PCB3013-Well Test Analysis

HW# 6
Prof. Dr. Mustafa Onur, UTP, September 2013
SOLUTIONS

Given Date: November 14, 2013
Due Data: November 21, 2013

Subject: Analysis of a buildup test with wellbore storage and skin and boundary effects by
using log-log, Horner and MBH Analyses.


The data provided in Tables 1 and 2 are pertinent to a buildup test conducted in an oil
well producing at the center of a closed square reservoir. The length and width of the
reservoir is 500x500 ft.

(a) (30 marks) Make a log-log plot of buildup pressure change p and its derivative
vs. shut-in time. Then identify the flow regimes exhibited by the data and their
time intervals on the log-log diagnostic plot.
(b) (30 marks) Perform Horner analysis of buildup pressure data and determine
permeability and skin. You should state how you chose the time intervals to draw
your Horner semilog straight line.
(c) (40 marks) Compute the average reservoir pressure combining Horner analysis
by MBH analysis (MBH Chart for the well/reservoir configuration is given in
Appendix I).


Table 1. Reservoir, Well and Fluid Data for the buildup test.

Reservoir thickness, h, 25 ft
Well radius, r
w
, 0.35 ft
viscosity, , 1.0 cp
Formation volume factor, B
o
, 1.1 RB/STB
Flow rate prior to buildup, q, 2000 STB/D
Total compressibility, ct, 1.0x10
-4
1/psi
Porosity, , 0.25
Flowing pressure at the instant of shut-in, p
wf,s
............................2765 psi
Initial pressure, p
i
......................................................................5000 psi
Well/Reservoir geometry: Well producing at the center of a closed square
reservoir.











Table 2. Buildup pressure and derivative data.

Shut-in time
t, hours.
Horner
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.5
2.0
3.60
4.30
6.10
8.1
11.4
17.2
21.1
25.4
30.0



Table 2. Buildup pressure and derivative data.
Horner Time
ratio R
H

Buildup
pressure,
p
ws
, psi
Delta pressure
change, p=p
ws
-
p
wf
,
s
psi

Pressure
derivative
psi


2765.0 0.0 -
76.0 4185.2 1402.2 446.3
38.5 4470.3 1705.3 349.1
21.0 4611.4 1864.4 147.0
16.0 4655.3 1890.3 110.3
9.33 4730.8 1965.8 125.2
7.98 4751.0 1986.0 120.1
5.92 4788.1 2023.1 119.9
4.7 4815.0 2050.0 116.1
3.63 4844.8 2079.8 109.4
2.75 4873.4 2108.4 94.5
2.42 4885.0 2120.0 82.7
2.18 4893.7 2128.7 71.0
2.00 4899.3 2134.3 81.3

APPENDIX I MBH CHART
Pressure-
derivative
psi


446.3
349.1
147.0
110.3
125.2
120.1
119.9
116.1
109.4
94.5
82.7
71.0
81.3

(a) Log-Log is shown in Fig. 1 with the flow regimes labeled on it.


Figure 1.a. Log-log diagnostic plot.

There is no unit slope line, but we have wellbore storage and skin effects in the time
interval from 0.4 to 2 hr. In the time interval from 3 to 10 hr we infinite-acting radial
flow. After 10 hr, we see the effect of no-flow (closed) boundaries on the buildup
response.
(b) Figure 1b shows the Horner graph. Horner straight line should be drawn in the time
interval from 3 to 10 hours in terms of shut-in time (or 3.6. to 9.33 in terms of Horner
time ratio) as determined from log-log diagnostic plot shown in Fig. 1.a. From the
slope of the Horner semi-log straight line, we can estimate kh or k as

162.6
_
sc
q B
m slope
kh

= (Sb.1)

162.6
_
sc
q B
kh
m slope

= (Sb.2)

162.6 2000 1.1 1.0
1219
127.4 2.303
kh md ft

= =

(Sb.3)

1219
49
25
kh
k md
h
= = (Sb.4)

0.1 1 10 100
Shut-in time, hour
10
100
1000
10000
B
u
i
l
d
u
p

p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

c
h
a
n
g
e

a
n
d

d
e
r
i
v
a
t
i
v
e
,

p
s
i
Buildup pressure change
Derivative
Wellbore storage and positive skin
effects, but no data on unit slope line
Radial flow period
(Horner analysis can be applied)
Boundary
(no-flow)
effects
Skin factor S is determined from (Note that p
1hr
= -127.4*ln(31)+5012.6 =
4575 psi)

1 ,
2
4 2
1.151 log 3.23
_
4575. 2765 1219
1.151 log 3.23
293 0.25 1 10 25 0.35 1
2.5
hr wf s
t w
p p
kh
S
m slope c h r

( | |
= +
( |

( \
( | |
= +
| (

\
=




1 10 100
Horner Time Ratio
4100
4200
4300
4400
4500
4600
4700
4800
4900
5000
5100
B
u
i
l
d
u
p

p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

a
n
d

d
e
r
i
v
a
t
i
v
e
,

p
s
i
Fit Results
Fit 1: Log
Equation Y = -127.4210585 * ln(X) + 5012.593001
Number of data points used = 6
Coef of determination, R-squared = 0.997807

Figure 1.b Horner plot.

(c) We can perform MBH analysis based on MBH charts in combination with Horner
analysis to estimate the average pressure in the reservoir. To use MBH charts, we
first need to compute the dimensionless producing time based on the drainage area
given as follows:

4
4
4
2.637 10
2.637 10 49 30
0.06
0.25 1 10 1 500 500
p
pDA
t
kt
t
c A

= = =

(Sc.1)

Because it is known that the well is producing at the center of closed square, then
using the appropriate MBH curve for this geometry and using the dimensionless
producing time, we can determine the value of the dimensionless MBH pressure, as
shown in Fig. 1.c. Note that p
DMBH
=0.8. Using this value and the value of Horner
false pressure determined from Horner plot, p* = 5012.6 psi, we can compute the
value of average pressure as follows:

70.6 70.6 2000 1.1 1 0.8
* 5012.6 4911
1219
o DMBH
qB p
p p psi
kh

= =