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Hydrogeology Reading: Fetter, pp. 163-173 Lecture #17

Graphical solutions to lo! e"uations: #$ooper% &aco' ti(e dra!do!n and distance dra!do!n (ethods I) (Cooper) and Jacob straight line time-drawdown method for non-equilibrium flow in a confined aquifer: - Time dra!do!n part is i(portant: !ill co(pare to distance-dra!do!n (ethod in a e! (inutes - )his approach uses the in inite series ro( the )heis solution #see e"tn. 7-*% - Recogni+es that the last ter(s are insigni icant IF !e are dealing !ith longer ter( pu(ping - )he result: ), -.3 . * #ho - h% log #-.-/ ) t% #r- 0%

- )he log unction lets us plot this as a straight line on se(i-log paper - 1ote: the -.3 is a relict o the con2ersion ro( natural logs to 'ase 13 logarith( - )ypically: arith(etic scale on y a4is #plot dra!do!n here% 3 cycle log scale on 4 a4is #plot ti(e here in (inutes, re(e('er to con2ert to days in the ollo!ing e"uations% See Fig. .! from Fetter" p. #$ - 1e! e"uations or this solution: 5% 6"uation or trans(issi2ity: ) , -.3 . * #ho 7h%

- 1ote: #ho - h% re ers to the change in h o2er 1 log cycle 8% 6"uation or storati2ity: 0 , -.-/ ) to r-

- 1ote: to re ers to the ti(e !here the straight line intersects the +ero dra!do!n line #upper 4 a4is on the graph% - )his is tric9y: (ust pro:ect the straight part o the line 'ac9!ard to ind t o - r , distance to an o'ser2ation !ell. ;nce again, this storati2ity calculation re"uires an o'ser2ation !ell, !hile esti(ates o ) and < do not need an o'ser2ation !ell.

- =ou (ust 'e gi2en: ., r - =ou (ust read #ho 7h%, to ro( graph - to (ust 'e con2erted to days #again>% $% 0ol2e or < i needed: ) , <' II) %on-equilibrium flow: Cooper Jacob distance drawdown method - Re"uires data ro( se2eral !ells - ?lot on se(i-log paper - @ells (ust 'e properly spaced or this (ethod to 'e e ecti2e. )he ideal spacing: ha2e at least 3 !ells, !ith distances 'et!een the !ells that plot on 3 di erent log cycles. - 64a(ple: o'ser2ation !ell !ith 3 !ells spaced at 13 t, 133 t and 1333 t. See Figure .#& from Fetter" p. #$' - 1e! or(ulas: 5% 6"uation or trans(issi2ity: ), -.3 . - #ho -h%

- 1ote: #ho - h% re ers to the change in h o2er 1 log cycle 8% 6"uation or storati2ity: 0 , -.-/ ) t A ro!here: ro , distance !here straight line intersects the +ero dra!do!n a4is t , so(e ti(e BtC into the test #in days% !here dra!do!n is recorded in all !ells 0u((ary: - )hese (ethods gi2e a great regional su((ary o a"ui er para(eters - ), < and 0 are esti(ated or the entire area a ected 'y the cone o depression - )heis (ethod uses #relies on% good early ti(e data # irst e! seconds or (inutes% - Distance-dra!do!n (ethod uses an especially !ide area- this is use ul or co(puter (odels that need a regional esti(ate o a"ui er para(eters. 51D: uses later ti(e data

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