Code No: RR410306 Set No.

1
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
JET PROPULSION AND ROCKET ENGINEERING
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Discuss the methods of improving the specific output and thermal efficiency
of the simple open cycle gas turbine plant.
(b) In a closed cycle gas turbine the working fluid at 400 C compressed with an
adiabatic efficiency of 0.82. it is then heated at constant pressure to 1000k, the
fluid is then expands down to initial pressure in a turbine with an adiabatic
efficiency of 0.85. After expansion fluid is cooled to 400 C, the pressure ratio
is such that work done per kg of air is maximum. The working fluid is air
having Cp = 1.01′ kJ/kg.k and γ = 1.38. Calculate the pressure ratio and
cycle efficiency. [6+10]

2. (a) Explain the principle of jet propulsion and mention how the jet propulsion
engines are classified.
(b) The effective jet velocity from a jet engine is 2700 m/sec. The forward flight
velocity is 1350 m/sec and the air flow rate is 78.6 kg/sec. Calculate
i. thrust
ii. thrust power
iii. Propulsive efficiency. [8+8]

3. (a) What is the thermodynamic cycle for turbojet and list out the main compo-
nents of turbojet unit, and present a schematic lay out.
(b) Show the various processes occurring in the engine on a T.S. diagram. [8+8]

4. A ramjet engine operates at M=1.5 at an altitude of 6500 m. The diameter of

the inlet diffuser at entry is 50 cm and the stagnation temperature at the nozzle
entry is 1600 K. The calorific value of the fuel is 40 MJ/Kg. The properties of the
combustion gases are same as those of air (γ = 1.4, R = 287 J/KgK). The velocity
of air at the diffuser exit is negligible. Calculate

(a) the efficiency of ideal cycle

(b) flight speed
(c) air flow rate
(d) diffuser pressure ratio
(e) fuel air ratio
(f) nozzle pressure ratio
(g) nozzle jet mach number

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Code No: RR410306 Set No. 1
(h) propulsive efficiency and
(i) thrust. Assume the following values ηD = 0.9, ηs = 0.98, ηj = 0.96, stagnation
pressures loss in the combustion chamber = 0.02 P02 . [16]

5. Determine pressure inside the chamber of a rocket engine. Exit pressure for opti-
mum expansion is 1.0 bar atmosphere, exit mach number 2.4. Neglecting approach
velocity to the nozzle, find nozzle area ratio between throat and the exit. Take
specific heat ratio of combustion products 1.3. [16]

6. (a) Why the pressurization system is necessary in liquid propellant rocket engines?
(b) Compare different pressurization systems used in rocket engines? [8+8]

7. (a) Draw a simple sketch of multi stage rocket vehicle depicting clearly the booster
stage, propellant tanks and exhaust nozzle, instruments and navigational
equipment.
(b) Explain briefly the meaning of the following.
i. Booster rocket stage
ii. Sustainer stage
iii. Retro Rocket. [10+6]

8. (a) With the help of a neat diagram, write about nuclear rocket engine.
(b) What are the advantages it has over other rocket engines. [8+8]

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Code No: RR410306 Set No. 2
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
JET PROPULSION AND ROCKET ENGINEERING
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. An open cycle gas turbine plant works between the pressure range of 1 bar and 6
bar and temperature range of 300 k and 1023 k. The c.v. of the fuel used 42675
kJ/kg. Find the following

(a) A:F ratio used

(b) thermal efficiency of the plant
(c) kw generating capacity of the plant if the flow of air is 10 kg/sec. assume the
compression and expansion are isentropic and pressure losses are neglected.
[16]

2. (a) Explain the principle of jet propulsion and how you determine the thrust.
(b) Explain clearly the various efficiencies associated with propulsion devices.
[8+8]

3. A turbojet engine is travelling at 270 m/s at an altitude of 5000 m. The compres-

sor pressure ratio is 8:1 and maximum cycle temperature is 1200 K. By assuming
the following data, calculate the specific thrust and TSFC : Ram efficiency 93%,
Isentropic efficiency of compressor 87% pressure loss in combustion chamber 4 %
compressor deliver pressure, calorific value of fuel 43,100 KJ/Kg, combustion effi-
ciency 98%, mechanical transmission efficiency 99%, isentropic efficiency of turbine
90% propelling nozzle efficiency 95%. Ambient conditions at 5000 m are 0.5405 bar
and 255.7 k. [16]

4. (a) Why a ram jet engine does not require a compressor and a turbine?
(b) How an air craft having a ram jet engine takes off?
(c) Give two important difference between Ram jet and pulse jet engine? [6+6+4]

5. Describe the nuclear rocket engine with a neat sketch and explain its merits and
demerits. What are their applications. [16]

