PHYSICS Magnetic Effect of Current And Magnetism

[Time:90Mins] Solution of ASSIGNMENT [Max. Marks: 35]

General Instructions (a) All questions are compulsory. (b) There are 16 questions in total. -Questions 1 to 5 carry one mark each, -Questions 6 to 10 carry two marks each, -Questions 11 to 15 carry three marks each and -Questions 16 carry five marks. (c) Use of calculators is not permitted. (d) You may use the following physical constants wherever necessary : c = 3 x 108ms-1 h = 6.6 x 10-34Js e = 1.6 x 10-19 C o = 4 x 10 T m A Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 x 1023 JK-1 Avogadros number NA = 6.023 x 1023/mole
7 1

Mass of neutron mn = 1.6 x 10-27 27 kg

1. Sol:

Why a soft iron core is kept ept in moving coil galvanometer? galvanometer

[1 MARK]

The soft iron core is used because it increases the magnetic magneti field inside the coil. As the permeability of soft iron is high, the iron core increases the strength of the radial magnetic field in the the space between the poles. [1 MARK] Why should an ammeter have low resistance? [1 MARK] Ammeter mmeter is connected in series. When connected in series it should not affect the current. In series, resistances are additive, therefore ammeter ter must have a low resistance. [1 MARK] An electron beam passes through a region of crossed electric and magnetic fields of strength E & B respectively. For what value of electron-speed electron the he beam will remain undeflected? undeflected [1 MARK] The electron beam will pass undeflected if electric force and magnetie force on electron is equal and opposite i.e., eE = ev or v = E/B [1 MARK] Where on the earth's surface is the value of vertical component of earth's magnetic field zero? zero [1 MARK] Vertical component of earth's magnetic field is zero at magnetic equator. [1 MARK] In the diagram below is shown a circular loop carrying current I. Show the direction of the magnetic field with the help of lines of force. [1 MARK]

2. Sol:

3. Sol:

4. Sol: 5.

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Sol:

The magnetic lines of force is shown in fig.

[1 MARK] 6. A magnet of magnetic moment M and pole strength m is cut (i) along its length (ii) perpendicular to its length into two equal pieces. What will be the pole strength and magnetic moment of one part in each case? Sol: (i) When the magnet is divided in two equal parts along its length, then Pole strength = [2 MARK]

m M , Magnetic moment = 2 2

[1 MARK]

(ii) When the magnet is divided in two equal parts perpendicular to its length, then Pole strength = m, Magnetic moment =

M 2

[1 MARK]

7. Sol:

A current loop is considered as a magnetic dipole. Explain.

[2 MARK]

When current flows in a loop and is suspended freely it stays along north-south north south direction. So it behaves as a magnetic dipole of magnetic moment = NIA amp-m . The rule of assigning polarity is that if the direction of current on flowing through the nearer face is clockwise, the face is South Pole and if anticlockwise, the face is north pole. [2 MARK]
2

8. Sol:

A circular segment of radius r and angle radians carries current I as shown in fig. What is the value of magnetic field at the centre O of segment? [2 MARK] According to Biot Savart law, the magnetic field due to a small circular current element of length L at centre O [1 MARK] while the magnetic field due to straight portions will be zero (since sin = 0) Total magnetic field at centre O

9. Sol:

[1 MARK] Define the S.I. unit of magnetic field. A charge moving at right angles to a uniform magnetic field does not undergo change in kinetic energy. Why? [2 MARK] S.I. unit of magnetic field is tesla. One tesla is the magnitude of magnetic field induction at a point where a charge of one coulomb while moving at right angle of the magnetic field with a velocity f 1 m/sec experiences a force of 1 Newton. Work doe is zero for a charge moving moving at right angles to a uniform magnetic field. As no work is being done, there is no change in kinetic energy. [2 MARK] How will be magnetic field intensity at the centre of a circular coil carrying current change if the current through the coil is doubled and the radius of the coil is halved? [2 MARK] Magnetic field due to a circular coil, when current i is doubled and radius a is halved, new magnetic field [1 MARK]

10.

Sol:

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That is magnetic field will become four times. 11. Sol:

[1 MARK]

What are permanent magnets? ? What is an efficient way of preparing a permanent magnet? magnet Write two characteristic properties of materials which are required to select them for permanent magnets. [3 MARK] Permanent Magnets : The magnets prepared from ferromagnetic materials which retain their magnetic properties for a long time are called permanent magnets. [1 MARK] An efficient way to make a permanent magnet is to place a ferromagnetic rod in a solenoid so and pass a current. The magnetic field of the solenoid magnetises the rod. [1 MARK] The materials used for permanent magnet must have the following characteristic properties : (i) High retentivity so that the magnet may cause strong magnetic field. (ii) High coercivity so that the magnetisation is not wiped out by strong external fields, mechanical ill-treatment treatment and temperature changes. The loss due to hysteresis is immaterial because the magnet in this case is never put to cyclic changes. [1 MARK] Explain the principle of moving-coil coil galvanometer or Weston galvanometer. [3 MARK]

12. Sol:

Let ABCD be a rectangular coil, kept in a magnetic fields, such that the sides AB and CD are perpendicular to field. Let AB = CD = l and BC = AD = b. Now, current i is flowing through the coil, then by Fleming's left-hand left hand rule, the force = Bil, will act on AB upwards and on CD downwards, normal to the plane of the paper. Thus, both the forces will form a couple. Let the coil is deflected through an angle a. Moment of deflecting couple = Bil 6 sin a = BiA sin a, ( are a, A = l b) = nBiA sin a, (where, n = No. of turns) But, for the radial field, = 90 [1 MARK]

sin = sin 90 = 1 Moment of deflecting couple -nBiA

If the coil is deflected through from equilibrium. Moment of torsion couple = C., (C = moment of unit twist)

Now, in equilibrium, nBiA = C. 0 or i =

C . = K. nBA C Galvanometer constant. nBA

[1 MARK]

Where, K= i

This is the principle of moving-coil coil galvanometer.

