( )

1. :
,
Harmonia .1 (Martin Chemnitz, 1522-1586)
(Andrea Osiander) Harmonia evangelica
()
,2 , , ,
.
Harmonia (historia)
(doctrina) ,
,
.
: 20:1-2, 5:1-6, 4:20, 19:36-37, 20:8, 22:31-33

(1)

(dignitas)
.
(regula vivendi et colendi) .
( ):

(2)

( 20:3-17, 5:7-21),
.

19:2, 18:13 .
(appendices):

(3)

,
.

1

Mosis reliqui libri quauor in formam harmoniae (CO 24). CO

. Ioannis Calvini opera quae supersunt omnia, ed. G. Baum, E. Cunitz, E. Reuss, 59
vols. (Corpus Reformatorum, vols. xxix f.) (Brunswick: C. A. Schwetschke, 1863-1900).
2
Cf. Henk Jan De Jonge, Sixteenth-century Gospel Harmonies: Chemnitz and Mercator, in
Thorie et pratique de lexgse, ed. Irena Backus et Francis Higman (Genve: Droz, 1990), 155-166.
David F. Wright
. The Ethical Use of the Old Testament in Luther and Calvin: A
Comparison, Scottish Journal of Theology 36/4 (1983), 475.
1

 . , , ,
(regula vivendi iuste et pie)
.
(fines) (usus):

(4)

(substantia) (veritas) ,
(perfectio)
,

.
,

.3
, (religio)
(pietas) (forma) . 4 Harmonia -
- .
.
(ordo docendi) ,

. ,
() .
2.
3

Cf. David F. Wright,

Institutio christianae religionis, in libros quatuor nunc primum digesta, certisque distincta
capitibus, ad aptissimam methodum:aucta etiam tam magna accessione ut propemodum opus novum
haberi possit, 1559, 2.7.1(CO 2.252). .
Institutes of the Christian Religion, ed. John T. McNeill, tr. Ford Lewis Battles, Library of Christian
Classics, vols. 20-21 (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1960),. Inst. . . :
Legis nomine non solum decem praecepta, quae pie iusteque vivendi regulam praescribunt, intelligo, sed
formam religionis per manum Mosis a Deo traditam(

). (regula vivendi pie et recte) , Confession of Faith
(1536), CO 9.694; The Catechism of the Church of Geneva, CO 6.51-52; The Commentaries of John
Calvin, 46 vols., Calvin Translation Society Edition (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1948-1950), The
Preface, 2/1.xvi-xvii (CO 24.5-6); Ex. 19:1-2 (1.313-316, CO 24.192).
(vols. 1-15). John Calvin, New Testament Commentaries, ed. D. W. Torrance and T. F.
Torrance (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1960-1972), Matt. 5:19 (1.181, CO 45.172-173); Rom. 7:11 (145,
CO 49.126). . Comm. .
. , Byung- Ho Moon, Lex Dei Regula
Vivendi et Vivificandi: Calvins Christological Understanding of the Law in the Light of Christus
Mediator Legis, Ph. D. dissertation (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University, 2004), 232-236, 251-263.
4

 () .

.
, .

( 10:2)
,

( 5:7) .

.
(symbolum, signe)


. ,
.

(signatum) (significatum) (corpus)
.

.5

(pignus) .

(clientes)
(sacrificium gratiarum).

. ,

, (ad haereditatem
usque vitae coelestis) .
(spiritualis gratiae symbolum),
(analogiam et similitudinem).

Comm. Ex. 12:1-2 (1.456-459, CO 24.285-287).

3

(obsignat) (sanguinis
expiatione) (propitium, )
. ,
(symbolum).
( 5:7) .

.6


. ()
.
. ?
,
?

.
.
3.
3.1

. (mediator) ,
, . , ,
, , ,
,
.
(the Angel) () (, praesentia)
.7 (mediatores)

(apologetic)
6

Comm. Ex. 12:2 (1.457-458, CO 24.286).

