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Parts of a Cell Cytology the study of the structure and function of cells. Cell the building blocks of life.

e. basic units of life. 3 Principal Parts of a Cell 1. Cell membrane / plasma membrane 2. Protoplasm 3. Nucleus Cell Membrane / Plasma Membrane thin co!ering outside the cell regulating "hat enters and lea!es the cell it allo"s food and o#ygen to go into a cell and "aste products to lea!e it. it gi!es the cell its shape Protoplasm basic fundamental stuff of life the li!ing material in a cell $f a nucleus is present in a cell% the protoplasm in differentiated into t"o& 1. Cytoplasm the protoplasm lying outside the nucleus. colloidal suspension of nutrients% minerals and en'ymes 2. (aryoplasm the protoplasm inside the nucleus

2 )ypes of Cell 1. Prokaryotic cell "ith no bound nucleus 2. *ukaryotic a cell "hich a true nucleus is !isible

+acuoles sack like organelles used for food% "ater and fats storage Mitochondria sausage shaped bodies that produces chemicals that gi!es the cell its energy. *ndoplasmic ,eticulum a series of canals in!ol!ed in making and transporting food substances. cell-s "arehouse and factory making and storing !ital substances ,ibosomes tiny granules scattered through the cell that make proteins. .proteins factories/ of the cell 0ysosomes 1lyso .dissol!ing po"er/ / .somes/ body2 in!ol!ed in digestion 1breaking food into particles that the cell uses2 also makes possible the destruction of microorganism% bacteria and other harmful foreign bodies taken in by the cell. also used to destroy old cells Nucleus a kind of central go!ernment% directs all the cell-s acti!ities it held the genes% "hich contains the blueprint for the future generation 3olgi 4odies / 3olgi 5pparatus in!ol!ed in making and secreting proteins

6istorical of Cell )heory ,obert 6ooke 117782 e#amined a thin slice of cork under the microscope. 6e obser!ed that the piece of cork 1bark2 "as composed of many tiny compartment. 6e named these compartment .C*009/ :eli# ;u<ardin 11=382 found out that li!ing cells contain an internal substance. 6e named it .95,C>;*/. ?ohannes .?an/ Purkin<e made a thorough in!estigation of this internal material. 6e ga!e it the name .P,>)>P059M/. ,obert 4ro"n 11=312 disco!ered the nucleus. 6e established that the nucleus is a fundamental and constant component of a cell. Matthias 9chleiden 11=3=2 stated that all plants are composed of cells )heodore 9ch"ann 11@3@2 concluded that all animals are composed of cells. ,udolph +ircho" 11@8=2 stated that all li!ing cells came from pree#isting cells.

Cell Theories 1. 5ll li!ing things are composed of one or more cells and cell products. 2. 9tates that the cell is the unit of structure% function and reproduction of all li!ing things. 3. 5ll li!ing cells come from pre e#isting cells.

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