6. Describe the liquid propellant rocket engine used for space applications. Discuss
its merits and demerits? [16]

7. (a) Draw a neat sketch of turbo pump feed system employed in rockets.
(b) How does cavitation occur in this system and what measures are taken to
prevent it?
(c) What is the effect of cavitations on the operation of the rocket? [6+6+4]

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Code No: RR410306 Set No. 2
8. (a) What is the working principle of plasma arc rocket engine?
(b) What are the basic components of the plasma arc rocket engine. Explain the
function of each. [8+8]

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Code No: RR410306 Set No. 3
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
JET PROPULSION AND ROCKET ENGINEERING
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Explain with neat sketches the working of a simple constant pressure open
cycle gas turbine.
(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of a closed cycle gas turbine over
open cycle gas turbine? What are the desirable properties of working fluid
suitable for closed cycle operation? [8+8]

2. The leaving velocity is 1750 km/hr from a jet and inlet velocity is 88 km/hr. The
specific fuel consumption is 12 kg/hr for each kg of thrust. Fuel of 42385 kJ/kg
lower heating value is used. For 2000 kg thrust, compute the air flow in kg/sec. Also
calculate the probable propulsion and thermal efficiencies and finally determine the
overall efficiency of this unit. [16]

3. A Turboprop engine operates an aircraft at an altitude of 3000 meters above mean

sea level at a speed of 525 kmph. The data for the engine is given below.
Inlet diffuser efficiency = 0.875
Compressor efficiency = 0.790
Velocity air at compressor entry = 90 m/s.
Temperature rise through the compressor = 2300 C
Properties of air : γ = 1.4, CP = 1.005 KJ/Kg K.
From the above data calculate.

(a) Pressure rise through the inlet diffuser

(b) Pressure ratio developed by the compressor
(c) Power required by the compressor per unit flow rate of air and
(d) The air standard efficiency of the engine. [16]

4. (a) Draw the sketch of a pulse jet engine. Write down its main advantages and
disadvantages.
(b) Describe the working of a scramjet engine. What is its advantages over the
ram jet engine. [8+8]

5. Define and explain the terms :

(a) Thrust
(b) Thrust power
(c) Effective jet exit velocity
(d) Propulsive efficiency related to rocket engines? [16]

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Code No: RR410306 Set No. 3
6. Sketch the layout of liquid propellant rocket engine and explain its working. Give
its applications. [16]

7. Describe briefly with the aid of graphs, the variation of the following quantities in
rocket propulsion.

(a) Rocket thrust with altitude.

(b) Thrust coefficient Vs Exhaust nozzle pressure ration Po /Pc
(c) Thrust coefficient Vs area ratio of exhaust nozzle.
(d) Acceleration due to gravity Vs altitude. [4×4]

8. (a) With the help of a neat diagram, explain the working of liquid bi-propellent
gas pressurization system.
(b) Discuss the possibility of rocket-powered vehicle having a flight velocity greater
than the exhaust velocity of the rocket motor. [8+8]

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Code No: RR410306 Set No. 4
IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, February 2007
JET PROPULSION AND ROCKET ENGINEERING
(Mechanical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Draw the schematic diagram of a simple cycle with a heat exchanger and
explain briefly the working principle, draw also the P-v and T-s diagrams of
the cycle.
(b) A gas turbine cycle has a perfect heat exchanger. Air enters the compressor
at a temperature and pressure of 300 k and 1 bar and discharges at 475 k and
5 bar. After passing through heat exchanger the air temperature increases to
655 k. The temperature of air entering and leaving the turbine are 8700 C and
4500 C. Assume no pressure drop through the heat exchanger. Compute
i. the output per kg of air
ii. the efficiency of the cycle
iii. the work required to drive the compressor. [6+10]

2. (a) Explain the energy flow in an atmospheric thermal jet engine and what are
powers corresponding to brake and indicated power of i.c. engines.
(b) What is the need for thermal jet engines and discuss the applications of ther-
mal jet engines. [8+8]

3. (a) Describe the working of a Turboprop engine

(b) Show the various processes occurring in the engine on h-s diagram. [12+4]

4. (a) Why a ram jet engine does not require a compressor and a turbine?
(b) How an air craft having a ram jet engine takes off?
(c) Give two important difference between Ram jet and pulse jet engine? [6+6+4]

5. (a) What are the important elements used in the rocket engines? Explain.
(b) Explain the arc plasma rocket engine? [8+8]

6. What are different types of rocket propellants? How the liquid bipropellants are
prepared? What are different possible combinations of fuels? [16]

7. (a) Describe briefly three important applications of rocket propulsion.

(b) What is the purpose of injectors in rocket engines? Describe an injector with
the aid of sketch. [4+12]

8. (a) With the help of a neat diagram, explain the working of liquid bi-propellent
gas pressurization system.

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Code No: RR410306 Set No. 4
(b) Discuss the possibility of rocket-powered vehicle having a flight velocity greater
than the exhaust velocity of the rocket motor. [8+8]

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