PROBLEM 3.

7 KNOWN: A layer of fatty tissue with fixed inside temperature can experience different outside convection conditions. FIND: (a) Ratio of heat loss for different convection conditions, (b) Outer surface temperature for different convection conditions, and (c) Temperature of still air which achieves same cooling as moving air (wind chill effect). SCHEMATIC:

ASSUMPTIONS: (1) One-dimensional conduction through a plane wall, (2) Steady-state conditions, (3) Homogeneous medium with constant properties, (4) No internal heat generation (metabolic effects are negligible), (5) Negligible radiation effects. PROPERTIES: Table A-3, Tissue, fat layer: k = 0.2 W/mK. ANALYSIS: The thermal circuit for this situation is

Hence, the heat rate is q= Therefore, L 1 + k h windy Ts,1 T R tot = Ts,1 T L/kA + 1/ hA .

q calm = . q L 1 windy + k h calm Applying a surface energy balance to the outer surface, it also follows that q cond = q conv . Continued ..

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PROBLEM 3.7 (Cont.) Hence,

k Ts,1 Ts,2 = h Ts,2 T L k T + Ts,1 hL Ts,2 = . k 1+ hL

To determine the wind chill effect, we must determine the heat loss for the windy day and use it to evaluate the hypothetical ambient air temperature, T , which would provide the same heat loss on a calm day, Hence,
q = Ts,1 T L 1 + k h windy = Ts,1 T L 1 + k h calm

From these relations, we can now find the results sought: 0.003 m 1 + q calm = 0.2 W/m K 65 W/m 2 K = 0.015 + 0.0154 0.003 m 1 q 0.015 + 0.04 windy + 2 0.2 W/m K 25 W/m K q calm = 0.553 q windy 15o C + (b) Ts,2
calm

(a)

<

= 1+

0.2 W/m K 25 W/m 2 K ( 0.003 m ) 0.2 W/m K

36o C = 22.1o C

<

( 25 W/m2 K ) (0.003 m ) ( 65 W/m2 K ) ( 0.003m ) ( 65 W/m2 K ) ( 0.003m )

( 0.003/0.2 + 1/ 25) = 56.3o C ( 0.003 / 0.2 + 1/ 65)
-1

15o C + Ts,2
windy

0.2 W/m K

36o C = 10.8o C

= 1+

0.2 W/m K

<

(c)

= 36o C ( 36 + 15 ) C T

<

COMMENTS: The wind chill effect is equivalent to a decrease of Ts,2 by 11.3C and

increase in the heat loss by a factor of (0.553) = 1.81.

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