Charts and Graphs oh my!!

UNIT E: DATA VISUALIZATION 1. Why do we need to create charts?

. The purpose of any graph is to give a "physical" reality to the message contained in the data

2. Prevent _____________ data 3. Present many numbers in a bar graph 4. Make arge data sets o! groups "ncourage the eye to see di!!erent pieces o! data

#. $evea the data at time it need to be shown when the time is right to show the data !rom a broad overview to the !ine structure 2. %ar and &o umn graphs' 1. Bar chart (( used !or showing data on each other(a so comparisons between unre ated variab es. 2. Other names: bar chart) bar graph Pareto diagram) histogram) *uarti e graph) hori+onta bar chart) stacked bar chart) ,oined bar chart 3. %ar graphs are a !ami y o! charts that disp ay di!!erent data by means o! a series o! vertica rectang es. 4. %ar graphs are !re*uent y used to compare two types o! data or to show how one or more entireties vary over time. #. "ach co umn represents a di!!erent type o! data and a comp ete set o! &o umns make up a data set. -. %ar graphs genera y have one inear sca e on the vertica a.is) and a category or se*uence sca e /such as a time sca e0 a ong the hori+onta a.is. 1hese charts are use!u when trying to compare two types o! di!!erent data sets or categories against each other. -. 2 bar chart is a co umn chart tit es this is usua y emp oyed when there are given at the start o! the tit e s ide and when the di!!erences between categories are arger. 3. 4or a co umn chart) the .(a.is ists the di!!erent categories) and the height o! each category5s co umn /with respect to the y(a.is0 shows the va ue. 6. 2 type o! bar chart) the group co umns chart shows severa sets o! re ated data adding up to a who e with their co umns stacked on top o! each other. a. 1he net resu t o! this stacking shou d demonstrate some the snack the peop e get the most b. 7tacking and grouping bars can a so serve to show re ationships between data sets) he ping the user to' &ompare the bars in a graph at various points in time8

7how how two di!!erent things change with time between mu tip e items change with time8 9ook !or good graphs with meaning!u re ationships between mu tip e data sets.

3. Line (x-y) graph -- used !or stocks or other things that may rise or !a variab es and re ationships __________. 1. 9ine charts are good !or showing rise or !a (o! continuous data) usua y :nvo ving time. 2. 2n area chart is a ine chart with the area between the ine and the .(a.is is 7haded.
LINE G#A$%
Temperture Changes
35

30

25 Temperature n Ce!" us

20

15

10

0 12:00 PM 1:00 PM 2:00 PM 3:00 PM T me 4:00 PM 5:00 PM 6:00 PM

4. Pie (( used !or showing parts o! a who e or a ho e. 1. Pie graphs compare the components o! a set to each other and to the you can compere more parts than in a bar chart 2. Pie graphs are a member o! an entire !ami y o! ___________ graphs. 3. 1he ang e or the area o! each s ice /sometimes ca ed a segment or wedge0 is the same percent o! the tota circ e as the data it represents. 4. Pie graph data may be contiguous or simu taneous in time and may be inked more by meaning than by physica pro.imity or se*uence.
$IE C%A #T

%o& I Spend 'y Day

re"a' 8% P"a$ %a& etba"" 8%

Watch TV 8% Do Homewor 12%

#at 8%

!choo" 28% !"eep 28%

#. catter plots -- used to get an each dot or mark on the chart represents 2 data values along the X and Y axes. $epresentation o! the re ationship or &orre ation between two variab es using the .(y graph method o! p otting. ;sua y the 9ines connecting the data points _____________________.
SCATTE# $LOT
16

()erage "e*gth o+ ha,r ,* +ema"e&

Length o) ha r n n"hes 8 -0 -5 100 105 I( 110 115 120 125

-. !istograms -- are bar charts that disp ay stu!! on both a.es or re ative !re*uencies in the !orm o! contiguous /touching0 bars. <istograms can be used to see the numbers on both sides o! the distribution and to determine whether the data are distributed symmetrica y.
%ISTOG#A'

". #hen to use !istograms or Bar $raphs% 1. <istograms are 1here is one variab e and data is sorted by this variab e by p acing them into =bo.es.> 2. 1he number o! pieces o! data in each bo. is counted. 1he height o! the rectang e drawn on top o! each bo. is proportiona to the number o! pieces in that bo.. 3. 2 bar graph has severa measurements o! di!!erent items that are compared. 1he main *uestion a histogram answer is' =<ow many measurements are there in each o! the c asses o! measurements?= 1he main *uestion a bar graph answers is' =What is the measurement !or each item?= <ere are some e.amp es' ituation We want to compare tota income o! !ive di!!erent peop e. Bar $raph or !istogram% Bar $raph ?ey *uestion' What is the revenue !or each person?