Cf. Comm. Gen.12:3 (1.349, CO 23.117-118); Gen. 16:10 (1.433, CO 23.228); Gen. 18:2
(1.470, CO 23.251); Gen. 22:2 (1.563-565, CO 23.313-314); Ex. 30:23 (2.224, CO 24.446); Lev. 16:3
(2.315, CO 24.501-502); I Cor. 10:9 (209, CO 45.459); Heb. 1:5 (11, CO 55.15). Sermons of M. Iohn
Calvin upon the Fifth Booke of Moses called Deuteronomeie, tr. Arthur Golding (London: Henry
Middleton, 1583; facsimile repr. Edinburgh: Banner of Truth, 1993), Deut. 9:25-29 (417b-420b, CO
26.724-730). Serm. , .
7

.8
. 9
(Adonai), (Elohim), (Jehovah, Jahweh)
.
(, messenger) (natura) .10
(persona mediatoris) ,11
.12

(substantia), (anima), (lux), (veritas)
(finis) . 13
(repraesentatio)
(praesentia) . ,

.14

,

.15
(praesentia)
: () , ,
.16

Cf. Comm. Gen. 8:20 (1.281, CO 23.138); Ex. 3:2 (1.61, CO 24.35-36); Jos. 5:13-14 (87-88,
CO 25.463-464); Dan. 7:27 (2.77, CO 41.85); Zech. 12:8 (358, CO 44.332); Col. 2:18 (338-340, CO
52.111-112).
9
Cf. Comm. Gen. 18:2 (1.470, CO 23.251); Gen. 20:7 (1.526, CO 23.290); Gen. 28:12 (2.113,
CO 23.391); Ex. 23:20 (1.403, CO 24.251); Jos. 5:13, 14 (87-88, CO 25.463-464).
10
Comm. Mal. 3:1 (568-569, CO 44.461-462); Dan. 9:18 (2.181, CO 41.157).
11
Comm. Ps. 45:6-7 (2.178-183, CO 31.451-454).
12
Comm. Ex. 14:19 (1.248-249, CO 24.153); Zech. 3:3-4 (87, CO 44.171).
13
Cf. Comm. Ex. 28:42 (2.205-206, CO 24.435-436); Isa. 29:11-12 (2.322, CO 36.492); Eze.
16:61 (2.176-178, CO 40.395-396).
14
Comm. Gen. 4:5 (1.196, CO 23.86); Ex. 29:38-46 (2.295, CO 24.490); Lev. 17:1 (2.260, CO
24.468-469); Ps. 119:108 (4.482, CO 32.261); Hab. 2:5 (84, CO 43.535-536); Serm. Deut. 33:9-11
(1202a-1209b, CO 29.142-155); John Calvins Sermons on Isaiahs Prophecy of the Death and Passion of
Jesus Christ, tr. T. H. L. Parker (London: James Clake, 1956), Isa. 53:12 (140-152, CO 35.679-688).
15
Gen. 17:13 (1.456, CO 23.243); Ex. 23:20 (1.403, CO 24.251); Jos. 5:13-14 (87, CO 25.463464); Matt. 11:2 (2.2, CO 45.299); I Cor. 10:9 (209, CO 49.459); Sermons upon the Epistle of Saint Paul
to the Galatians, tr. Arthur Golding (London, 1574; reissued, Audubon, N. J.: Old Paths Publications,
1995), Gal. 1:6-8 (52, CO 50.302-303).
16
Joseph N. Tylenda, The Controversy on Christ the Mediator: A Response to the Polish Nobles
and to Francesco Stancaro of Mantua, in The Controversy on Christ the Mediator: Calvins Second
Reply to Stancaro, Calvin Theological Journal, 147 (CO 9.350): [Nam] certe aeternus iam ab
initio ante lapsum Adae, et alienationem ac dissidium humani generis a Deo, fuit mediator.
5


(Inst. 2.12.1, CO 2.340).17
. 18
.
(obiectum)
(Inst. 2.6.2, CO 2.250).

. (tousiours)
,
. 19 17 18
.
. . . . ,

,

,

.20
3.2 () (praesentia et officium Christi)

() ,

.
(praesentia)

.21 3 2
17

Quamvis ab omni labe integer stetisset homo, humilior tamen erat eius conditio quam ut sine
mediatore ad Deum penetraret. Cf. Joseph N. Tylenda, Christ the Mediator: Calvin versus Stancaro,
Calvin Theological Journal 8/2 (1973), 5. . How Christ is
the Mediator: A Response to the Polish Brethren to Refute Stancaros Error, 12 (CO 9.350).
18
Cf. Comm. Gen. 18:13 (1.475, CO 23.254); Ex. 3:2 (1.61, CO 24.35-36); Isa. 19:20 (2.75, CO
36.344); Isa. 63:17 (4.359, CO 37.405); Matt. 1:23 (1.69, CO 45.69); Jn. 5:46 (1.143, CO 47.129); Jn.
16:23-24 (2.125-128, CO 47.367-369); Jn. 16:26 (2.129-130, CO 47,371); Heb. 8:5 (107, CO 55.99);
John Calvins Sermons on the Deity of Christ, tr. Leroy Nixon (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1950; 2 nd ed.
Audubon, N. J.: Old Paths Publications, 1997), Matt. 26:36-39 (65, CO 46.846); Matt. 26:67-27:10 (114,
CO 46.886); Serm. Gal. 3:13-14 (407-408, 412, CO 50.515, 518); Gal. 3:15-18 (423-437, CO 525-534).
19
Serm. Gal. 3:19-20 (452-453, CO 50.541). Cf. Serm. Gal. 3:19-20 (456, CO 50.544): Il nous
a donn sa Loy, il nous a donn son Evangile ne persons pas quen cela il y ait nulle repugnance, mais le
tout saccorde bien.
20
Comm. Acts 17:18 (2.108, CO 48.406).
21
Cf. Confessio de Trinitate propter calumnias P. Caroli, CO 9.708-710 (De Christo Iehova).
6

