wird verwendet, wenn die Handlung in der Vergangenheit komplett abgeschlossen wurde, d.h wenn sich der Zusammenhang auf etwas bezieht, das bereits ein Ende hatte. Der Zeitpunkt (wann) wird ausdrcklich erwhnt. Zeit bis jetzt = Present perfect Ive been to Wembley twice. (Ich sage aber nicht wann.) Shes finished her book. (Ich sage aber nicht wann.) Hufig verwendete Ausdrcke fr Zeit bis jetzt: already, before, ever, just, lately, many times, never, often, recently, this week, today, twice, yet.

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Frageformen
Satzbau Die normale Reihenfolge bei Fragen ist wie folgt: Fragewort What Who When (Hilfs) verb Was Have does are did Subjekt she they collocation you he tired? arrived? mean? meeting? arrive?

Abgeschlossene Zeit = Past simple I went there in 2006 and 2008. (Ich sage genau wann.) She finished it yesterday. (Ich sage genau wann.) Hufig verwendete Ausdrcke fr abgeschlossene Zeit: ages ago, a moment ago, at Christmas, in 2002, in May, last week, when I was a kid, yesterday. Verlaufsform der Vergangenheit (past continuous) Past continuous wird verwendet, um eine lnger andauernde Handlung zu beschreiben, die am Ablaufen war, als andere Einzelaktionen stattfanden. Es wird oft als Gegensatz zum past simple verwendet. I saw them when I was jogging in the park. They were playing golf when it started snowing. Superlativformen Der Superlativ wird verwendet, um Personen/Gegestnde mit allen anderen Personen/ Gegenstnden innerhalb einer Gruppierung zu vergleichen. Manchester United is the most successful team in England.

Unit 3 Das Perfekt - einfache und Verlaufsform (Present perfect)

Das present perfect stellt immer eine Verbindung zwischen Vergangenheit und Gegenwart dar. Es kann verwendet wirden um folgendes zu beschreiben: 1 Eine abgeschlossene Handlung (oder Handlungen), die sich bis jetzt ereignet hat/haben. Der Zeitpunkt (wann) wird nicht erwhnt. (In den meisten Fllen: present perfect simple.) Ive bought him a nice jacket. Shes run several marathons. Have you ever swum in the ocean? 2 Eine noch nicht abgeschlossene Handlung (oder Handlungen), die in der Vergangenheit anfing(en) und im Augenblick immer noch andauert/andauern. (In den meisten Fllen: present perfect continuous.) Its been raining all day. Ive been learning English since 2008. Have you been waiting long? 3 Ein noch andauernder Zustand, der in der Vergangenheit anfing und im Augenblick immer noch andauert. (In den meisten Fllen: present perfect simple.) Ive known Tim for ages. Shes been here since yesterday. How long have you had that car? Dynamische und stative Bedeutungen: Handlungen und Zustnde Die meisten Verben haben eine dynamische Bedeutung. Sie beschreiben Handlungen. Etwas geschieht. Wenn man eine solche Handlung beschreiben will, die in der Vergangenheit anfing und jetzt noch andauert, d.h. nicht abgeschlossen ist, verwendet man in den meisten Fllen das present perfect continuous. Ive been staying with friends. What have you been doing all day? Achtung: Manchmal wird die einfache Form verwendet, um unvernderbare, permanente Situationen zu beschreiben. Vgl. dazu:

Teil 2: Steigerungsformen: Komparativ und Superlativ

Kurze Adjektive werden mit -er und -est gesteigert. Komparativ mit -er und Superlativ mit -est. Manchmal gibt es kleine nderungen in der Schreibweise: nice nicer the nicest; fit fitter the fittest; healthy healthier the healthiest Lngere Adjektive dagegen werden mit more und most gesteigert. Komparativ mit more und Superlativ mit most. exciting more exciting the most exciting; extreme more extreme the most extreme Sonderflle Unregelmige Adjektive bad worse the worst; good better the best; far further the furthest Manche zweisilbigen Adjektive werden auch mit -er und -est gesteigert. My sister is much cleverer than me. Shes the cleverest person I know. Hufig verwendete Beispiele: clever, gentle, narrow, quiet, simple. Bei Zusammensetzungen wird nur der erste Teil gesteigert. Hes very good-looking far better-looking than his photo. In fact, hes the best-looking man in the class. Hufig verwendete Beispiele: badly-dressed, good-looking, highly-paid, long-lasting, longrunning, well-dressed, well-paid. Komparativformen Der Komparativ wird verwendet, um Personen/Gegenstnde mit anderen Personen/ Gegenstnden zu vergleichen. Wrter wie far, much, a bit, a lot oder slightly knnen hinzugenommen werden, um den Vergleich nher zu bestimmen. Motor racing is far more exciting than golf. A rugby pitch is slightly bigger than a football pitch. not as as wird verwendet, um einen negativen Vergleich zu machen. Wrter wie nearly oder quite knnen den negativen Vergleich nher bestimmen. Golf isnt nearly as exciting as motor racing. A football pitch isnt quite as big as a rugby pitch.

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Ive been working here for a few weeks. (temporr) Ive worked here since I left school. (permanent) Manche Verben, die Wissen, Gefhle oder Besitz beschreiben, haben eine sogenannte stative Bedeutung. Sie beschreiben Zustnde. Es geschieht ja nichts. Wenn man einen solchen andauernden Zustand beschreiben willl - d.h. einen Zustand, der in der Vergangenheit seinen Anfang hatte und jetzt noch andauert - darf man das present perfect continuous nicht verwenden. Es muss das present perfect simple sein. Ive had flu for a few days. (NICHT Ive been having ) Shes known him a long time. (NICHT Shes been knowing ) Hufig verwendete Verben mit einer stativen Bedeutung: admire, adore, appear, be, believe, belong, concern, consist, contain, deserve, detest, dislike, doubt, envy, exist, fit, hate, have, hear, know, like, love, matter, mean, owe, own, possess, prefer, realise, recognise, remember, resemble, see, seem, sound, smell, surprise, understand, want, wish. Manche Verben knnen sowohl eine stative als auch eine dynamische Bedeutung haben: Bob has had that car since it was new. (have = stative Bedeutung) Hes been having some problems with it recently. (have = dynamische Bedeutung) for und since for (+ Zeitraum) und since (+ Zeitpunkt) stellen zwei Mglichkeiten dar, das Gleiche auszudrcken. Sie werden oft mit dem present perfect verwendet, um eine nicht abgeschlossene Handlung oder ein noch andauernder Zustand zu beschreiben. You use for when you give the length of the time: for a few hours / for three months / for ages. You use since when you give the beginning of the time: since Sunday / since I left university / since 2005. been been ist das Partizip Perfekt von be, kann aber auch als Partizip von go verwendet werden. Vgl. dazu: Hes been to the gym. = Er ging hin und kam zurck. Hes gone to the gym. = Er ging hin und blieb dort.

jetzt dazu entschlossen, whrend ich gesprochen habe.) What will you do after university? (Ich nehme an, du hast nicht darber nachgedacht und noch keine Plne gemacht.) will/shall hat mehrere sehr ntzliche Anwendungen: Angebote: Shall I give you a lift? Versprechungen: Dont worry. I wont tell anyone. Vorschlge: Shall we sit by the window? will kann man auch verwenden, um Vorhersagen zu machen: I think well arrive at about 10.00 p.m. (be) going to wird verwendet, um ber knftige Plne oder Absichten zu sprechen. Eine Entscheidung ber eine knftige Handlung wurde bereits getroffen und es wird jetzt darber gesprochen. Im going to talk to the head teacher tomorrow. (Der head teacher muss nicht unbedingt darber Bescheid wissen, aber ich habe es mir schon berlegt, und es ist meine feste Absicht, mit ihm zu sprechen.) What are you going to do after university? (Ich nehme an, du hast darber nachgedacht und bereits Plne gemacht.) (be) going to wird auch verwendet, um Vorhersagen zu machen, die auf unbestreitbaren Tatsachen basieren: Its going to rain. (Schwarze Wolken sind am Himmel zu sehen.) Shes going to win. (Sie hat bereits ber 100 Meter Vorsprung vor den anderen Lufern.) Present continuous wird verwendet, um ber Vereinbarungen fr die Zukunft zu sprechen. Man hat etwas vereinbart und spricht jetzt darber: Im talking to the head teacher tomorrow. (Der head teacher wei schon davon, weil ich ihn angerufen habe, um einen Termin zu vereinbaren.) What are you doing after university? (Ich nehme an, du weit was du tust und bereits entsprechende Manahmen getroffen hast.)