We have measured revenues o! severa peop e. We want to compare numbers o! peop e that make !rom @ to 1@)@@@8 !rom 1@)@@@ to 2@)@@@8 !rom 2@)@@@ to 3@)@@@ and so on. We want to compare heights o! ten basketba p ayers on a team.

!istogram ?ey *uestion' <ow many peop e are in each c ass o! revenues?

!istogram ?ey *uestion' What is the height o! each p ayer?

We have measured severa p ayers. We want to Bar $raph ?ey *uestion' <ow many p ayers compare numbers o! p ayers that are !rom #( are there in each c ass o! heights? #.# !eet high8 !rom #.#(-8 !rom -(-.# and so on.

6. $ecogni+e the di!!erent parts o! a chart

A SA'$LE C%A#T *IT% LA+ELED TE#'S

1. tit e o! it 1he re!erence ines in a coordinate system. 1he A(a.is is the hori+onta re!erence) and the B(a.is is the vertica re!erence. 2. the tit e o! the graph Cescribes the data the chart is symbo i+ing. 3. ( egend 2n e.p anatory ist o! symbo s on a chart /needed when you graph mu tip e data sets0. 4. data is 2re needed !or inking the chart to the in!ormation being disp ayed. :! charted data has abe s in the spreadsheet) the abe s shou d be carried over to the chart. D. $ecogni+e the basic ru es o! chart construction 1. ;se graph paper) a spreadsheet program) or graphing program such as peop e in a area 2. Cecide on the data o! chart or graph. 3. Cetermine the graphEdata to be p otted on each a.is and make sure the sca e is arge enough to use at east ha ! o! the paper in both directions. 4. P ot the data or contro variab e on the .(a.is. 1he dependent variab e is p otted on the y(a.is. #. 9abe the a.ase and give units to those abe s.

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2 graphs shou d have a tit e 2 good tit e that a ways works is =y= as a !unction o! =..=

3. Most graphs shou d start at the a.se abed . F @) y F @0. 1here are e.ceptions ike graphing temperature. :! the owest temperature is 33o & start at 3# o &. 1his is because @ o & is not the owest temperature. 6. Gumber the . and y(a.is with a tit e numerica se*uence or pattern starting with @ to space out your data so it !i s the entire graph. ;se a ru er !or straight ines. D. 1@. :! 2 or more ines are p otted on a graph) a tit e and seprit page is necessary. 2 di!!erent hue or symbo shou d be used !or each ine. 11. 1he co or o! the background o! the graph) and the ines on the graph shou d be c ear y read !rom each other. 12. 1he co or o! ines on a mu ti( ine graph shou d be ab e to see !rom each other. 13. Henera 2dvice a. ?eep graphs ogoni+ed (( make the data do the ta king. ConIt = iven= up you chart with e.tra co ors) 3C) or pictures. :nteresting data captures an audienceIs attention more than any graphic or specia printing e!!ect cou d. b. ;se proper tit es and abe s (( et the audience think about what the data means) not what the data is or cou d be. c. %e____________with the a.es (( Co not e.change sca es or perspectives to gain a !a se y perceived advantage. 14. 3C may not be a good idea because the data may appear ________________) can be misinterpreted) or may be mis eading. 2 demonstration o! prob ematic 3C perspective' the chart on the e!t c ear y shows that & inton edged out Co e in 4 orida. When ".ce shows this data in 3C !ormat) it is impossib e to c ear y te i! anyone won or i! it was a tie.

10. Review Chart: Chart / raph $ar !sages %hows data "xamples %hows data in &ars going up #rawing

Column 'ie (ine

%hows data %hows data %hows data

)istogra m %catter

%hows data %hows data

%ame as &ars as a &ar graph %hows data in a circle with slices %hows data in a line going up and down *ne set o+ data going up to one &ig set %hows in dots on a map spread apart