 (Angelum Jehovae) .


. ,
.
( 10:4) ,
. ,
, (messenger)
.
.


.22
:
(figura personae mediatoris) .
(vigebat) .
(respectu personae mediatoris) .
(praesentia)
(mysterium) .23
.
() .
.24
.

.25

22

Comm. Ex. 3:2 (1.61-62, CO 24.35-36): . . . recte senserunt veteres ecclesiae doctores,
aeternum Dei filium ita vocari, respectu personae mediatoris, quam licet vere demum una cum carne
susceperit, figuram tamen gestavit ab initio. Et Paulus huius mysterii nobis idoneus est interpres, qui
palam asserit (1. Cor. 10, 4) Christum fuisse ducem populi in deserto. Quanquam ergo tunc, proprie
loquendo, nondum nuncius patris erat, praedestinatio tamen ad officium iam tunc ita vigebat, ut patribus
sub hoc habitu cognoscendum se exhibuerit. Nec sane alia unquam sanctis fuit communicatio cum Deo
quam per mediatorem promissum. Itaque nihil mirum si aeternus Dei sermo, unius cum patre deitatis et
essentiae, nomen angeli mutuatus sit futurae legationis respectu.
23
Cf. Alexandre Ganoczy. Ecclesia Ministrans: dienende Kirche und kirchlicher Dienst bei
Calvin (Freiburg: Herder, 1968), 108-113.
24
Cf. Comm. Eze. 1:25, 26 (1.99, CO 40.55); Jos. 5:13-14 (87-88, CO 25.463-464).
25
Comm. Ex. 3:14 (1.73, CO 24.44): . . . ut unicum esse Dei absorbeat quascunque imaginamur
essentias: deinde ut accedat simul summum imperium et potestas gubernandi omnia.
7

 . 26

, . 27
12 3-5 .

. .
.
.28


. (proprietas)
.
(Elohim)
(servus Dei et frater noster) .
,
(salutis nostrae custos et praeses)29 .
,
(non quis sit apud se, sed qualis erga nos)
(Inst. 1.10.2, CO 2.73).
.
( 15:5, 7, 17:6-8)
(consilium Dei)
(providentia) .30 ,
, .31
26

Comm. Ex. 6:3 (1.127-128, CO 24.78): Quum ergo nihil Deo magis sit proprium quam
aeternitas, vocatur Iehova quod a se ipso habeat esse, et arcana inspiratione omnia sustineat. . . . Neque
tamen Deus hoc loco per nomen syllabas vel literas intelligit, sed gloriae et maiestatis suae notitiam, quae
maior et amplior resplenduit in ecclesiae redemptione quam in ipso foederis exordio.
27
Comm. Ex. 14:19 (1.248-249, CO 24.153): Porro qui ante vocatus est Iehova, hunc iam
nomine angeli designat Moses: non tantum quia angeli, qui Deum repraesentant, eius nomen saepe
mutuantur, sed quia dux ille populi, unigenitus erat Dei filius, qui postea in carne manifestatus fuit, sicuti
ex Pauli autoritate docui (1. Corin. 10,4).
28
Comm. Hos. 12:3-5 (421, CO 42.455): Christus enim aeterna Dei sapientia induit personam
mediatoris, antequam induceret carnem nostram. Fuit ergo nunc mediator, et eo respectu fuit etiam
angelus. Interea fuit etiam Iehova qui nunc est Deus manifestatus in carne. Cf. Comm. Zech. 3:3-4 (87,
CO 44.171).
29
Comm. Ps. 45:6-7 (2.178-183, CO 31.451-454).
30
Comm. Ex. 1:1-5 (1.19-21, CO 24.9-10), 2:24 (1.58-59, CO 24.33-34), 3:7-8 (1.66-68, CO
24.39-40), 3:17 (1.77, CO 24.46), 3:22 (1.81, CO 24.48-49), 5:1 (1.112, CO 24.68-69), etc.
31
Comm. Ex. 1:12 (1.29, CO 24.15), 2:10 (1.45, CO 24.25), 3:15 (1.75, CO 24.45), 12:23
(1.222-223, CO 24.136), 12:37-39 (1.226-229, CO 24.139-140), etc.
8