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Unit 4 Formen des Futurs

Will (ll), (be) going to und die Verlaufsform des Prsens sind drei hufig verwendete Mglichkeiten, die Zukunft zu beschreiben. Jede Form liefert unterschiedliche Information ber das, was zu dem Zeitpunkt der uerung (oder schon vorher) geschehen ist. will (ll) wird verwendet, um eine Handlung in der Zukunft zu beschreiben, die das Ergebnis einer spontanen Entscheidung zum Zeitpunkt der uerung darstellt Ill talk to the head teacher tomorrow. (Der head teacher wei nichts davon. Ich habe mich

Unit 5 Substantive und Mengenbeschreibungen

Substantive
Zhlbare Substantive Die meisten Substantive im Englischen sind zhlbar. Sie haben eine Singular- und eine Pluralform. Sie knnen zusammen mit a/an und Zahlen verwendet werden. Regelmige Formen Unregelmige Formen an apple / apples a box / boxes a university / universities a leaf / leaves a child / children a foot / feet a man / men a person / people a tooth / teeth a woman / women

Glass is a useful material. (Unzhlbar: Glas als Material) Can I have a clean glass? (Zhlbar: als Einzelobjekte)

Mengenbeschreibungen
Mglichkeiten, Mengen zu beschreiben, ohne eine exakte Zahl zu nennen: Bei zhlbaren Substantiven: (only) a few / not many / a couple of / several / How many ? Only a few people came. How many text messages do you get every day? Bei unzhlbaren Substantiven: (only) a little / not much / a bit of / How much ? Theres a little tea left but no milk. How much information have you got? Bei zhlbaren und unzhlbaren Substantiven: none / not any / some / a lot of / lots of / plenty of She has a lot of friends. He didnt give me any advice. too much/many und not enough too + much/many (+ Substantiv) = mehr als man braucht not enough (+ Substantiv) = weniger als man braucht I have too much work and not enough time. There are too many cars and not enough buses.

Pluralformen werden verwendet, wenn man allgemeine Ausssagen macht. Children love sweets and chocolate. Universities need more funding. a or an? a wird vor einem Konsonanten verwendet: a dollar, a euro, a hotel, a useful knife, a one-way street. an wird vor einem Vokal verwendet: an umbrella, an egg, an omelette, an MBA, an hour. Unzhlbare Substantive Einige Substantive im Englischen sind unzhlbar. Die meisten haben nur eine Singularform. Sie knnen nicht zusammen mit a/an oder Zahlen verwendet werden. He played wonderful music. (NICHT He played a wonderful music.) We had fantastic weather. (NICHT We had a fantastic weather.) Hufig verwendete unzhlbare Substantive, die in anderen Sprachen zhlbar sind: advice, architecture, baggage, food, furniture, hair, homework, information, knowledge, love, luggage, machinery, money, music, news, progress, research, traffic, transport, travel, weather, work. Pluralformen Manche Substantive haben nur eine Pluralform und keine Singularform. a/an oder Zahlen knnen nicht damit verwendet werden. I have some pink jeans. (NICHT I have a pink jeans.) Hufig vorkommende Pluralformen: clothes, glasses, jeans, knickers, pants, pyjamas, scissors, shorts, sunglasses, tights, trousers. Unzhlbare Substantive, die auch zhlbar sein knnen Einige unzhlbare Substantive werden manchmal je nach ihrer Bedeutung im Zusammenhang auch zhlbar:

