Quantity of Heat

Created by: Marlon Flores Sacedon Physics section, DMPS

June 2010

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Quantity of Heat
When you put a cold spoon into a cup of hot coffee, the spoon warms up and the coffee cools down as they approach thermal equilibrium. The interaction that causes these temperature changes is fundamentally a transfer of energy from one substance to another.

Energy transfer that takes place solely because of a temperature difference is called heat flow or heat transfer, and energy transferred in this way is called

Quantity of Heat (Q).

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Quantity of Heat

Q m T Q mc T
dQ mcdT Specific heat capacity 1 dQ c m dT

Where: Q = quantity of heat (J) m = mass (kg) T = change in temperature (K) c = specific heat capacity (J/kg. K ) 1 cal = 4.186 J 1 kcal = 1000 cal = 4186 J 1 Btu = 778 ft.lb = 252 cal = 1055 J Specific heat capacity of water: 4190 J/kg.K 1 cal/g. Co 1 Btu/lb. Fo

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Approximate specific and molar heat capacities (constant pressure)

Substance Specific Heat Capacity, c (J/Kg.K) 910 M (kg/mol) 0.0270 Molar Heat Capacity, C (J/mol.K) 24.6

Aluminum

Beryllium
Copper Ethanol Ethylene glycol

1970
390 2428 2386

0.00901
0.0635 0.0461 0.0620

17.7
24.8 111.9 148.0

Ice (near 0oC)

Iron Lead Marble Mercury Salt Silver Water

2100
470 130 879 138 879 234 4190

0.0180
0.0559 0.201 0.0585 0.201 0.0585 0.108 0.0180

37.8
26.3 26.9 87.9 27.7 51.4 25.3 75.4

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Example 1: During a bout with the flu an 80-kg man ran a fever of 2.0Co above normal, that is, a body temperature of 39 oC (102.2 0F) instead of the normal 37oC (98.6 oF). Assuming that the human body is mostly water, how much heat is required to raise his temperature by that amount? Ans: 6.7x105J

Q mc T 80 kg(4190 J / kg.K )(39 o C 37 o C ) 6.7 x10 5 J

Example 2: An aluminum tea kettle with mass 1.50 kg and containing 1.80 kg of water is placed on a stove. If no heat is lost to the surface surroundings, how much heat be added to raise the temperature from 20oC to 85oC Ans: 5.79X105J

Qadded Qkettle Qwater mkettlecal (T2 T1 ) mwcw (T2 T1 )

Qadded 1.5(910 )(85 20 ) 1.8(4190 )(85 20 ) 5.79 x10 5 J

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m nM
Molar mass mass No. of moles

Q nCT
(Quantity of heat in terms molar heat capacity) OR

from : Q mc T then : Q nMcT

dQ nCdT
(Quantity of heat in terms molar heat capacity)

Mc C
Molar heat capacity Specific heat capacity

1 dQ C n dT
Where: dQ = quantity of heat (Cal) n = No. of moles (mols) dT = change in temperature (K) C = Molar heat capacity (J/mol. K )
Molar heat capacity of water = 75.4 J/mol.K

Molar mass

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Phase Changes
Q mL f
and

Q mLV

Where: Q = quantity of heat (J) m mass (kg) Lf = heat of fusion (J/kg) LV = heat vaporization (J/kg ) Heat of fusion of water: Lf = 3.34x105 J/ kg = 79.6 cal/g = 143 Btu/lb Heat of vaporization of water: Lf = 2.256x106 J/ kg = 539cal/g = 970 Btu/lb

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Problems
1.)

Ans: 66 oC 2.)

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Ans: 69 grams

Apply conservation of energy to the system (Cola and ice)

QOmniCola

Qice

QL

momnicolacw (Tcola f T colai ) micecice (Tice f Ticei ) mice L f 0

0.25 kg(4190 )( 0 25 ) mice 2100 (0 (20 )) mice (334 x10 3 ) 0

mice

0.25 (4190 )( 25 ) 0.069 kg 69 grams 3 2100 (20 ) 334 x10

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Problems
3.)

Ans: 106 oC, 0.034 a. Final temperature

Qcopper pot

Qwater

mcopper pot ccopper (Tcopperf T copperi ) mwater cwater (Twaterf Twateri ) 0

2kg(390)(T 150) 0.10kg(4190)(T 25) 0
T 106 oC
b. Phase change of water

Qcopper pot Qwater QV 0

mcopper pot ccopper (Tcopperf T copperi ) mwater cwater (Twaterf Twateri ) x fracVapmwater LV 0 2kg(390)(106 150) 0.10kg(4190)(100 25) x fracVap (0.1kg)(2.256x106 ) 0
x fracVap 0.034 mvapor x fracVapmwater 0.034 (0.10 kg) 0.0034 kg 3.4 g

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Assignment

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Assignment

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Assignment
17.57

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