Mass Transfer

Operations
Mathematical modeling of physical processes for design and simulation.
Lecture 1 Chapter 1
Textbooks
Syllabus
Grading System
Intermediate Tests: 30%
Final Exam: 30%
Quizzes: 20%
Homework: 20%
Intermediate tests will be given in lass! o"en book# T$e %inal exam will be
take $ome# Homework will be given on &ednesda'! and due &ednesda' o%
t$e %ollowing week# (ate $omework will inur a "enalt' o% )0% "er 2*
$ours! wit$ no assignments ae"ted more t$an *+ $ours a%ter t$e
designated turn,in time#
Office Hours
-onda' .)0:00,)2:00/ and Tuesda' .+:00,)0:00/
Attendance Policy
I% an exam is missed wit$ an excused absene! t$e %inal exam will inrease
in value relative to t$e overall grade# 0o makeu" exams will be given#
Mass transfer is the net mo!ement of mass from one location"
usually meaning a stream" phase" fraction or component" to another.
Mass transfer occurs in many processes" such as a#sorption"
e!aporation" adsorption" drying" precipitation" mem#rane filtration"
and distillation.
$i%ipedia
Mass transfer is al&ays dri!en #y a gradient &ithin a system
Chemical potential
Concentration change
'emperature change
Pressure change
Single or multi(phase
Systems &ith no gradient are at Steady(State
)oes mass transfer still e*ist+
Class Objectives
Apply fundamentals of heat and mass transport to chemical
engineering processes" &ith emphasis on the mathematical model
,dentify re-uired assumptions
.educe a system to fundamental transport e-uations
Predict physical and chemical characteristics of a system
Examples
Calculate ho& the e!aporation rate of a s&imming pool
changes #ased on &ind speed and humidity
)etermine the lethal radius of chemical spills as they flo&
through &ater and sediment
Model the release of drug ta#lets in the #ody o!er time
)esign a separation process for purifying hydrocar#ons /oil0
1stimate the penetration of fla!or compounds into meat
during the smo%ing process
Types of Mass Transfer
)iffusion(2ased 'ransfer
1-ui!alent to conduction in heat systems
3ormally &or%s o!er short distances
3ot a rapid method of mass transfer
.elated in terms of molar change
Con!ecti!e 'ransfer
1-ui!alent to con!ecti!e transfer in heat systems
Large range of influence
4ery rapid method of transfer
.elated in terms of #ul% fluid change
Ordinary Diffusion
Molecules slip past one another and e*hi#it an o!erall
a!erage mo!ement from one location to another.
Mo!ement of molecules o!er time through a cross(sectional
area is flux.
]

= p
J

JZ
5ic%6s 5irst La&
j
|
=mass flu* of i in 7(direction 8mass9/area
:
;time0<
p =total mass concentration /density0 8mass9!olume<
m
|
=mass fraction /dri!ing force0 8dimensionless<
Z =distance of diffusion 8length<
D =diffusion coefficient /ease of diffusion0 8length
:
9time<
Concentrations
Concentrations
Velocity and Flux
)efinition of !aria#les and e-uations depends on the frame of
reference /5o.0 used to descri#e a system.
1ulerian
Part of a system is defined as
a 5o. &ith mo#ile particles.
=/*"t0 4elocity of #ul% fluid depends on time and fi*ed position.
Lagrangian often used for diffusion.
1ulerian often used for con!ection.
Velocity and Flux
Flux in Fixed Coordinates
vera!e Velocity
Total Flux Calculations
Molar flu* of species i 8moles9length
:
;time<
5lu* due to diffusion
5lu* due to #ul% con!ection
"inary Systems