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Unit 6 Prpositionen der Zeit. Modalverben der Verpflichtung und der Erlaubnis
Teil 1: Prpositionen der Zeit
Prpositionen AT + spezifische Tageszeit Beispiele at five oclock, at 3.45 p.m., at lunchtime Weitere Ausdrcke: at night, at Christmas, at the weekend on Tuesday, on Friday evening, on 1st January, on Valentines Day in the evening, in December, in the summer, in the sixties

ON + Tag, Teil eines Tages oder Datum IN + Zeitraum

in, during and for in oder during werden verwendet, um sagen zu knnen, wann etwas innerhalb eines gewissen Zeitraums geschieht.

for wird verwendet, um sagen zu knnen, wie lange etwas dauert. Eva went to Paris in/during the summer. Eva went to Paris for two weeks. (NICHT during two weeks) during wird verwendet, wenn der Zeitraum als Ereignis, Handlung oder Erlebnis dargestellt wird. She phoned me during the meeting. (NOT in the meeting) He told me the story during the flight. (NOT in the flight)

Unit 7 Das Passiv

Passiv = be (am, was, have been, etc.) + past participle (used, built, etc.) ASPEKT Zeitformen simple Its used. It isnt used. Is it used? continuous Its being used. It isnt being used. Is it being used? It was being used. It wasnt being used. Was it being used? perfect simple It has been used. It hasnt been used. Has it been used? It had been used. It hadnt been used. Had it been used? MODALVERBEN will (would, must ) It will be used. It wont be used. Will it be used?

Teil 2: Modalverben der Verpflichtung und der Erlaubnis

Notwendig have to (have got to) must need to should Nicht notwendig dont have to (havent got to) dont need to (neednt) Erlaubt can Nicht erlaubt cant mustnt shouldnt

Gegenwart

+ ?

must and have to: hnliche Bedeutungen Must suggeriert eine persnliche Verpflichtung notwendig, weil der Sprecher so denkt. Have to suggeriert eine externe Verpflichtung notwendig wegen einer Regel, einer Vereinbarung oder eines Gesetzes. Ive got terrible toothache. I must go to the dentist. I cant come to the lesson tomorrow. I have to go to the dentist. Sollte der Unterschied nicht klar sein, immer have to verwenden. Have to ist immer korrekt. must und should: hnliche Bedeutungen Must and should suggerieren eine persnliche Verpflichtung notwendig, weil der Sprecher so denkt. Sie knnen verwendet werden, um Ratschlge zu erteilen. Must ist viel strker als should. You must try and finish this report today. (Schon ber zwei Wochen im Verzug!) You should try and finish this report today. (Dann fhlt man sich gleich besser.) mustnt und dont have to: unterschiedliche Bedeutungen Mustnt bedeutet, dass etwas unerlaubt oder verboten ist. Dont have to bedeutet, dass etwas nicht unbedingt notwendig ist. You mustnt park here. (Parkverbot!) You dont have to park here. (Aber Sie knnen, wenn Sie wollen .....) can and cant: gegenstzliche Bedeutungen Can bedeutet, dass etwas erlaubt (oder mglich) ist. You can park here. (Es gibt keine Einschrnkung.) Cant ist hnlich wie mustnt. Es bedeutet, dass etwas nicht erlaubt ist. You cant park here. Its a no-parking zone.

Vergangenheit

+ ?

It was used. It wasnt used. Was it used?

