II.

MATERIALE I CERCETRI

UNITI MILITAR-ADMINISTRATIVE BIZANTINE N BULGARIA RSRITEAN I LA DUNREA DE JOS N TIMPUL LUI IOANNES I TZIMISKES
Vasile Mrcule Ioan Mrcule
Victoria nregistrat de mpratul Ioannes I Tzimiskes (969-976) asupra marelui cneaz de Kiev, Sveatoslav I, n vara anului 971, se solda cu restabilirea stpnirii Imperiului Bizantin asupra teritoriilor Bulgariei Rsritene i de la Dunrea de Jos. Teritoriile recucerite, mpratul a organizat succesiv, pn la sfritul domniei sale, mai multe theme. Strategia de Ioannoupolis. n primvara anului 971, mpratul bizantin Ioannes I Tzimiskes declana o ofensiv generalizat mpotriva forelor ruse ptrunse n Thracia. La 5 aprilie, forele bizantine luau cu asalt Preslavul, vechea reedin a arilor bulgari. Oraul cucerit primea numele de Ioannoupolis, dup cel al mpratului (Leo Diaconus, VIII, 8; Leo the Deacon 2005, VIII, 8). Dup o scurt edere la Preslav, perioad n care a refcut forticaiile oraului afectate de asediu, mpratul, dup ce a lsat la Preslav o garnizoan bizantin, s-a ndreptat cu toate otile sale spre Dorostolon (Dristra-Silistra), unde se retrsese Sveatoslav I cu otile sale. Fr mare dicultate, forele bizantine au cucerit regiunile Bulgariei Rsritene, cu principalele centre forticate, Pliska i Dinia, precum i toate oraele care scuturar jugul sciilor (ruilor - n.n.) (Leo Diaconus, VIII, 8; Leo the Deacon 2005, VIII, 8). Concomitent cu aciunea de cucerire, Ioannes I Tzimiskes a realizat organizarea militar-administrativ a noilor achiziii teritoriale ale imperiului. Regiunile Bulgariei Rsritene intrate sub stpnirea bizantin erau organizate n primvara anului 971 ntr-o nou unitate militar-administrativ

Stpnirile bizantine de la Dunrea de Jos la sfritul secolului X. Tyragetia, s.n., vol. VII [XXII], nr. 2, 2013, 55-63.

