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    Teresna Muntaha
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    Fertilization occurs in the ampullary part of the uterine tube when a sperm undergoes a series of reactions to penetrate the zona pellucida and ovum cell membrane. This results in the formation of a zygote which undergoes cleavage as it travels through the uterine tube. By day 4, the zygote has cleaved into a morula, and by day 6 it has formed into a blastocyst containing an inner cell mass and outer trophoblast layer.

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    Fertilization occurs in the ampullary part of the uterine tube when a sperm undergoes a series of reactions to penetrate the zona pellucida and ovum cell membrane. This results in the formation of a zygote which undergoes cleavage as it travels through the uterine tube. By day 4, the zygote has cleaved into a morula, and by day 6 it has formed into a blastocyst containing an inner cell mass and outer trophoblast layer.

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    17 views30 pages

    2 Fertilization 2

    Uploaded by

    Teresna Muntaha
    Fertilization occurs in the ampullary part of the uterine tube when a sperm undergoes a series of reactions to penetrate the zona pellucida and ovum cell membrane. This results in the formation of a zygote which undergoes cleavage as it travels through the uterine tube. By day 4, the zygote has cleaved into a morula, and by day 6 it has formed into a blastocyst containing an inner cell mass and outer trophoblast layer.

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    of 30

    First Week of Development

    Dr.Sherif Fahmy

    FERTILIZATION
    It is the process by which a sperm units with the ovum.

    Site: It occurs at ampullary part


    of uterine tube (outer 1/3 of uterine tube)
    Dr. Sherif Fahmy

    Ampullary part of Fallopian tube

    Dr. Sherif Fahmy

    Sperm & Oocyte


    Acrosomal cap Polar bodies in periventicular space Nucleus Head Corona radiata Zona pellucida

    Neck Middle piece

    Cell membrane

    Tail

    Secondary oocyte arrested in 2nd meiotic division

    Dr. Sherif Fahmy

    1-Capacitation of the sperms by removal of protective coat it takes 7 hours. 2-First acrosomal reaction (phase I): Dispersion of corona radiata by the nonfertilizing sperms. 3-Second acrosomal reaction (phase II): by fertilizing sperm which fixes itself to receptor on zona pellucida and secretes enzymes from its acrosomal cap to dissolve a pathway through the zona. Then it passes through cell membrane (Phase III).
    Dr. Sherif Fahmy

    Mechanism of Fertilization

    4- Cortical & zona reaction Oocyte releases lysosomal enzymes from cortical granules which lead to: - Change of sperm binding sites of zona, preventing entry of more sperms. - Change the nature of plasma membrane to become impermeable to other sperms. 5- Secondary oocyte completes 2nd meiotic division just after fertilization. 6- Formation of zygote due to fusion between male and female pronuclie.
    Dr. Sherif Fahmy

    FERTILIZATION

    Dr. Sherif Fahmy

    Corona radiata

    Dr. Sherif Fahmy

    Dr. Sherif Fahmy

    Dr. Sherif Fahmy

    Start of cortical reaction when the head of sperm starts penetration of ovum cell membrane

    Dr. Sherif Fahmy

    Results of Fertilization
    Formation of zygot. Restoration of diploid number (46 chromosomes). Determination of sex. Cleavage (segmentation) starts, during which the zygote travels through uterine tube by help of cilia and contraction of uterine tube.
    Dr. Sherif Fahmy

    Dr. Sherif Fahmy

    Dr. Sherif Fahmy

    2- Cell Stage

    Zona pellucida

    Dr. Sherif Fahmy

    Artificial Fertilization:
    in culture media.

    - In vitro fertilization: Outside uterus - Intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

    Cleavage & Migration


    (Page 14)
    Dr.Sherif Fahmy

    START OF CLEAVAGE
    Fertilization leads to formation of a zygote which is a fertilized ovum surrounded with zona pellucida. Zygote divides by mitotic division to form 2-cell stage----- 4-cell stage -------- 8-cell stage ------- 16-cell stage --------- 32-cell stage ------ 64-cell stage (morula). Cells of morula are called blastomeres. Formation of morula takes 3 days through which it is transmitted through the uterine tube. Zona pellucida prevents adhesion of zygote to uterine tube and prevents separation of cells. Dr. Sherif Fahmy

    Formation of blastocyst
    By the end of 4th day, zona pellucida starts degeneration and disappears by the end of 5th day. The blastomeres that remain after rupture of zona is called morula. Fluid enters between cells and forms a cavity (blastocele) which separates cells into outer cell mass (trophoblast) and inner cell mass (embryoblast). This stage is called blastocyst which is formed at the 6th day. Embryoblast forms fetus while trophoblast form placenta, amniotic cavity and umbilical cord.
    Dr. Sherif Fahmy

    Dr. Sherif Fahmy

    Dr. Sherif Fahmy

    Dr. Sherif Fahmy

    Dr. Sherif Fahmy

    Dr. Sherif Fahmy

    Dr. Sherif Fahmy

    Dr. Sherif Fahmy

    Dr. Sherif Fahmy

    BLASTOCYST
    It is formed at the 6th day from morula which a cavity develop a cavity (blastocele). Cells of blastocyts separates into outer cell mass and inner cell mass. Outer cell mass (trophoblast) is responsible for absorption of nutritive material which is uterine fluid (uterine milk). Inner cell mass (embryoblast) will form the embryo.

    Dr. Sherif Fahmy

    Dr. Sherif Fahmy

    Dr. Sherif Fahmy

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