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Die Verlaufsformen be being und been being sind uerst selten. Man sollte sie vermeiden. In passiven Stzen wird das Objekt des aktiven Verbs zum Subjekt des passiven Verbs. Mit anderen Worten: der Empfnger der Handlung wird zum Subjekt und steht am Anfang des Satzes. Aktiv subjekt subjekt subjekt Verb Verb Verb Objekt Objekt Objekt Somebody s stolen my wallet! Passiv subjekt My wallets been stolen! subjekt subjekt Verb Verb by + agent Verb

Detectives have arrested two men. Two men have been arrested. Tony Blair opened the London Eye. the London Eye was opened by Tony Blair.

In passiven Stzen wird der Tter - das sogenannte Agens - entweder gar nicht erwhnt oder erst am Ende des Satzes zusammen mit dem Wort by. Es gibt mehrere Grnde fr die Verwendung einer Passiv-Konstruktion. 1 Der "Tter bei der Handlung ist unbekannt. Their house was built in the 1980s. (Man wei nicht, wer es gebaut hat.)

2 Der Tter bei der Handlung ist in dem Zusammenhang vllig unwichtig. When was the Sydney Opera House built? In 1957. (Ich mchte wissen, wann es gebaut wurde, nicht wer es gebaut hat.) 3 Der "Tter ist offenkundig. Demonstrators were arrested and charged with disturbing the peace. (Dass die Polizei im Spiel war ist selbstvertndlich.) 4 Wir reden ber den Empfnger einer Handlung: der Tter ist die neue Information. Im Allgemeinen setzen wir die bekannte Information an den Anfang eines Satzes und die neue Information ans Ende. Vgl. folgende Beispiele: The London Eye is the most popular tourist attraction in London. Tony Blair opened it. The London Eye is the most popular tourist attraction in London. It was opened by Tony Blair. Die zweite Version ist leichter verstndlich, weil die Reihenfolge bekannt vor neu eingehalten wird. Das Passiv wird hufiger in der geschriebenen als in der mndlichen Sprache verwendet. Bei Verben mit zwei Objekten sind zwei Passiv-Konstruktionen mglich: I was given this watch by my parents on my 18th birthday. (Subjekt des Satzes: me/I.) This watch was given to me by my parents on my 18th birthday. (Subjekt des Satzes: the watch.)

They must be home by now. They set off over an hour ago. I might arrive late. Ive got to finish this report first. Whos at the door? It cant be Jill shes on holiday in France. Das Gegenteil von must be ist cant be. The keys cant be in my coat because I wasnt wearing it. They must be in my bag.

Teil 2: Plusquamperfekt (Vorvergangenheit) - Past perfect

Positive Aussage Negative Aussage I/You/He, etc. hadnt (had not) worked. Frage Kurzantwort Yes Kurzantwort No

I/You/He, etc. d (had) worked.

Had I/you/he, etc. worked?

Yes, I/you/he, etc. had.

No, I/you/he, etc. hadnt.

Das past perfect wird verwendet, wenn man ber die Vergangenheit spricht und eine noch frhere Zeit in der Vergangenheit beschreiben mchte. Das past perfect zeigt deutlich, dass ein Ereignis frher als andere stattgefunden hat. When we arrived, the concert had already started. Konjunktionen wie after, because, by the time und when werden oft verwendet, um zwei Nebenstze mit einfacher Vergangenheit (past simple) und Vorvergangenheit (past perfect) zu kombinieren. The film started. I arrived. The film had started when I arrived. The train left. He reached the platform. By the time he reached the platform, the train had left. He didnt check his tyres. He had a puncture. He had a puncture on the motorway because he hadnt checked his tyres. We had lunch. We went for a walk. We took the bus home. We had lunch and then took the bus home after we had been for a walk.

