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Hydraulic Structures - Lecture Notes

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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES, RESERVOIR ENGINEERING LECTURE NOTES

F. O. K. Anyemedu KUMASI MARCH - 2007

Chapter 1;

Hydraulic Structures

Hydraulic Structures Hydraulic structures are engineering structures constructed for the purposes of harnessing and using water resources (groundwater, surface water, lakes, sea, etc) or for the prevention of the negative and destructive actions (floods, shore erosion, etc) of water on the surrounding environment. There are a large variety of hydraulic structures to serve the many purposes for which water resources are put to use. There are several classifications of hydraulic structures, however, the most important is the classification by function as given below.

Table 1. Classification of Hydraulic Structures by function Type 1. Storage structures 2. Flow control structures 3. Flow measurement structures 4. Division structures 5. Conveyance structures 6. Collection structures 7. Energy dissipation Purpose To store water To regulate the quantity and pass excess flow To determine discharge To divert the main course of water To guide flow from one location to another To collect water for disposal To prevent erosion Structure Dams, tanks Spillways, outlets, gates, valves Weirs, orifices, flumes Coffer dams, weirs, canal headworks, intake works Open channel, pressure conduits, pipes, canals and sewers Drain inlets, infiltration galleries, wells Stilling basins, surge tanks,

7. Energy dissipation structures 8. Shore protection structures 9. River training and waterway stabilization structures 10. Sediment and quality control structures 11. Hydraulic machines

To prevent erosion and structural damage To protect banks To maintain river channel and water transportation To control or remove sediments and other pollutants To convert energy from one from to another

Stilling basins, surge tanks, check dams Dikes, groins, jetties, revetments Levees, cutoffs, locks, piers, culverts Racks, screens, traps, sedimentation tanks, filters, sluiceways Pumps, turbines, rams.

1. Storage structures - Dams Dam: Dam is any artificial barrier and its appurtenant works constructed for the purpose of holding water or any other fluid. There are three common classification schemes for dams. According to the function performed, dams are classified into: i) ii) iii) storage dams for impounding water for developmental uses. Diversion dams for diverting streamflow into canals or other conveyance system and Detention dams to hold the water temporary to retard flood flows

From hydraulic design considerations, dams are classified as: i) overflow dams to carry discharge over their crests, and

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