[1 MARK]

13. Sol:

What is shunt? Explain its principle. What are advantage and disadvantages disadvantages of using shunt with a moving coil galvanometer? Shunt: It is a wire of low resistance connected in parallel to the coil of galvanometer. galvanomete [3 MARK] [1 MARK]

Principle: Let the resistance of galvanometer is Rg, resistance of shunt is Rs, main current is i and ig is current through galvanometer and is current through shunt.

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By Ohm's law, Potential difference across galvanometer = ig.Rg and Potential difference rence across shunt = is.Rs Since, galvanometer and shunt are in parallel. ig.Rg = is.Rs or

is Rg = ig Rs Rg is +1= + 1 or ig Rs
is + ig ig

Rg + Rs Rs

But, is + ig= i

i ig

Rg + Rs Rs

ig =

iRs Rg + Rs

ig =

i n

iRs i = n Rg + Rs
or or nRs = Rg + Rs Rs(n 1) = Rg

or or or

Rs 1 = n Rg + Rs
nRs Rs = Rg

Rg n 1
[1 MARK]

This is the resistance of required shunt for nth part of current passing through galvanometer. Advantages : (i) It protects the coil of galvanometer from burning and breaking. (ii) Its resistance is low, hence current does not change in the circuit. (iii) The range of ammeter can be increased by using suitable value of shunt. Disadvantage : The shunted galvanometer has less sensitivity. 14. Sol:

[1 MARK]

State the principle ciple of the working of a cyclotron. Write two uses of this machine. [3 MARK] Cyclotron-Principle: A cyclotron is a device to accelerate charged particles/ions to high energies. In cyclotron charged particles are made to pass through accelerating electric field again and again by the help of a uniform magnetic field. . For accelerating charged particles the resonance condition "The period of revolution of a charged particle in uniform magnetic field between metallic Dee's must be equal to the (radio) frequency of alternating electric field". The period of revolution of ion is independent of speed and radius of its orbit. [2 MARK]

Uses : (i) It is used to bombard nuclei with high energetic particles accelerated by cyclotron and study the resulting nuclear reaction. (ii) It is used to implant ions into solids and modify their properties properties or even synthesize new materials. [1 MARK] 15. For the terrestrial magnetism, establish a relation between angle of dipole dip , horizontal component H and vertical component V. Sol: Relation between I, V, H & : Let I be the total intensity of earth's field and q* be the angle of dip. Resolving I in two perpendicular direction, we get Horizontal component H = I cos and vertical component V = I sin Dividing eqn. (ii) by eqn. (i), ...(i) ...(ii) [1 MARK] [3 MARK]

V I sin V = = tan ...(iii) H H I cos Proved. Also, by squaring and adding eqns. (i) and (ii),
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[1 MARK]

H + V = I cos + I sin or H + V = I (cos + sin ) or H + V = I

1 2 2

...(iv) [1 MARK]

Eqn. (iii) is the relation between H and V and eqn. (iv) is the relation between H, V and I. 16. Sol:

Derive an expression for the intensity of magnetic field at a point on the axis axis of a circular current loop. [5 MARK] [1 MARK FOR DIAGRAM] Magnetic field at a point on the axis of a circular current loop : Let a be the radius of a circular loop and current i is flowing lowing through it in the direction shown in the figure. A point P is considered on the axis of the loop, at a distance x from the centre O, O at which the intensity of the magnetic field is to be determined. The plane of the loop is normal to the plane of the t paper and its axis OP lies on the plane of the paper. Let the loop be divided into so many small elements, each of length dl, let one of such small part is AB. The intensity of the magnetic field at P, due to dl, is given by i.dl.sin dB = 0 . 4 r2 Where, = Angle between dl and CP = 90 . i.dl.sin90 i.dl dB = 0 . or dB= 0 . 2 2 4 r 4 r

...(i)

[1 MARK]

The direction of dB is along PR, normal to CP. Let CPO = . Resolving dB in two parts, we get 1. dB sin , along OP and 2. dB cos , along PN, normal to OP. If another small element dl is considered, diametrically opposite to AB, i.e., A'B'. Intensity of magnetic field at P, due to A'B' will be i.dl dB = 0 . 2 , along PR 4 r Again, resolving dB, we get 1. dB sin , along OP 2. dB cos , along PN', normal to OP. As the directions of PN and PN', are opposite, hence they will cancel the effect of each other. Similarly, all the resolved parts, perpendicular to OP will be cancelled cancelled out. But the components along the direction AP, will be summed up. Intensity of magnetic field due to the circular loop at point P will be i.dl B = dB.sin 0 . 2 .sin ...(ii) [1 MARK] 4 r

a r Substituting ting this value in eqn. (ii), we get 0 i.dl a 0 i.dl.a 0 i.a . 2 . = 4 r 3 = 4 . r 3 dl r r 4 0 i.a . .2a, [Q dl = 2 a ] 4 r 3 = 0 2 ia2 . 4 r 3 In right angle COP, Putting this value in eqn. (iv),
B= [1 MARK]

0 2 ia2 2 . Wb/m 4 a2 + x 2 3 / 2

If the number of turns in the coil is n, then This is the required expression.

0 2 nia2 . 4 a2 + x 2 3 / 2

[1 MARK]

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