Unit 8 Modalverben der Schlussfolgerung. Plusquamperfekt (Vorvergangenheit)

Teil 1: Modalverben der Schlussfolgerung
Es gibt mehrere Mglichkeiten auszudrcken, wie sicher oder unsicher man ist. Grad der Sicherheit 99% sicher, dass etwas so IST 3 Modalverb It must be It may be It could be It might be 99% sicher, dass etwas NICHT so ist 7 It cant be Andere Ausdrcke Im sure its Perhaps its Maybe its

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Im sure it isnt

Unit 9 Indirekte Rede: Aussagen und Fragen

Indirekte Rede wird verwendet, um mit eigenen Worten zu berichten, was andere gesagt (oder gedacht) haben. Direkte Rede Indirekte Rede

Adverbien der Zeit oder des Ortes "Hier-und-jetzt Ausdrcke in der direkten Rede knnen in der indirekten Rede zu dortund-dann Ausdrcken werden. Can you come here tomorrow? He asked if I could go there the next/following day. Das berichtende Hauptverb Die am hufigsten vorkommenden Verben, die die indirekte Rede einleiten, sind: say (that) und tell somebody (that). Andere Verben wie admit, claim, explain, insist, reply or suggest knnen auch verwendet werden. Am besten schaut man im Wrterbuch nach, um sicher zu gehen, dass die Bedeutung, Wortwahl und Schreibweise stimmen. She said it was her fault. (NICHT She said me it was her fault.) She told me she hadnt been thinking. (NICHT She told that she hadnt been thinking.) She explained that she had been very tired. (NICHT She explained me that she had been very tired.) Indirekte Fragen Wenn ber Fragen berichtet wird, ndert sich der Satzbau. Die Reihenfolge wird zu Subjekt + Verb. do/does/did werden nicht verwendet. Bei yes/no Fragen werden if oder whether eingesetzt. How are you? He asked me how I was. Have you been here long? He asked me if/whether I had been there long. Where do you come from? He asked me where I came from. Imperative (Befehlsformen) ber einen Befehl oder eine Anweisung kann man mit tell somebody to do something oder ask somebody to do something berichten. Dont worry! She told him not to worry. Hurry up! He asked them to hurry up.

Anna said, I dont believe you. Anna said she didnt believe me. I said, We can talk about it tomorrow, I told her we could talk about it the next day. She said, Who do you think you are? She asked me who I thought I was. In jedem Bericht mit eigenen Worten mssen Zeitformen, Pronomina, Adverbien der Zeit und das Hauptverb berlegt werden. Wenn man ber Fragen berichtet, muss der Satzbau anders sein. Zeitformen Normalerweise gibt es ein natrliches Zurcksetzen der Zeitform, weil das was gesagt wurde, jetzt in der Vergangenheit liegt. Gegenwart (present) wird zu Vergangenheit (past); Perfekt (present perfect) oder einfache Vergangenheit (past simple) weden zu Vorvergangenheit (past perfect); can wird zu could, etc. Direkte Rede Indirekte Rede

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Im really tired. She said she was really tired. Ive had a great day. He said hed had a great day. I cut my finger. She said shed cut her finger. Im going to have a shower. He said he was going to have a shower. I was trying to open a tin of beans. She said she had been trying to open a tin of beans. I cant be bothered to cook. He said he couldnt be bothered to cook. I dont want to go out. She said she didnt want to go out. Ill order a Chinese take-away. He said he would order a Chinese take-away. Pronomina Pronomina (I, she, we, etc.) und Possessivformen (my, your, his, etc.) knnen sich ndern, je nachdem wer berichtet und ber was oder wen berichtet wird. Direkte Rede: I understand your ideas but I dont agree with them. Bericht 1: My mother told me that she understood my ideas but that she didnt agree with them. Bericht 2: Teds mother told him that she understood his ideas but that she didnt agree with them.

Unit 10 Bestimmende Relativstze. Reale Bedingungsstze.

