Code No: R05220503 Set No.

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II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATIONS
( Common to Computer Science & Engineering, Bio-Medical Engineering,
Information Technology, Computer Science & Systems Engineering and
Electronics & Computer Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. Find the Fourier transform of a single sided exponential function e−bt u(t) and draw
the spectrum. Where u(t) is the unit step function. [16]
2. The rms voltage of a carrier wave is 5 volts before modulation and 5.9 volts after
modulation. What is the percentage of modulation? Calculate the modulated
power if the unmodulated power is 2kw. [16]
3. Show that the noise output power density in a phase modulation receiver is uniform
over the baseband. [16]
4. Draw and explain the PAM modulator. [16]
5. (a) Describe different types of signaling formats with neat sketches.
(b) Explain the features of Flat top Sampling and Aperture effect. [8+8]
6. (a) What is m-ary FSK scheme and derive the average probability of error for
coherent m-ary FSK.
(b) Distinguish between QPSK and MSK. [8+8]
7. (a) What is the significance of coding? Explain the principles of any one type of
source code.
(b) Derive expression for channel capacity for infinite bandwidth.
(c) A source is delivering 3 messages with probabilities 1/2, 1/4, 1/4 What is
the entropy of second order source. [6+6+4]
8. Construct a code tree for the following encoder and explain the sequential decoding
method. Shown in figure 8 [16]

Figure 8

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Code No: R05220503 Set No. 2
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATIONS
( Common to Computer Science & Engineering, Bio-Medical Engineering,
Information Technology, Computer Science & Systems Engineering and
Electronics & Computer Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) What are the types of communications? Explain.

(b) Define noise. Where is it most likely to affect the signal? [8+8]
2. A voltage v = 200(1+0.4sin ωm t) sin ωc t is applied to a resistor of 100 ohms. Find
the power dissipated by each of the frequency components present in the voltage
v. [16]
3. An FM radio link has a frequency deviation of 30 kHz. The modulating frequency
is 3 kHz. Calculate the bandwidth needed for the link. What will be the bandwidth
if the deviation is reduced to 15 kHz? [16]
4. State and prove the sampling theorem (frequency domain). [16]
5. (a) Derive an expression for SNR of a PCM system using uniform quantization.
(b) Distinguish between uniform and non uniform quantization. [10+6]
6. (a) Give the mathematical expressions of ASK, PSK and FSK signals. Compare
their spectra and state the merits of above signaling schemes.
(b) Explain the relationship between minimum bandwidth required for an FSK
system and bit rate. [12+4]
7. (a) Consider a telegraph source having two symbols, dot and dash. The dot du-
ration is 0.2s. The dash duration is 3 times the dot duration. The probability
of the dot’s occurring is twice that of the dash, and the time between symbols
is 0.2s. Calculate the information rate of the telegraph source.
(b) A system has band width of 4Khz and SNR of 28 db at the input of the
receiver. Calculate
i. It’s information carrying capacity
ii. The capacity of channel if it’s bandwidth is double while the transmitted
signal power remains constant. [10+6]
 
1 0 1 1 0 0
8. For a(6,3) linear black code, the parity check matrix is H =  0 0 1 0 1 0 
1 1 0 0 0 1
For all the possible data words, find the corresponding code words. [16]

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Code No: R05220503 Set No. 3
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATIONS
( Common to Computer Science & Engineering, Bio-Medical Engineering,
Information Technology, Computer Science & Systems Engineering and
Electronics & Computer Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Find the inverse Fourier Transform of

i. sgn (ω)
ii. u(w).
(b) Prove the Time shifting and Duality properties using Fourier transform. [8+8]
2. Explain about the different types of Synchronization Techniques with block dia-
grams. [16]
3. N-voice channels, each of bandwidth fm are multiplexed using SSB and then trans-
mitted by FM:
(a) without emphasis circuits:
(b) with
 emphasis circuits(equivalent to PM). The transfer function a pre-emphasis
2
 2 2
is Hp (ω) =ω Γ where, Γ is the circuit constant. Show that for N th chan-

nel, the noise power N0 at the output in case (i) is three times that of case
(ii). [16]
4. Explain the cross-talk in PAM due to the HF and LF limitations of the channel.
Which one of two affects more than one channel and why? [16]
5. (a) Explain the working of Adaptive delta modulation system with neat block
diagram.
(b) Clearly bring out the difference between granular noise and slope over load
error. [8+8]
6. (a) Compare ASK, FSK and PSK systems with respect to bandwidth, power used,
and equipment complexity.
(b) Draw the block diagram of FSK transmitter and explain. [9+7]
7. (a) Establish the two shannon’s theorems associated with channel capacity. What
is Shannon’s limit.
(b) An analog signal band limited to BHz is sampled at Nyquist rate. If the sam-
ples are quantized into 4 independent levels, occurring with equal probability
of 1/4 each, find the entropy and information rate. [10+6]
8. (a) Design a linear block code with a minimum distance of 3 and a message block
size of 8 bits and find first five code words.

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Code No: R05220503 Set No. 3
(b) Distinguish block codes and convolutional codes. [10+6]

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Code No: R05220503 Set No. 4
II B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATIONS
( Common to Computer Science & Engineering, Bio-Medical Engineering,
Information Technology, Computer Science & Systems Engineering and
Electronics & Computer Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Find the highest value of auto correlation of a function f(t), where f(t) = 2cost +
3cos3t + 4 sin4t. [16]

2. In a collector-modulated class C amplifier, the collector dissipation is 60 watts.

The amplifier efficiency is 80%. Find the unmodulated carrier power if the depth
of modulation is 70%. [16]

3. If the waveform cos(ωc t + k sinωm t) is a phase-modulated carrier, sketch the wave-

form of the modulating signal. Sketch the waveform of the modulating signal if the
carrier is frequency modulated. [16]

4. State and prove the sampling theorem (frequency domain). [16]

5. (a) Explain the working of an A/D converter suitable to generate PCM words for
speech signals. Comment on its quantization noise, dynamic range and SNR
characteristics. Why is companding used in such codes?
(b) A signal x(t) band limited to 15kHz is sampled at 50 kHz and the samples
are transmitted using PCM/PSK. An output S/N of at least 40 dB is desired.
Assume that x(t) has a uniform pdf. Find the bandwidth requirements of the
system. [12+4]

6. (a) Draw the modulation waveforms for transmitting binary information over
bandpass channels, for the following modulation schemes.
ASK
FSK
PSK and
Baseband pulse shaping followed by DSB modulation.
(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of digital modulation schemes
over analog modulation methods? [8+8]

7. (a) A DMS X has four symbols x1 , x2 , x3 , and x4 with P (x1 ) = 1/2, P (x2 ) =
1/4, and P (x3 ) = P (x4 ) = 1/8. Construct a Shannon-fano code for X, and
show that this code has the optimum property that ni =I(xi ) and that the
code efficiency is 100 percent.
(b) If a discrete memoryless source whose alphabet consists of K equiprobable
symbols. Explain why the use of a fixed-length code for the representation of
such a source is about as efficient as any code can be. [12+4]

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Code No: R05220503 Set No. 4
8. Explain the procedure for calculating syndrome, error detection and correction for
a binary cyclic code. [16]

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