EEK 471 LAB 10

Universiti Sains Malaysia Electrical Engineering Department Advanced Power Electronic Laboratory EEK471

The MOSFET Buck-Boost Chopper

OBJECTIVE To learn the operation of a MOSFET buck-boost chopper.

INTRODUCTION The buck-boost chopper As discussed in the previous exercises of this manual, the buck chopper converts a dc voltage into a lower dc voltage and the boost chopper converts a dc voltage into a higher dc voltage. In these choppers, the current always flows in the same direction, that is, from the input to the output of the chopper as shown in Figures 1(a) and (b). In a buck-boost chopper, the current can flow in either direction. When the current flows in one direction, the voltage is converted into a higher voltage, and therefore, the buck-boost chopper operates as a boost chopper. On the other hand, when the current flows in the opposite direction, the voltage is converted into a lower voltage and the buck/boost chopper operates as a buck chopper. This is summarized in Figure 1(c).

Figure 1: Current flow in various types of choppers.

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A buck/boost chopper built with two MOSFETS and two diodes (free-wheeling diodes) is shown in Figure 2. This figure shows that the buck/boost chopper consists of a buck chopper and a boost chopper connected together. The buck chopper operates when the current flows from the highvoltage side to the low voltage side. In this case, the components of the boost chopper could be removed without disturbing the operation of the circuit. Conversely, the boost chopper operates when the current flows from the low-voltage side to the high voltage side. In this case, the components of the buck chopper could be removed without disturbing the operation of the circuit. Figure 2 also shows the waveforms of the switching control signals applied to the MOSFETs. These signals are pulse trains whose duty cycles are complementary. For instance, when the duty cycle of one signal is 60%, the duty cycle of the other signal is 40%. Therefore, when one MOSFET is switched on, the other MOSFET is switched off and vice versa. The equation relating voltages V1 and VO in the buck chopper and the equation relating voltages V1 and VO in the boost chopper also apply for the buck-boost chopper. The duty cycle of the switching control signal applied to the buck chopper MOSFET must be used when using the buck chopper equation. Similarly, the duty cycle of the switching control signal applied to the boost chopper MOSFET must be used when using the boost chopper equation.

Figure 2: A buck-boost chopper built with two MOSFETs and two diodes

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EQUIPMENTS EMS 8821 Enclosure Power Supply EMS 8840-0A PE Power Supply EMS 8837-0A Power Mosfets Module EMS 9029-00 Chopper/Inverter Control Unit EMS 8412-05 Lab-Volt DC Voltmeter/Ammeter Fluke 87V True RMS Multimeter EMS 8311 Variable Resistance X 2 EMS 8325 Smoothing Inductor EMS 9056-15 and EMS 9056-05 Voltage/Current Isolator 24V AC Power Switch Textronic Oscilloscope Connection Leads BNC-connector cable

WARNINGS The voltages and currents that are used during this lab are larger and rated at 240VDC Line-toNeutral with current as high as 20 amps (or higher if circuits are improperly connected). Please take the proper precautions and use your head before touching any circuitry. NEVER change any circuit connections while the power supply is turned on. Ask the demonstrator to check your connections before turning on the switches. And follow the rating of voltmeters and ammeters given to prevent equipments from damaged. Experiment: Part I Operation of the MOSFET buck-boost chopper 1. In this part, you will use the circuit shown in Figure 1a to observe the operation of a MOSFET buck-boost chopper. In this circuit, the MOSFET buck-boost chopper is connected between a voltage type source and a current-type source, which are both current reversible. Connect the modules as shown in Figure 1a. Use Fluke 87V True Multimeter for reading I1 dc. 2. Make the following settings on the Chopper/Inverter Control Unit DC SOURCE 1 Mid position DC SOURCE 2 Maximum MODE CHOP. PWM 3. Make sure that the main power switch of the Power Supply is set to the 0 (OFF) position. Set the voltage control knob to 0. 4. Set the 24V ac power switch to the 1 (ON) position. The POWER ON LED on the Power MOSFETS module should light up to indicate that the module is correctly powered.