Teil 1: Bestimmende Relativstze
Ein Relativsatz kann eine Person oder einen Gegenstand nher bestimmen, die oder der im Hauptsatz erwhnt wird. Im Satzbau steht der Relativsatz unmittelbar nach der Person oder dem Gegenstand, die oder der beschrieben wird. Man verwendet that (oder who) fr Personen und that (oder which) fr Gegenstnde. The man that/who cuts my hair is called Jo. A frog is an animal that/which lives on land and in water. Das Relativpronomen (that, which, who) kann das Subjekt des Verbs im Relativsatz sein. Subjekt Verb Subjekt Verb People who come from Paris are called Parisians. A florists is a shop that sells flowers. Wenn das Relativpronomen das Subjekt des Verbs ist, darf man es nicht weglassen.

Das Relativpronomen (that, which, who) kann das Objekt des Verbs im Relativsatz sein. Objekt Verb Objekt Verb The work that you do is very interesting. The man who I met yesterday is a famous artist. Wenn das Relativpronomen das Objekt des Verbs ist, darf man es auch weglassen. The work that you do is very interesting. The man who I met yesterday is a famous artist.

if-Nebensatz If he finds out the truth,

Hauptsatz its all over for you and me. well be in big trouble. you can forget about our holiday in Rome. deny everything!

Teil 2: Reale Bedingungsstze

Reale Bedingungsstze - manchmal Konditional 1 genannt - bestehen aus einem if-Nebensatz und einem Hauptsatz. Sie werden verwendet, um gegenwrtige oder zuknftige Situationen zu beschreiben, die wirklich oder mglich sind. Es knnen auch Versprechungen, Warnungen oder Drohungen sein. If the weather improves, well go for a walk. If you give up smoking, Ill be very happy. If you touch that, youll burn your finger. If you dont go now, well call the police. if-Nebensatz In den meisten realen Bedingungsstzen verwendet man eine Form des Prsens (present simple, present continuous oder present perfect) im if-Nebensatz, auch wenn man ber die Zukunft spricht. if-Nebensatz Present simple Present continuous Present perfect going to Modales Hilfsverb If you arrive early, If youre spending any time in London, If you havent finished by ten, If youre going to talk to me like that, If you cant do it, Hauptsatz wait for me in the station caf. I can recommend a great hotel. youll miss the post. Im leaving! ask Tom for help

Der if-Nebensatz oder der Hauptsatz kann an erster oder zweiter Stelle im Satz stehen. If I feel like going out, Ill give you a call. ODER Ill give you a call if I feel like going out. Wenn der if-Nebensatz vor dem Hauptsatz steht, sollte man ein Komma danach einsetzen.

Unit 11 Wnsche und Bedauern. Irreale Bedingungsstze.

Teil 1: Wnsche und Bedauern
I wish / If only bilden zwei Mglichkeiten, ber unwirkliche oder irreale Situationen zu sprechen. Sie werden verwendet, um Wnsche oder Bedauern betr. die Gegenwart oder die Vergangeheit auszudrcken. Nach I wish / If only wird die Zeitform des Verbs "zurckgesetzt, um zeigen zu knnen, dass die beschriebene Situation keine wirkliche ist oder war. nderungen der Zeitform Tatsache Im a teacher. Present simple Im going to the concert with Adam. Present continuous I havent studied any other languages. Present perfect I left school early Past simple Wunsch/Bedauern If only / I wish I wasnt/werent a teacher. Past simple I wish / If only I was going with Carl. Past continuous I wish / If only I had studied another language. Past perfect If only / I wish I hadnt left school early. Past perfect

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Unless hat die gleiche Bedeutung wie if not. Unless you agree = If you dont agree if-Nebensatz Unless you start studying now / If you dont start studying now, Hauptsatz youll never pass your exams.

Hauptsatz Im Hauptsatz verwendet man normalerweise das present simple, ein modales Hilfsverb (insbesondere will/wont, can, must und may), oder ein Imperativ.

Andere nderungen (keine Zeitformen) Tatsache I dont have enough/much time. Im not very good at maths. Wunsch/Bedauern If only / I wish I had more time. If only / I wish I was/were better at maths.