3.3 (unio sacramentalis cum Christo)

,
(Inst.
4.14.1). (signum) (Inst.
4.14.4).
(Inst. 4.14.7).
(testimonium), , , ,
(Inst. 4.14.7, 13). ,
(interior magister) (Inst. 4.14.9, CO 2.947).
, ,
(Inst. 4.14.17). (materia) (substantia)
(Inst. 4.14.16, CO 2.952).
(obsignatur) (Inst. 4.14.20,
CO 2.957).


(cf. Inst. 4.18.19-20).
(, , , Inst. 4.14.20).
.
(Inst. 4.14.25).

(mortificatio) ,
(Inst.
4.15.9).
.
.
(significatio), (signum) (significata) (materia seu
substantia), (virtus) . ,
,
(efficaciam) (arcana spiritus sancti virtus) (Inst. 4.17.10, 11).
.

.
(, renascentia)

 . 32
(visibili)
,
(externo signo, symbolo) .
(spiritus virtute, 1:2)
.33

34

(symbolum futurae liberationis).

(forma) , (substantia)
. 35 (typus) (umbra) (veritas)
(substantia) . 36

; ,

. 37
.38

(Inst. 4.17.10). The so-called extra Calvinisticum


(etiam extra carnem) (spiritually yet real)
.

. the presence of the whole Christ but not
wholly (totus ubique sed non totum) (Inst. 1.14.1-3, cf, 4.17.29-30).39
,
. .
(Inst

32

Comm. Ex. 12:2 (1.458, CO 24.286).

Comm. Ex. 12:5 (1.460-461, CO 24. 288).
34
Comm. Ex. 12:5 (1.460-461, CO 24. 289).
35
Comm. Ex. 12:14 (1.463, CO 24. 290).
36
Comm. Ex. 12:46 (1.467, CO 24. 288
37
Comm. Ex. 12:24 (1.465, CO 24. 291): Doctrina enim merito anima sacramentorum dici
potest, qua remota nullus superset vigor, tantum abest ut nos vivificent.
38
Comm. Ex. 12:43 (1.465, CO 24.291), 13:8 (1.472, CO 24.294-295).
39
The so-called extra Calvinisticum , Byung- Ho
Moon, Lex Dei Regula Vivendi et Vivificandi: Calvins Christological Understanding of the Law in the
Light of Christus Mediator Legis, 115-121.
33

10

4.17.30, CO 2.1032).40
The so-called extra Calvinisticum
.

.
. 41
(forma hominis) ,
(praeludium mysterii) .42
,
, 43
(specimen) . 44
()
.

.
(caput et fundamentum foederis)
. 45 (praesentia)
46 (gustum aliquem)
.47
.

.

, (Christus
aeternus ecclesiae custos) (praesentia) (sacramentalis
40

Mediator [ergo] noster quum totus ubique sit, suis semper adest; et in coena speciali modo
praesentem se exhibet, sic tamen ut totus adsit, non totum.
41
Comm. Gen. 28:12 (2.113, CO 23.391).
42
Comm. Jos. 5: 14 (87-88, CO 45.464). Cf. Willis, David E. Calvins Catholic Christology: The
Function of the So-Called Extra Calvinisticum in Calvins Theology (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1966), 68-71,
124-125.
43
Comm. Gen. 18:13 (1.475, CO 23.13).
44
Comm. Ex. 23:20 (1.404, CO 24.252). Cf. Comm. Ex. 3:2 (1.61, CO 24.35-36); Ps 132:10
(5.153, CO 32.347); Isa. 19:20 (2.75, CO 36.344); Dan. 7:13 (2.40-44, CO 41.59-62); Dan. 8:15 (2.111112, CO 41.109-110); Matt. 28:18 (3.250, CO 45.821); II Tim. 1:5 (292, CO 52.348); Heb. 8:5 (107, CO
55.99); Heb. 8:6 (108, CO 55.99-100).
45
Comm. Jn. 5:46 (1.143, CO 47.129); II Tim. 1:5 (292, CO 52.348).
46
Comm. Heb. 8:5 (107, CO 55.99): There was a real spiritual meaning in everything, in that
Moses was commanded to do every thing according to the original pattern which was heavenly. . . . these
practices [Old Testament ceremonies] were to hold the people to faith in the Mediator.
47
Comm. Dan. 8:15 (2.112, CO 41.110).
11

loquendi) :

,

.48
3.4
(Inst.
4.15.6, 4.17.2). (Inst.
4.15.5), .
, ,
;
, , , (Inst. 4.17.3).