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Figure 1a: Circuit of the MOSFET buck-boost chopper

Figure 1b: L1 = 0.8H Table 1a: Parameters setting I1 (A) I2 (mA) L1(H) mA/ A dc 300 0.8

E1(V) 300

R1 () 686

RL () 1600

5. Set the main power switch to 1 (ON) and slowly set the voltage control knob to 20(%). This supplies dc power to the MOSFET buck-boost chopper. On the oscilloscope, make the appropriate settings to position the traces of channels 1 and 2 in the upper and lower halves of the screen, respectively. The trace of channel 1 and 2 represent the switching control signal applied to MOSFET Q1 and MOSFET Q4 respectively. 6. On the Chopper/Inverter Control Units, set the DC SOURCE 2 control knob so that the period of the switching control signal to approximately 5 ms. Consequently, the operating frequency of the MOSFET buck-boost chopper is approximately 200 Hz.

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7. On the Chopper/Inverter Control Unit, slowly set the DC SOURCE 1 control knob so that the duty cycle of the switching control signal is equal to 50%. Sketch the waveforms of the switching control signals applied to MOSFETs Q 1 and Q4 displayed on the oscilloscope screen in Figure 1c. From the waveforms sketched in Figure 1c, describe the switching sequence of the MOSFETs.

Figure 1c: Waveforms of the switching control signals in the MOSFET buck-boost chopper. 8. Measure and note the currents (l1 dc and l2 dc) which the two ammeters indicate. The currents l1 dc and l2 dc are the currents which flow on either side of the MOSFET buckboost chopper. II = ________ A dc I2 = ________ mA dc According to the polarity of the currents l1 dc and l2 dc, in which direction does the power flow? Measure and note the dc voltage indicated by the meter on the Power Supply. This is the voltage at the terminals of dc power supply (E2 dc). Measure and note the dc voltage at load (E1 dc) as well. E1 = ________ V dc E2 = ________ V dc Explain why the voltage at the terminals of the variable-voltage dc power supply (E2 dc) is approximately twice that produced by the load (E1 dc). 9. On the Chopper/Inverter Control Unit, slowly set the DC SOURCE 1 control knob in both directions so that the duty cycle of the switching control signals varies between 30 and 70%. Describe the switching control signals and the relationship between the duty cycles of the two switching control signals. 10. On the Chopper/Inverter Control Unit, set the DC SOURCE 1 control knob so that the duty cycle of the switching control signals applied to MOSFETs Q1 is equal to 30%. Measure and note the dc voltage and current on either side of the MOSFET buck-boost chopper. E1 = ________ V dc E2 = ________ V dc II = ________ A dc I2 = ________ mA dc

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11. On the Chopper/Inverter Control Unit, set the DC SOURCE 1 control knob so that the duty cycle of the switching control signals applied to MOSFETs Q1 is equal to 60%. Measure and note the dc voltage and current on either side of the MOSFET buck-boost chopper. E1 = ________ V dc E2 = ________ V dc II = ________ A dc I2 = ________ mA dc 12. From the voltages measured in this step and the previous one, describe how the dc voltage on either side of the buck-boost chopper varies when the duty cycles of the switching control signals vary. From the currents measured in this step and the previous one, describe how the dc current flowing in the buck-boost chopper varies when the duty cycles of the switching control signals vary.

13. On the Power Supply, set the voltage control knob to the 0 position then set the main power switch and the 24 V ac power switch to the 0 position. Set the rocker switch on the Enclosure/ Power Supply to the 0 position. Remove all leads, cables and probes.

REVIEW QUESTIONS

1. Briefly describe the operation of the MOSFET buck-boost chopper. 2. The input supply of a buck-boost chopper is 40V. Knowing that the duty cycles of the switching control signals applied to Q1 and Q4 are equal to 25 and 75%, respectively. The resistive load RL is replaced by a 12-Vdc reversible dc power supply. a) Is the 12-Vdc power supply supplying or receiving power? b) Under the conditions stated in review question 2, would it be possible to remove MOSFET Q1 from the circuit without disturbing the operation of the MOSFET buckboost chopper? Explain. c) To which value cycles of the switching control signals of MOSFETS Q1 and Q4 be set so that no current flows in the buck-boost chopper. 3. What is the main feature which distinguishes the MOSFET buck-boost chopper from the MOSFET buck chopper and the MOSFET boost chopper?