Unit 12 Etwas machen lassen (have something done)

Den Ausdruck have something done (Im going to have my house painted.) wird verwendet, wenn man jemanden beauftragt, etwas zu erledigen oft wird die Person auch dafr bezahlt. Eine etwas informellere Variante wre get something done statt have something done. Form: have/get + etwas (Objekt) + Partizip 2 Ill probably get my hair cut next week. Have you had your ears pierced? You really should get your eyes tested. Vgl. z.B. folgende zwei Stze: Mandy cut her hair last week. Mandy had her hair cut last week. Im ersten Satz hat Mandy selbst ihre Haare geschnitten. Im zweiten Satz hat jemand anderes ihr die Haare geschnitten und hat wahrscheinlich auch dafr Geld bekommen. Manchmal kann have something done bedeuten, dass man etwas Unangenehmes oder Negatives erfahren hat. We had our house broken into yesterday. Dies bedeutet NICHT, dass man jemanden bewusst und absichtlich bei sich hat einbrechen lassen, sondern dass einem etwas Schlechtes widerfahren ist. I had my bike stolen last week. He tried to cheat the mafia and ended up having his legs broken.

Teil 2: Irreale Bedingungsstze

Irreale Bedingungsstze bestehen aus einem if-Nebensatz und einem Hauptsatz. Bei der Bildung eines irrealen Bedingungssatzes wird die Zeitform des Verbs im if-Nebensatz zurckgesetzt, um zeigen zu knnen, dass die beschriebene Situation keine wirkliche ist oder war. if-Nebensatz Um zu zeigen, dass eine gegenwrtige (oder zuknftige) Situation Imaginr ist, wird eine Vergangenheitsform des Verbs verwendet. Tatsache I am not a teenager. Imaginre Situation 'If I was/were a teenager, *

If I/he/she/it were ist formeller als If I/he/she/it was. Beim fest stehenden Ausdruck If I were you wird were immer verwendet. Hauptsatz Im Hauptsatz wird normalerweise would/wouldnt + Infinitiv verwendet. if-Nebensatz If I could sing, Hauptsatz Id be in a band.

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Unit 12 Exercises
1 Read the sentences and underline the most appropriate verb form in each case. a)  Were redecorating our house / having our house redecorated at the moment. Ill be glad when the painters have finally finished and left. b)  Im going to clean my car / have my car cleaned later, so Ive bought a new pressure washer. c) Do you really think Angelina Jolie is ugly? I think you need to test your eyes / have your eyes tested. d)  Were going to fix the roof / have the roof fixed soon. We have to wait until the builders and can do it. e)  Im cooking dinner / having dinner cooked for some friends this evening. We get together once a week, and tonight its my turn to be the host. f)  My wife has just repaired her car / had her car repaired. Its great that shes such a practical person and it saves us a lot of money!

if-Nebensatz Um zu zeigen, dass eine vergangene Situation imaginr ist, wird das past perfect verwendet. Tatsache I didnt tell him. Imaginre Situation 'If I had told him,

Hauptsatz Im Hauptsatz wird normalerweise would/wouldnt + have + Partizip 2 verwendet. if-Nebensatz If Id had a map, Hauptsatz I wouldnt have got lost.

2  Complete the sentences with have / get + something + past participle, using the verb in brackets. a) We (deliver) _____ a takeaway _____ to our house every week. b) I always (service) _____ my car _____ at the same garage. c) I (cut) _____ my hair _____ once a month. d) I usually (check) _____ my teeth _____ every six months. Ive got a really good dentist. e) We (do) _____ odd jobs _____ in our house by professionals. f) I (take) _____ my passport _____ photos in a professional studio. They look much better. Work with a partner. Discuss which sentences are true for you.

3 Using the prompts, make questions with have/get + something + past participle. a)  You / ever / appearance / change Have you ever had your appearance changed? b) How often / you / eyes / test c) You / ever / anything / steal d) You / ever / ears / pierce e) You / ever / your car / vandalise f) How often / you / hair / cut Work with a partner. Take it in turns to ask and answer the questions.

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