.
(iustificatio) (imputatio iustitiae Christi)
(Inst. 3.11.2, CO 2.534).
(communio)
(vestitus) (Inst. 3.17.8, CO 2.596).

( ) .
(Catechismus) 49 1543
(sola fide non tantum nos, sed opera etiam
nostra iustificari) (1543 Inst. 10.70, CO 1.787, Inst 3.17.10, CO 2.598).
.

(communionis cum morte Christi) .50
(mutua
similitude respondeat) . 51
(qualitatem) .52
48

Comm. Ex. 13:21 (1.236, CO 24.145): . . . qua Deus nomen suum ad visibiles figuras
transfert: non ut illis affigat suam essentiam, vel immensitatem circumscribat, sed tantum ut doceat
praesentiae suae signa non fallaciter se ingerere hominum oculis, quin simul vere coniuncta sit rei
signatae exhibitio.
49
I. John Hesselink, Calvins First Catechism: A Commentary (Louisville: Westminster/John
Knox, 1997), 21 (CO 5.336-337).
50
Comm. Rom. 6:7 (126, CO 49.108). Cf. Comm Rom. 6:3 (122, CO 49.105).
51
Comm. Rom. 6:10 (127, CO 49.109).
52
Comm. Rom. 5:17 (117, CO 49.100).
12


(communicatio) .
. 53
(communicatur) . 54

(iustitia)

(qualitatem) (proprium)
.55
.56
, ,
.
.

. 16:1-8 12:1-20, 24-27, 43-49
. .

.57

. (signe)
(corps) [significare], (ombre) (figure)
(substance) (verit) [adumbrare]
. 58
.
. 59

. ,
(union sacree) (participan)
(communiquer).
.60

53

Cf. Comm. Rom. 6:1 (121, CO 49.103).

Comm. Rom. 1:17 (28, CO 49.20); Rom. 3:21 (70, CO 49.57); Rom. 3:22 (73, CO 49.60).
55
Comm. Rom. 5:19 (118, CO 49.101).
56
Comm. Rom. 6:22-23 (136, CO 49.118).
57
Serm. Deut. 16:1-4 (600b, CO 27.369).
58
Serm. Deut. 16:1-4 (597a-600a, CO 27.361-369).
59
Serm. Deut. 16:5-8 (603a-b, CO 27.373-374): . . . quand nous en aurons est arousez par le
sainct Esprit, que ce sang-la sera tousiours frais, iamais il ne tairira.
60
Serm. Deut. 16:5-8 (604a-606b, CO 27.375-382).
54

13

. (un Sacrement sans doctrine et sans

instruction est une chose morte).
.
. (cf. Inst. 3.2.67). 61
,
(pignus).

(generalis praefatio)

.62

,
(signum) .
.63
.
(praesentio) .
. ,
. (originaliter)
(accidentale) (ministram mortis) .64
lex vivendi (natura)
(officium)
.

(Inst. 1.15.1-8, CO 2.134-143).
(conditionality) ,
(lex vivendi)
.
,
,

. .
, (sursum corda)
61
62
63
64

Serm. Deut. 16:5-8 (607a-b, CO 27.382-384, 27.382).

Comm. Ex. 20:1-2 (1.339-340, CO 24.209-210).
Comm. Ex. 3:12 (1.71-72, CO 24.42-43).
Comm. Gen. 2:16 (126, CO 23.45); Gen. 3:8 (161, CO 23.65).
14

 .
.
.
. (signum)
(pignus). ,
,
.
.
4. :
,
.
(
2:17) () .65
.
.
.
.
,
.

.

,
.
,
.

.
.
, .
.

65

Comm. I Cor. 5:8 (111, CO 49.383): . . . vetus pascha non praeteriti modo beneficii
fuisse, sed venturi etiam Christi sacramentum: a quo hoc habemus, ut transeamus de morte
in vitam. Alioqui non staret illud, corpus legalium umbrarum esse in Christo.
15

 ( 3:18, 5:3).
, (substantia) (veritas)
. (figura) (umbra)
(significatio) .
,

?

.
. (*)

(Soli Deo Gloria in Aeternum)!

16