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II. Materiale i cercetri

Krsmanovi 2010: B. Krsmanovi, Beobachtungen zum Taktikon Escorialense. BZ CIII/2, 2010, 605-637. Laurent 1967: V. Laurent, Abteilung. BZ LVIII, 1967, 238-239. Leo Diaconus: Leonis Diaconi Calonses, Historia, scriptoresque alii a res byzantinas pertinentes, edidit Carolus Benedictus Hase (Parisiis MDCCCXIX). Leo Diaconus: Leonis Diaconi Calonses, Historiae liber decem et liber de velitatione bellica Nicephori Augusti, recensione Caroli Benedicti Hasii (Bonnae MDCCCXXVIII). Leo the Deacon 2005: Leo the Deacon, The History. Bizantine Military Expansion in the Tenth Century (Washington D.C. 2005). Madgearu 2007: Al. Madgearu, Organizarea militar bizantin la Dunre n secolele X-XII (Trgovite 2007). Mrcule 2005: V. Mrcule, Noi consideraii asupra organizrii teritoriilor bizantine de la Dunrea de Jos n secolele X-XI. SUC. Series Historica, II, 2005, 113-127. Mrcule 2005-2006: V. Mrcule, Din nou despre organizarea teritoriilor bizantine de la Dunrea de Jos: Strategatul de Dristra-Dorostolon. Peuce s.n. III-IV, 2005-2006, 295-317. Mrcule 2006: V. Mrcule, Noi consideraii asupra organizrii, funcionrii i rolului Themei Mesopotamia Apusului. 971-c.1000. Pontica XXXIX, 2006, 295-317. Mrcule 2010: V. Mrcule, Un probable gouverneur du thme Paristrion-Paradounavon de la premire partie du XIe sicle. OCP 76/1, 2010, 201-208. Mrcule 2011: V. Mrcule, Nouvelles considrations sur le fonctionnement du Stratgat de Dristra (env. 971env. 1018/1020). Suceava XXXVIII, 2011, 55-66. Mititelu, Barnea 1966: I. Mititelu, I. Barnea, Sigilii de plumb bizantine din regiunea Dunrii de Jos. SCIV 17/1, 1966, 43-50. Oikonomids 1964: N. Oikonomids, Un taktikon indit du Xe sicle. Cod. Scorial. gr. R-II-11. In: Actes du XIIe Congrs International des tudes Byzantines. Ochride, 10-16 septembre 1961, tome II (Beograd 1964), 177183. Oikonomids 1965: N. Oikonomids, Recherches sur lhistoire du Bas-Danube aux Xe-XIe sicles: la Msopotamie de lOccident. RSEE III/1-2, 1965, 57-79. Oikonomids 1998: N. Oikonomids, propos de la premire occupation byzantine de la bulgarie (971-ca.986). . Mlanges offerts Hlne Ahrweiler, t. II (Paris 1998), 581-589. Pavlov 2002: P. Pavlov, Antichitate i Evul Mediu. In: P. Pavlov, I. Ianev, D. Cain, Istoria Bulgariei (Bucureti 2002), 9-70. Scylitzae 1973: Ioannis Scylitzae, Synopsis historiarum, recensuit Ioannes Thurn (Berolini et Novi Eboraci, MCMLXXIII). Seibt 1995: W. Seibt, Sigillographische Beitrge zus bulgarischen Geschichte. Dobruda 12, 1995, 224-232. Seibt 1996: W. Seibt, Review of Jordanov, Preslav. BZ LXXXIX, 1996, 134-138. Skylitzes 2010: John Skylitzes, A Synopsis of Bizantine History, 811-1057, translated by John Wortley (Cambridge 2010). Stnescu 1974: E. Stnescu, Byzance et les Pays Roumains aux IXe-XVe sicles. In: Actes du XIVe Congrs International des tudes Byzantines. Bucarest, 6-12 septembre 1974, publis par les soins de M. Berza et E. Stnescu, vol. I (Bucureti 1974), 393-431. Stephenson 2000: P. Stephenson, Byzantiums Balkan Frontier. A Political Study of the Northern Balkans, 9001204 (Cambridge 2000). Treadgold 1995: W. Treadgold, Byzantium and Its Army. 284-1081 (Stanford 1995). Yotov 2008: V. Yotov, Le thme byzantine, la Thrace, Iannoupolis et la question des terres bulgares du nord-est la n du Xe-premires annes du XIe sicle. Pontica XLI, 2008, 345-353. Zonaras 1871: Ioannis Zonarae, Epitome historiarum, cum Caroli Ducangii suisque annotationibus, edidit Ludovicus Dindorus, vol. IV (Lipsiae MDCCCLXXI). 1993: . , (971-1088) ( 1993).

Byzantine military-administrative units in the Eastern Bulgaria and on the Lower Danube during the reign of John I Tzimisces
Abstract In the spring-summer of 971, after the victories over the Grand Prince of Kiev Svyatoslav I who seized Bulgaria, the Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimisces conquered the territories of Eastern Bulgaria and the Lower Danube. The main cities of the region, Preslav and Dristra, under Byzantine rule have been renamed Ioannoupolis i Theodo-

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V. Mrcule, I. Mrcule, Uniti militar-administrative bizantine n Bulgaria rsritean i la Dunrea de jos

roupolis. The Bulgarian political formation maintained in Macedonia during the reign of Cometopuli brothers led the policy of restoration of the Bulgarian Tsardom. In the conquered territories John I Tzimisces has organized new Byzantine themes: the Strategy of Ioannoupolis in Eastern Bulgaria (spring 971) and the Catepanate of Theodoroupolis on the Lower Danube (summer 971). But soon the Catepanate of Theodoroupolis was replaced with the Strategy of Dristra or Dorostolon (971 or 972). Due to the intensication of the Bulgarian threat the Strategy of Dristra (Dorostolon) was replaced with the Catepanate of Western Mesopotamia (before 975).

- I
- 971 , , , I . , , , . , -, . I : ( 971 ) ( 971 ). , (971 972 ). () ( 975 ).

10.11.2012
Dr. Vasile Mrcule, Colegiul Tehnic Mediensis, str. Sticlei, nr. 9, RO-551130 Media, jud. Sibiu, e-mail: vasmarculet@yahoo.com; web: vasilemarculet.vze.com Dr. Ioan Mrcule, Colegiul Naional Ion Luca Caragiale, str. Calea Dorobanilor, nr. 163, RO-010564 Bucureti, sector 1; e-mail: ioan_marculet@yahoo.com

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