Appendix

ABBREVIATIONS
ABG ABP AC ADH AFib AV BAR BMR BP Ca++ or Ca2+ CI CNS CO COPD CPAP CPCR CSF CVC CVP DAP DC ECG ETCO2 FiO2 FRC g Hb HCO3 Hct HR IM IO IP IPPV IT arterial blood gas arterial blood pressure alternating current antidiuretic hormone atrial brillation atrioventricular standard atmospheric pressure basal metabolic rate blood pressure calcium, calcium ion cardiac index central nervous system cardiac output chronic obstructive airways disease continuous positive airway pressure cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation cerebrospinal uid caudal vena cava central venous pressure diastolic arterial pressure direct current electrocardiogram, electrocardiograph end-tidal carbon dioxide tension or concentration fractional inspired oxygen percent functional residual capacity gramme, gram haemoglobin bicarbonate, bicarbonate ion haematocrit, packed cell volume heart rate intramuscular, intramuscularly intraosseous, intraosseously intraperitoneal, intraperitoneally intermittent positive pressure ventilation intratracheal IV kPa L MAP mg Mg++ or Mg2+ mg/kg mL mL/kg mmH2O mmHg N2 N2O NO O2 C F PAWP PACO2 PaCO2 PAO2 PaO2 PCO2 PEEP PiO2 PO2 psi PVC PvCO2 PvO2 PVR SAP SC SVR swg TLC UK USA intravenous, intravenously kilopascal (1kPa = approximately 7.5mmHg) litre mean arterial pressure milligramme, milligram magnesium, magnesium ion milligrammes per kilogramme body weight millilitre millilitres per kilogramme body weight millimetres of water millimetres of mercury nitrogen nitrous oxide nitric oxide oxygen degree Celsius degree Fahrenheit pulmonary artery wedge pressure alveolar carbon dioxide tension arterial carbon dioxide tension alveolar oxygen tension arterial oxygen tension carbon dioxide tension positive end-expiratory pressure inspired oxygen tension oxygen tension pounds per square inch premature ventricular complex mixed venous carbon dioxide tension mixed venous oxygen tension (1) pulmonary vascular resistance, (2) peripheral vascular resistance systolic arterial pressure subcutaneous, subcutaneously systemic vascular resistance standard wire gauge total lung capacity United Kingdom United States of America

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Appendix
VD VIC VOC V/Q g g/kg L respiratory dead space volume vaporizer in the (breathing) circuit vaporizer outside the (breathing) circuit ventilation: perfusion ratio microgramme, microgram microgrammes per kilogramme body weight microlitre

WEIGHTS
1 1 1 1 gram (g) = weight of 1mL water at 4C kilogram (kg) = 1000g (grams) gram (g) = 1000mg (milligrams) milligram (mg) = 1000 g (micrograms)

CONVERSIONS
Conversion factors Measurement
PCO2 PO2 Standard bicarbonate Base excess Haematocrit (packed cell volume) Total protein Glucose Creatinine Urea Pressure Weight

SI unit
kPa kPa mmol/L mmol/L Decimal fraction g/L mmol/L mol/L mmol/L mmHg kg

Old unit
mmHg mmHg mEq/L mEq/L % g/100mL mg/100mL mg/100mL mg/100mL cmH2O lb

Old to SI (exact)
0.133 0.133 Equivalent Equivalent 0.01 10.0 0.0555 88.4 0.166 0.73554 0.4545

SI to old (approx.)
7.5 7.5

100 0.1 18 0.01 6.0 1.36 2.2

Endotracheal tube sizes: The French number is divided by four for conversion to approximate internal diameter in millimetres

UNITS OF PRESSURE
Atmospheric pressure is important in relation to uptake of gases (oxygen and anaesthetic gases). Many different units are used in weather forecasts. Cylinder pressures may

be given in psi or BAR. Relevant conversions of the most common are as follows: The Standard Atmosphere at sea level = 760mmHg = 29.92inchesHg = 101.3kPa = 1013.25millibar (hectapascals). 1BAR = 100kPa = (approx) 14.5038psi

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